巻号一覧
72 巻 (2016)
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72 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1～7を表示しています
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Full Paper
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Kenichi TATSUMI, Yosuke YAMASHIKI, Anggie Karolin Morales MORANTE, Lia ...2016 年 72 巻 1 号 p. 1-11
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/03/10
ジャーナル フリーCrop classification within large agricultural regions is challenging owing to the presence of crops with similar phenological variation and intra-class variability. The development of efficient and simple classification methods is needed for more accurate mapping, monitoring, and analysis of land-use categories. Multi-seasonal aggregated statistical variables of Tasseled-Cap (TC) bands (brightness (B), greenness (G), and wetness (W)) obtained from the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus satellite (Landsat 7 ETM+) covering cropped areas in the catchments of the Ica and Grande Rivers of Peru were evaluated to assess the performance of random forest (RF) classifiers in identifying crop type. The effects of various TC band combinations on the classification results were also examined. Seventeen crops (asparagus, cotton, grape, maize, mango, and so on) were included. Overall accuracy and kappa coefficient analyses showed that the three-band combination of B-G-W, using multi-seasonal data, led to more accurate classification than did other combinations, yielding values of 86% and 0.81, respectively. The results indicate that employing aggregated statistical variables of TC bands in conjunction with RF classification techniques by using freely available multi-temporal satellite image data is not only a useful but also more economical and computationally efficient method for crop classification than the current one.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4874K) -
Bintang MADRINI, Sakae SHIBUSAWA, Yoichiro KOJIMA, Shun HOSAKA2016 年 72 巻 1 号 p. 12-19
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThis study investigated ammonia reduction by natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) on leftover food-rice hulls composting in seven enclosures containing composting fermenters. Amounts of 1.6%, 3.1%, 13.7%, 21.8%, 31.5% and 47.2% of clinoptilolite were added to six portions of the feedstock mixture on a dry mass basis, respectively, and 0% of clinoptilolite as a control. The ammonia emission pattern in the thermophilic stage of composting with the presence of clinoptilolite was investigated dependently of the process temperature. The addition of 31.5∼47.2% clinoptilolite to leftover food composting was the optimum dose for the reduction of ammonia emission in leftover food composting. It was demonstrated that clinoptilolite acted as an adsorbent in the composting of leftover food in granular form.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2052K) -
Maki OKADA, Masumi OKADA, Hiroyuki KUSAKA2016 年 72 巻 1 号 p. 20-28
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe plant canopy surface is cooled by radiative cooling at night. Cooling of the canopy surface results in cooling of the surrounding air by convective heat exchange between the canopy surface and the air. Convective heat exchange at the canopy surface is proportional to the convective heat transfer conductance, which depends on the wind speed and the canopy surface area. We conducted physical model experiments using a polyethylene chamber to examine the dependence of the heat exchange at the canopy surface on the canopy surface area during nocturnal radiative cooling. We introduced three canopy models, each having a canopy surface area equivalent to a Leaf Area Index (LAI) of 1, 2, or 4. The models were placed in two polyethylene chambers located outdoors and exposed to a nocturnal radiation regime. The canopy surface temperature of the LAI = 1 model was the lowest among the three models, whereas the convective heat exchange between the canopy surface and the air traveling into the chamber was the smallest for the LAI = 1 model. The convective heat exchange did not differ significantly between the LAI = 2 and 4 canopy models. The results showed that the air traveling through the canopy was cooled more at night, when the canopy LAI was large and the canopy surface temperature was relatively high. This air-cooling effect tended to approach an asymptotic value as the LAI became large. We were able to simulate these phenomena with a simple heat balance analysis of the heat exchange between the canopy surface and the air.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3137K) -
Daisuke KOMORI, Wonsik KIM2016 年 72 巻 1 号 p. 29-36
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/03/10
