農林業問題研究
Online ISSN : 2185-9973
Print ISSN : 0388-8525
ISSN-L : 0388-8525
49 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の36件中1~36を表示しています
論文
  • ―岡山県真庭市T 地域を対象として―
    房安 功太郎, 佐藤 豊信, 駄田井 久
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 1-12
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In rural areas, the population has been decreasing and aging due to lack of job opportunities, etc. Consequently,the stores, hospitals and any other facilities or services for residents' daily life have withdrawn from such areas. Under these circumstances, the problems of concern in rural areas are (1) the improvement of residents' living environment and (2) the creation of job opportunities.
    To solve these problems, one of the effective methods is to supply the necessary services needed for the residents'daily life, like transportation services, cutting grass services by using residents' skills in an area of certain ranges. Such residents' mutual support activity improves the residents' living environment and creates job opportunities.The aim of this study is to evaluate the demand scale of services supplied by using residents' skills in a rural area in Maniwa City, which is important information to create a residents' mutual support activity system.
    We interviewed households about the quantity demanded of 10 services supplied by using residents' skills at each price. Based on the results, we estimated the demand curves for each service.
    The conclusions are as follows:
    1.There are certain demands for each of the services in the area. The demand scale of services is, for example, 876,000 yen during a year for “transportation by car”, 810,000 yen during a year for “cutting grass service” at a certain price.
    2.The demands for each of the services are affected by household income. Thus, low-income households do not have the demands at high price, and are not supplied with the necessary services. This unfairness is a problem to be solved for the creation of a residents' mutual support activity system. It is necessary to consider the proper means of supply other than the market for certain services.
  • ―愛媛県における「担い手不在地域」を事例として―
    松岡 淳, 山藤 篤, 坂本 文造
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 13-24
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to clarify the actual conditions of the liquidization of orchards under the progressively weakening labor structure based upon an interview survey of citrus farm households in Seiyo City, Ehime Prefecture. As a result of an actual condition survey, it was verified that there was a mobility of orchards from 12 out of 15 farm households during the period from 1991 to 2009, and that six farm households enlarged their farming scale. Four out of six farm households leased out their orchards under the conditions of decreasing farm workers and progressive aging. The lending and borrowing of lands under perennial crops are often carried out in the areas benefited from sprinklers, and generally the leasing pattern involves a lease without payment of rent. To conserve the areas benefited from sprinklers, the lessees responded to the request from the lending side if they have an extra labor force. The lease of an orchard causes the expenses of sprinkler costs that exceed the benefit and accelerate the fragmentation of orchards, not always leading to the improvement of profitability and operational efficiency
個別報告論文
  • カナル・ナラヤン・ プラサド, マハラジャン・ケシャブ・ ラル
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 27-31
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    農業生産の効率性の分析において技術効率を分析することが一つの有益な方法である.本稿では,以上の観点からネパールのタライ地方の種子米生産者における技術効率について推察した.その際,技術効率に影響を与えうる社会経済的要素について,三つの異なる地域(郡)における現地調査による各60戸,計180戸の農家のデータを用い,二段階のモデル分析によって考察を行った.先ずは,確率的フロンティア生産モデルによって種子米生産における技術効率を五つの生産要素-種子,労働,化学肥料,家畜,土地面積を説明変数として算出した.そして,OLS分析によって同技術効率に与えうる九つの社会経済的要素-世帯主の年齢,教育,研修,家族労働,水利費,地代,経験,非農業収入,立地の影響について推定した.その結果,技術効率は81%(36.7%~95.2%)で,それを説明するには世帯主の教育,種子米生産の経験及び地代に代用される土地の質が有効であることが判明した.農業生産の効率性の分析において技術効率を分析することが一つの有益な方法である.本稿では,以上の観点からネパールのタライ地方の種子米生産者における技術効率について推察した.その際,技術効率に影響を与えうる社会経済的要素について,三つの異なる地域(郡)における現地調査による各60戸,計180戸の農家のデータを用い,二段階のモデル分析によって考察を行った.先ずは,確率的フロンティア生産モデルによって種子米生産における技術効率を五つの生産要素-種子,労働,化学肥料,家畜,土地面積を説明変数として算出した.そして,地代,経験,非農業収入,立地の影響について推定した.その結果,技術効率は81%(36.7%~95.2%)で,それを説明するには世帯主の教育,種子米生産の経験及び地代に代用される土地の質が有効であることが判明した.
