巻号一覧
14 巻 (1958 - 1959)
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- 1 号 p. 1-
14 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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村田 茂三1958 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 1-5
発行日: 1958/07/31
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーThe osmotic pressure of leaves is an indication of coldhardness of a plant, according to the generally accepted theory that very severe frost-injury of plant is resulted from decrease of sugar contained in the plant and therefore weakness of cold-hardness of the palnt which is caused by temporary warmness of the environments occurred occassionally late in the frost season. The measurement of osmotic pressure of tea-leaves was carried out simultaneously with the micrometeorological observation in a tea-garden of Uji City, Kyoto Pref. from March to May 1957.
The osmotic pressure of tea-leaves which were nipped in the early morning (06a.m.) of every seven days was measured by the cryoscopic method, and the air temperature was observed by a thermograph set near the plant. Comparison of variation of the osmotic pressure with that of mean air temperature of two days before the tea-leaves nipping day gives the followings:
(1) The osmotic pressure is decreasing with increasing air temperature as for the old leaves of the last autumn (19.6atm. at 3.9°C, March 20; 13.8atm. at 17.7°C, April 23).
(2) Similar tendency may be found as for the young leaves of this spring, but not always so (7.9atm. at 17.7°C, April 23; 8.8atm, at 15.2°C. May 10) These results show that the osmotic pressure of the young leaves is about 3/5 of that of the old leaves.
The singificant diurnal variation of the osmotic pressure of the leaves is seen as the results of 24-hr. observations carried out on May 13-14, 1957. In this observation, the leaf-temperatures in the crown of the plant and the crown surface and the air temperature near the crown surface were also simultaneously measured by thermojunctions. The observed results are shown by the following harmonic terms Osmotic pressure (atm.). P=9.2+1.1sin (σt+241°)+0.2sin(2σt+91°)+……
Leaf-temperature (°C) La90=11.8+12.6sin (σt+263°)+0.8sin(2σt+174°)+……
Air temperature(°C) Oa90=11.9+12.3sin(σt+263°)+2.1sin(2σt+180°)+……
where σ=2π/T(T=24×60×60sec.); t=0 at midnight.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (722K) -
(5) 穂波上のエネルギー収支井上 栄一1958 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 6-8
発行日: 1958/07/31
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーTaking the following relation of plant assimilation into account the contributions of three terms of heat convection, evapotranspiration and assimilation to the energy budget over a paddy and a wheat field have been dealt with respectively:
6MolCO2+6MolH2O+700kcal_??_1MolC6H12O6+6MolO2.
The fluxes of heat, vapor and carbon dioxide are measured aerodynamically under natural conditions and corresponding terms of energy budget are computed and compared with each other. It has been shown that the contribution of assimilation term to the energy budget is sometimes fairly significant, although almost usually it is much smaller than other two terms.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (393K) -
井上 栄一, 今井 和彦, 谷 信輝1958 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 9-14
発行日: 1958/07/31
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーIn order to study the turbulent fluctuations in both temperature and humidity in the atmospheric surface layer the authors have constructed dry-and wet-bulb copper-constantan thermocouples of fine scales. The diameter of the dry-bulb portion is 0.2mm and the length is 5mm, and in order to increase the sensibility of the wet-bulb thermocouple three couples are connected in series within a narrow space. The sensibility characteristics of the apparatus have been checked and it has been found that fluctuations of periods more than 2 seconds can be recorded faithfully.
The observations of these fluctuations were carried out over a flat bare soil at the height of 1.5m under conditions of fairly calm winter night and morning, in which the vertical distributions of mean wind velocity, air temperature and humidity were obtained simultaneously. The averaging time for computation of the intensity and the Eulerian correlation coefficients R(t) regarding both fluctuations are equally chosen as 100 seconds taking the equivalent passage-time Tx(=Z/U, where Z is the height and U the mean wind velocity) into account, since the authors use to choose 100Tz as an appropriate averaging time. The intensities ‹θ2›1/2 and ‹e2›1/2 of fluctuations in temperature and humidity are respectively compared with the friction temperature Θ* and friction humidity E* which are calculated from mean value profiles as shown in Table 1. The characteristic scales of both fluctuations are assumed to be obtainable from the characteristic time scales Tθ and Tθ in the Eulerian correlation functions such as Rθ(t)=1-(t/Tθ)m and Re(t)=1-(t/Te)n. Computed results seem to indicate that both m and n are close to 4/3 and that Tθ and Te are about 3-4 times Tz, the equivalent passagetime. These results are, however, not so much confirmative, since the sensibility of the instrument isnot sufficiently good.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (830K) -
福岡についてのサンプル調査日下部 正雄1958 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 15-18
発行日: 1958/07/31
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーThe long-range averages of monthly mean temperature for July and August and their standard deviations, which greatly affect the growing conditions of the rice plants, at the several stations in Fukuoka Prefecture, are presented. In Fukuoka Prefecture, according to the result, we have no such cool summer damages that the Nowthen Honshu and Hokkaido are often subject to, but contrarily have some hot weather damages.