ジャーナル フリーDew deposition and its impact on water flux dynamics at a rainfed paddy field in northern Thailand during the dry season were investigated. Daytime evaporation was found to be related to the soil water content after the paddy had been drained and to the nighttime water addition after the paddy soil surface strongly dried. Consequently, daytime evaporation decreased because of nighttime dew deposition ceased due to increased soil surface temperature. Thus, daytime evaporation from rainfed paddy fields appears to be controlled by the timing of paddy water discharge and dew deposition. This finding differs from earlier studies in arid and semiarid regions that showed that the dew deposition on a bare soil surface is probably rare because the dew-point temperature is lower than the soil surface temperature due to the lack of water vapor content (WVC) in the atmosphere. This result indicates that atmospheric WVC might play a key role in water addition to the soil and water flux dynamics in the tropics.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4563K)
Short Paper
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Hirakazu SEKI2016 年 72 巻 1 号 p. 37-42
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/03/10
ジャーナル フリーBy regarding exergy as a fundamental driving force of composting, the exergy balance equation for composting is derived and its applicability is discussed. In composting, the available energy (termed exergy) is released from decomposition of the substrate by microbial reactions. Some of the released exergy is consumed by microbial growth and its movement, some is temporarily accumulated in the compost bed as a temperature increase, and the remainder is irreversibly dissipated and changed to anergy (non-available energy). There are two types of dissipation functions: bound and external dissipation functions. The external dissipation function governs the composting system. By considering the bound dissipation function as positive, the maximum value of microbial cell yield Y is theoretically formulated. Using the previously obtained experimental results, the proportion of the dissipation function of the entire amount of released exergy is confirmed to be as large as 90%. It is further shown that the application of the exergy analysis to the functional analysis of the composting process will be promising.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1234K)
Full Paper
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Satoshi KITAOKA, Sawako MATSUKI, Mitsutoshi KITAO, Hiroyuki TOBITA, Ha ...2016 年 72 巻 1 号 p. 43-49
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/03/10
[早期公開] 公開日: 2016/01/14ジャーナル フリーTo test the relationship between successional traits and photosynthetic response to elevated CO2, we evaluated the photosynthetic and biochemical traits in the leaves of four deciduous broad-leaved tree species with different successional traits grown under ambient (370 μmol mol-1) and elevated (720 μmol mol-1) CO2 concentrations (CO2). All four seedlings showed photosynthetic downward regulation, which is characterized by successional type-specific differences. In the mid-successional tree species, Magnolia hyporeuca Siebold et Zucc., both stomatal factors; stomatal conductance (gs) and stomatal limitation (ls) and non-stomatal factors; maximum carboxylation rate of RuBP (Vcmax), leaf nitrogen content (Narea), leaf mass per area (LMA) are affected, but in the mid-successional tree species, Quercus mongolica Fischer ex Ledeb. var. crispula (Blume) Ohashi, and the two late successional tree species, Prunus ssiori F. Schmidt and Carpinus cordata Blume, non-stomatal factors are affected by the photosynthetic rates. The decrement of Narea and increment of LMA imply the accumulation of photosynthates in the leaves and the dilution of nitrogen. The accumulated photosynthates and the dilution of nitrogen affected the photosynthetic response of the studied species to elevated CO2. The results suggested that tree species with different successional traits show different stomatal and non-stomatal responses to elevated CO2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1948K) -
Cong SHI, Mitsutoshi KITAO, Evgenios AGATHOKLEOUS, Makoto WATANABE, Hi ...2016 年 72 巻 1 号 p. 50-58
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/03/10
ジャーナル フリーGround level ozone (O3) is rapidly increasing in Asia and penetrates plants via stomata. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has also been increasing in global and in short term may promote plant growth via photosynthetic enhancement. Oaks are representative deciduous broadleaved trees native to northeastern Asia. In this study, we focused on the effects of elevated O3 and/or CO2 on leaf nutrients status (phosphorous, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, etc.) of two oak species: Konara oak (Quercus serrata) and Mizunara oak (Quercus mongolica var. crispula) to assess their function. We investigated foliar starch and sugar contents and nutrients composition of leaves of 2-year-old oak seedlings grown under elevated O3 and/or CO2 in a free air enrichment system. From elements concentration, nitrogen and magnesium may become the major indices in assessing the O3 effects on these species, and investigation of both of them would be of use in field studies to discriminate O3 and CO2 effects, especially under the projected elevated CO2 levels.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (980K)
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