  • 山口 創, 中塚 雅也
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 32-37
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    With respect to black bean production, this study discusses the relationship between age, mastery, and knowledge acquisition among farmers. A total of 320 questionnaires were collected in Sasayama city, Hyogo prefecture, to explore the degrees of knowledge acquisition and mastery among farmers. The main findings are as follows: (1) Inexperienced farmers are more likely to acquire knowledge from farmers’cooperative community (FCC) or agricultural improvement and growth center (AIGC) activities (e.g., cultivation information, training programs) or from individuals in their own village and family; (2) Middle-class farmers acquire knowledge from FCC or AIGC activities, and from individuals in their own village and family; and (3) Expert farmers acquir e it from FCC or AIGC activities, and from individuals in their own village, family andcity-level agricultural community.
  • ―松戸市を対象として―
    安藤 裕貴子, 大江 靖雄
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 38-41
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study examines the price determination factors of pears by focusing on the managerial factors of pick-your-own pear farms in Matsudo. Since investigations of and research on the determination factors of pear prices on pick-your-own farms have not been adequately performed, we conducted statistical tests and regression analysis that made use of data captured through a questionnaire survey of these farms. The results revealed that the most influential factor on prices was whether or not the farmers advise consumers of their eco-friendly farming practices; this is a marketing factor. Therefore, to ensure the sustainable development of pick-your-own farms, in addition to improving production skills, it will be important for these farms to improve their marketing, especially, the provision of sufficient information to consumers through multiple sales channels.
  • ―都市・農村・離島地域の比較から―
    福井 美穂, 大江 靖雄
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 42-46
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, linear spline functions and regression lines were used to analyze the process of tourism recovery in three large earthquake-stricken municipalities: Kobe, an urban city area; the former Kawaguchi, an agricultural area; and Okushiri, a remote area. The data used as explanatory variables are distinguished as social, meteorological, and p ublic policy variables.The results show that remote and/or agricultural regions faced crucial difficulties in undertaking tourism recovery: Kobe was the only case of the three to have experienced a full recovery of its number of tourists, while the other two areas faced difficulties in their recovery processes. Consequently, we can say that the adverse effects of earthquakes are uneven with regard to the tourism recovery process.
  • 谷 顕子, 草苅 仁
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 47-52
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In Japan, eating habits have changed during the postwar period. Until the 1970s, household income was suddenly higher, and the proportion of expenditure on livestock products had increased. Since the 1970s, while expenditure relating tofoodstuffs for homemade meals, as a proportion of total food expenses, has decreased, the proportion of expenditure on convenience foods and eating out has incr eased. The purpose of this study is to prove that a new framework led to changes in tastes and household compositions in the conventional scheme of the demand system analysis. The main outcomes of this study are as follows. First, in the 1951–1970 period, livestock products have showed high income elasticity. Second, services substituting for housework (cooking, cleaning, etc.) were largely in demand after the 1970s. Finally, in recent years, younger households have continued to enjoy convenience foods and eating out, while older households have maintained a taste for primary foodstuffs.
  • ―島根県出雲地方S 会を事例に―
    井上 憲一, 山岸 主門
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 53-58
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The implications for the existence of regional learning groups of farmers and consumers seem to be growing with respect to community development. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of a regional learning group of farmers and consumers; it follows a case study in Izumo district, Shimane prefecture. Our main results are as follows: (1) The leader clarifies and systematizes ideas and has networks involving both farmers and consumers, (2) The group’s roles are shared with both farmers and consumers, (3) There are many types of learning activities, including those involving real experience and inspection, and (4) Learning activities provide farmers and consumers with a broad understanding of food issues and rural problems.