In order to provide some basic data for planning the better types of the rice growing, the fluctuations in the long-range averages of the 10-day mean temperature, their standard deviations, and some ether climatic elements for Fukuoka are studied, along with the daily temperatures over the period of transplantation for the earlier crop and over the earing and flowering periods for the later crop.
Then, it is made clear that, as to the later crop, the cold weather damages to the rice plants during the earing and flowering periods will rather often occur here in the future.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (554K) -
上原 勝樹1958 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 19-21
発行日: 1958/07/31
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーIt is most important to research into loss by evaporation from reservoirs for irrigation or for generating electricity, especially in arid regions. Recently there has been a tendency to use largesized evaporimeters in most countries to observe the amount of evaporation-drops in the surface of water caused by evaporation are observed directly with hook-gages, or indirectly with self-recorders.
The author has recently made a trial manufacture, from the view point that it is desirable to measure the volume or weight of water decreased by evaporation to learn the correct amount of evaporation. This has a form shown in Fig. 1. The principle is based on the idea to turn the variation of the volume of water decreased by evaporation into the variation of water-levels in another small water-tank, and to make the instrument continually register it.
A is a water-tank, B an evaporation-tank, and C a recorder. Let all of them float together on the water surface. A certain amount of water is put into A and a certain amount of water is always sent to B by a water-wheel. In case that a part of water in B evaporates, the rest returns to A and the water-level in A drops gradually, as long as the evaporation continues in B. The instrument is made so as to register the drop of water level.
Thus meters of any magnifications can be made according to the proportion of the diameter of the tanks A and B. The author has made a meter of a 12-fold magnification. G is an apparatus to prevent an evaporation curve from being distracted on a windy day.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2792K) -
伊集院 久吉1958 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 22-26
発行日: 1958/07/31
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーIn my 1st report, I asserted that the lowest temperature for the growth of Assam black tea plant which is easily affected by cold weather was -6.0°C. and in my 2nd report, I asserted that it was -8.0°C. But, by taking the temperature in Chiran Town where the parts on the ground of the above-mentioned plant were said to die every year, I found that the lowest temperature on the grass, there between Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1954, was -6.4°C. Now my conclusion is as follows:—
(1) In Mankurazaki City the plant can grow at above -8.0°C.
(2) In Chiran Town its parts on the ground die even a -6.4°C.
(3) Too many days being at the temperature below zero is bad for its growth (In those 6 years, the yearly mean number of the days in Makurazaki City was 5, while in Chiran Town 19.) In other words the total time at the lower temperature (below zero) and the frequent visits of the low temperature have a great influence on its growth抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (613K) -
飯塚 一郎1958 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 27-30
発行日: 1958/07/31
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリー1) 果樹の新梢の弾性率は柿が最も強く, 次いで梨, 伊予柑, 桃, 華果, 無花果の順である。各種とも枝の基部より頂部に行く程弾性率が弱くなつている。
2) 葉柄の附着部の強さは引張る方向によつて異り大体基部方向が最も弱く切線, 放射状方向, 頂部方向へと強くなつている。新梢各部の強さは中部が基部又は頂部より強い。無花果が最も強く桃, 苹果は弱い。この強さはその形, 面積, 葉柄と枝との角度及び同部の維管束の配置に関係している。
3) 葉柄の曲げの強さは曲げて折れる角度で表し, 無花果が最も大きく柿が最も小さい。又これは靱皮繊維の引張力にも関係するが, 木質部の周囲の位置にも関係している。
4) 葉身の引張りの強さは伊予柑, 無花果が強く, 桃, 苹果は弱い。
5) 強風に対する葉の抵抗は葉面積の大なるものと葉柄の細くて長いものが大きい。大きな葉は振動による風圧を軽減するため内側に巻き込んだ。その結果軽い葉ずれを生じ, 又桃は葉の先端が切断した。
6) 果樹の葉の風害は新梢の振動によつて風上へ枝が戻る時と葉が風に押される時と一致し, 又風向が葉柄を基部方向へ引張る方向になつた時に著しく現れる。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (642K) -
岡上 正夫1958 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 31-32
発行日: 1958/07/31
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (258K) -
1958 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 32
発行日: 1958/07/31
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (159K) -
傾斜地における樹林帯の防霜機能田中 貞雄, 谷沢 恒夫, 柿沼 計, 佐野 洋1958 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 33-36
発行日: 1958/07/31
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリー傾斜地における樹林帯の防霜機能は二つに分けて考えられる。
1. 傾斜面の短かい処では平坦地の場合と同様, 垣により気流の停滞する風上1～2H, 風下3～4H附近が稍低温となる。林帯内は地面に近い程高温を示すが, 樹冠部は低温となる。
2. 傾斜に沿い冷気流の流れる処では林帯の冷気流遮断効果は顕著で, 特に針葉林帯は大きい。
風蝕地の防風垣は垣の前後に霜害を起し易い。従つて遮蔽度を70～75とし, 風蝕防止能力を低下させぬよう注意すすることが大切である。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (570K) -
井上 栄一1958 年 14 巻 1 号 p. 37-40
発行日: 1958/07/31
公開日: 2010/02/25
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (634K)
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