農林業問題研究

農業集落排水汚泥の循環再利用に関する経済分析

富岡昌雄

1988 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 1-9,52
発行日: 1988/03/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.24.1

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Rural Sewerage (RUS) has been built in Japan since 1973 and the number of RUS plants being operated has reached 89 in April in 1985. In general, the most serious problem in operating a waste water treatment plant is the disposal of its sludge.
In the case of RUS, an idea to dispose of sludge by returning it to farmland as manure is brought up. But it has been hardly examined, wheather returning sludge to farmland as manure is economically advantageous than dumping it as waste matter or not; or what is the most suitable way to return sludge of RUS to farmland as manure.
Our case study on 4 RUS plants has made these points clear followingly:
(1) Most of these plants dispose of sludge at a lower cost by returning it to farmland as manure than dumping it as waste matter at a human waste treatment plant.
(2) In case of RUS, it is more advantageous to use liquid sludge than to use it after its dehydration. The reasons are as follows:
(1) Sludge of RUS is produced locally scattered and temporally intermittently, and the amount of sludge produced by a plant at a time is very little. So, it is unexpectable to use a dehydrator economically.
(2) A RUS plant is usually located near the village surrounded by farmland. Therefore, it is not difficult to transport liquid sludge from the plant to farmland.

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油脂食品の需要構造とその変化に関する計量的分析

沈金虎

1988 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 10-17,52
発行日: 1988/03/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.24.10

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The consumption of oils and fats have increased greatly after World War II in Japan. To analyse their increase mechanism, this paper estimates the household demand functions and the structural changes for edible oil, margarine and mayonaise, with time series and cross section data of The Family Income and Expenditure Survey for 1967-1985. To estimate the structural change, spline linear regression model is used.
The estimated results show the following: (1) Recently, income elasticities of demand for edible oil, margarine, mayonaise are all not greater than 0.2, their price elasticities are -0.36, -0.56, -1.6 respectively. (2) These elasticities are inelastic largely when compared with themselves in the period of 1974-1985. It can be said that the degree of necessity for these oil foods became much stronger after the great increase of consumption in the period before the Oil Crisis period (1967-1973). (3) The complementary elasticity between margarine and bread is 1.81. This value was not very large before the Oil Crisis. Persons per household have a significant effect on the demand of edible oil and margarine, but not on mayonaise.
Therefore, in terms of the comsumption increase, it can be indicated that the increase of household demand was caused by income increase mainly in the period of the high economic growth. After the Oil Crisis period, their demand changes are mainly determined by their prices. Furthermore, it was also noted that despite the price, margarine is also influenced by the consumption of bread.

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農作物共済制度の保険としての純化過程について

金種淑

1988 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 18-26,53
発行日: 1988/03/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.24.18

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This paper analyzes the historical changes of Japanese Crop Insurance Scheme. Japanese Crop Insurance Scheme was established in 1938 when landlord-tenant system was predominant, the nature of which possessed the dual structure of ‘mutual relief business’ and ‘crop insurance business’. This dual structure is unique compared with other countries where crop insurance scheme does not have such a characteristic.
Focusing on this dual structure, this paper first analyzes why Japanese Crop Insurance should not have been organized as a pure insurance business. The reason why Japanese Crop Insurance was equipped with ‘mutual relief business’ is that, as an organization principle of the scheme, it was difficult to make a contract with individual unit. Besides, it was technically impossible to calculate the crop damage rate individually at that time.
But through the high economic growth period, individualization among farmers developed as part-time farming prevailed. Farmers have become to prefer proportional premium in relation to his risk to uniform premium. At the same time, as crop damage statistics have been accumulated, the individualization of the premium could be done to some extent. According to the changes mentioned above, it has become clear that the characteristic of mutual relief business in Japanese Crop Insurance tends to be fading, while the nature of pure insurance side becomes dominating.

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都市近郊における林政の方向

大阪府高槻市における森林利用計画

榎幹雄

1988 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 27-34
発行日: 1988/03/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.24.27

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中華人民共和国成立前における農村地域の互助・合作運動

王朝才

1988 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 35-43
発行日: 1988/03/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.24.35

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バングラデシュにおける農業・農村開発に関する戦略

アフザルホセイン, 西村博行

1988 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 44-48
発行日: 1988/03/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.24.44

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稲本志良著『農業の技術進歩と家族経営』

大原興太郎

1988 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 49-51
発行日: 1988/03/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.24.49

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