  • 松岡 淳, 山藤 篤, 隅田 信二郎
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 59-64
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to clarify the possibility of undertaking pesticide-free cultivation in environmentally friendly citrus farming. To approach this task, we conducted a survey of an organic citrus production organization in Ehime prefecture. The survey results show that there were only a few or chards where pesticide-free cultivation practices were undertaken, because disease and insect damage often occurs wherever the citrus fruit unshu was produced. Meanwhile, there were many cases where pesticide-free cultivation practices were undertaken, vis-à-vis medium- and late-maturing citrus. On comparing farming incomes on a 10-acre basis, it was found that incomes derived from farming that involved pesticide-free cultivation were lower than that involving low-pesticide cultivation.
  • ―高知県仁淀川町における有機農家の作業日誌から―
    中山 琢夫
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 65-69
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Mountain villages in Japan have seen a large-scale exodus of their youth. To stop this phenomenon from continuing, —which leads to depopulation and population aging—it is important to understand the economies of mountain villages, and then develop a precise structure that supports domiciliation.
    In these mountain villages, unique agricultural practices that embrace a variety of methods are r equired; however, it is difficult to clarify and analyze this kind of unique management by examining statistical data. As a result, I carried out a participant-obser vation field study for one year or more in Niyodogawa-cho, Kochi, Japan. By forming a reliable relationship with a local farmer in this area, I was able to analyze his agricultural management; I did so, largely by reviewing his job diary and by making direct observations.
    As a result, it is revealed that farming immigrants who have finished their child care obligations can succeed in sustainable agricultural management; on the other hand, it is comparatively more difficult for younger immigrants who are caring fortheir young children to manage their households.
  • 石井 洋輝, 浦出 俊和, 上甫木 昭春
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 70-75
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    There has been a general tendency, wherein the number of new farmers has been decreasing. As the number of new farmers from non-farm households as a percentage of all new farmers has grown, so too has their importance as the bearer of Japanese agriculture.
    This study aims to examine the effects of agricultural training systems delivered by agricultural production corporations on new farmers.
    The results of a questionnaire survey administered among agricultural production corporations, are as follows: (1) The rate of new employees in agricultur e increases after agricultural training by agricultural production corporations largely because of long-term training systems and supports to new farmers, and (2) New farmers continue farming largely because they are highly active in their work, and they have established sustainable relationships with the corporations during their training.
  • ―大阪府豊能郡能勢町の農家アンケートに基づいて―
    衣笠 智子, 山口 三十四, 中川 雅嗣
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 76-81
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Nose town is located in Osaka city’s suburbs, but most of the area is mountainous; agriculture is its main industry. Promoting rural-urban interchanges is one of the most important agendas in the town’s development plan. We executed questionnaires among farmers in Nose town and empirically analyzed the characteristics of farmers who would like to be involved in rural-urban interchanges. According to our results, farmers who look forward to the institute for promoting agricultural land accumulation, those who are interested in local-branded crops, and those who often sell crops at the Roadside Station (Michi no Eki) are interested in rural-urban interchanges. Sale destinations other than the Roadside Station and basic farm characteristics such as size of farmland, age, share of nonagricultural income, and share of rented farmland were found to have no statistically significant effects on the motivation to get involved in rural-urban interchanges. It would be beneficial for highly motivated agricultural farmers to gather and discuss, in a comprehensive manner, various kinds of agricultural policy.
  • 松本 京子, 星野 敏, 余語 トシヒロ
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 82-88
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study addresses pertinent factors in sustaining small-scale water supply cooperatives (SWSCs). Based on our survey results, we identified three important areas to be addressed prior to the construction of water-supply infrastructure: (1) Identify the characteristics of communities to be involved in an SWSC, so that the SWSC can understand the shared interests of prospective members, (2) Identify the experiences of local communities in rule-making, for example, those based on neighborhood associations, and (3) For those communities that cannot fulfill (1) and (2), capacity-building among member residents is necessary, if they are to achieve the public or common interests of members through the enactment of SWSCs.
  • ―岡山県真庭市T 地域を対象として―
    房安 功太郎, 佐藤 豊信, 駄田井 久
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 89-94
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two subjects of key interest in rural areas are (1) Improvement of residents’ living environment and (2) Creation of job opportunities. In addressing these issues, it is effective to harness the residents’ skills to supply the services essential to their daily lives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the supply of such services in the rural area of Maniwa city by interviewing households within the area ; we also consider the appropriate methods by which to supply each service.
    The conclusions: Transportation service, for example, should be supplied for a price equal to the cost of the gasoline used ; consumers should pay JPY 200 of this cost, and the government should pay the remainder. In this way, transportation service can be offered to all households that require this service.
    Grass-mowing service should be supplied for JPY 300 or 500 per hour.
  • ―パソナチャレンジファームを事例として―
    佐々木 正剛
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 95-99
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study examines the means of support extended to new entrants to the agricultural sector. In the course of this examination, three points have become clear. First, a process with a view to independence is visualized, and it is observed that a support system tends to be established only after one has entered agriculture. Second, reflection support is provided intentionally, and trainees do realize that they make use of this type of support. Third, in gathering together, trainees realize that they make use of reflection support, and this increases their incentive to succeed.
  • ―暖地トウモロコシ二期作地帯における事例分析―
    西村 和志
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 100-105
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study aims to reveal the economic conditions of corn contractors who use large self-propelled har vesters; we do so by examining the corn double-cropping area in warm southwestern districts in Japan. We found that the introduction of such a machine requires one to have a large capacity,—that is, more than 100 ha per machine—in the absence of a government subsidy. If dairy farmers are willing to establish a corn-contractor sideline, they need to be invited to share in the use of this implement with others in order to attain a high capacity. In addition, the introduction of new seed varieties or cropping patterns should be considered to extend the appropriate harvesting time.
  • ―中国内蒙古巴彦淖尓市の農村地域を事例として―
    周 雪琼, 能美 誠
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 106-112
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study analyzes farmers’choices of living arrangements after retirement, on the basis of the results of a survey of 164 rural farmers living in Bayannaoer city, Inner Mongolia, China. This survey was undertaken, and its results assessed, with due consideration of Hayashi’s quantification theory. Factors influencing the choice of residential location mainly comprised economic factors, individual and family factors, human relationships in the rural community, and differences of preference between rural areas and cities. A positive preference for living in rural areas was influenced by calm living circumstances, good human relationships in the rural community, and living with one’s own children in the same rural area.
  • ―内モンゴル東北部の農村アンケート調査を踏まえて―
    包 薩日娜, 星野 敏, 橋本 禅, 九鬼 康彰, 清水 夏樹
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 113-119
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, we analyze the current state of Internet use in rural China, on the basis of the results of a questionnaire survey of residents of a village in Inner Mongolia. We looked to determine the factors that affect human attitudes toward Internet use in rural areas. Today, the number of Internet users among farmers in rural areas is very small. Based on the results of our research, we found that the Internet use groups are distinguished by four factors: basic computer knowledge, the nature of employment (farmer vs. nonfarmer), television use, and advantages related to Internet use. To resolve problems relating to Internet use among farmers, the advantages inherent in Internet use should be advertised, and information relating to basic computer knowledge should be disseminated. F urthermore, multiple routes of information delivery are required.
  • 山下 良平, 新井 健
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 120-124
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to determine whether a highly evaluated regional brand of rice, a domestic agricultural product, can maintain an excellent evaluation in the future, within an uncertain international agricultural market. To predict future changes to consumer preferences, we analyzed some effects of price, quality, cultivation method, and producer attribution on consumer preference; we did so by using the pair comparison method, while also using domestic, top-grade rice as a benchmark and three US rice types as a competitive commodity . Under the assumed market conditions, approximately20% of the low-price-oriented consumers supported the US rice types, whereas most of the consumers were safety-oriented with regard to food risk. Furthermore, we found that in the absence of precise information regarding risk or the producer of the agricultural products, consumer decision-making may be influenced mor e by price.
  • ―政府組織・種苗会社・農家グループへの聞き取りから―
    冨吉 満之, 西川 芳昭, 金 氣興, 李 柱炅, 久野 秀二
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 125-130
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study investigates the current state of various organizations engaged in seed conservation activities in South Korea. By interviewing the members of five organizations, this study examines the functions related to these organizations’activities. We found that the framework constructed to analyze the social functions of conservation activities by Japanese non-profit organizations could also be applied to private organizations in South Korea. Also, it is implied that the activities in South Korea were large-scale among organizations, but small in number compared to the Japanese status quo.
  • ―四川省眉山市S 村の事例から―
    李 英花, 伊藤 亮司, 青柳 斉
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 131-136
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study undertook an analysis of a case study village S in Sichuan province, with respect to the liquidation of farmland in Chinese inland farming villages. F irst, in a labor market where employment opportunities are scarce, and where younger farmers have left high school or college, work away from home in Chengdu city or other large cities, there tends to an increase in the lending of land usage rights. On the other hand, older farmers with no formal education or those who had completed only primary school have no option but to engage in physical labor at the construction industry within their own towns or to work in full-time farming in their villages, while expanding the scale of their activities by renting out their land. These borrowing and lending activities have pr omoted the liquidation of farmland in villages, leading numerous farmers to vacate their land; this phenomenon has, in turn, lead to the creation of upper-class farming households.
  • べドル べシール, 宇佐見 晃一, 西川 芳昭
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 137-142
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    エチオピア中部の干ばつ常襲地域では,高収量かつ干害耐性の放任受粉品種が導入されたにもかかわらず,トウモロコシの単収が低い.収量が安定して種子の再生産が可能であるトウモロコシ放任受粉品種が勧奨され,品種の選抜と伝播に農民を取り込んだ農民参加研究グループが研究・普及手法として実施されている.本研究の目的は,農家聞取調査によって収集したデータをロジットモデルで分析し,トウモロコシ放任受粉改良品種の採用を規定する要因を明らかにすることである.分析の結果,トウモロコシ放任受粉改良品種採用において,農地面積及び農民参加研究グループは採用を促し,最寄り穀物市場までの距離及び干ばつ頻度は採用を抑えていた.エチオピアの他の干ばつ常襲地域では,干害による低い単収という問題をトウモロコシ放任受粉改良品種採用の向上によって解決する場合,農民参加研究グループという研究・普及手法は有効である.
  • ザカリア・アミデユ・ イサハク, ケシャブ・ラル・ マハラジャン
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 143-147
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    気候変動が食物生産に影響が与えることは色々な研究によって明らかにされている。本稿では、ガーナの主要食物の収量において気候変動がどのような影響を及ぼすかを究明することとする。そのため、世帯調査の戸票データを用いて気候変数(温度と降雨量)が主要食物(キャッサバ、トウモロコシ、ソルガム、コメやヤム)の収量に与える影響について計量分析を行う。その際、確率的フロンティア生産モデルを活用する。その結果、緩やかな温暖化が顕著にキャッサバやソルガムの収量を増加させるが、米においては収量が減少することが判明した。農業投入材の利用は基本的に増収につながるが、農薬の投入時期や投入量が不適切であれば収量増にはつながらない。気候や投入材の他、農地規模、世帯規模、世帯主の性別、年齢、教育のような社会経済的要因が食用作物の収量に有意な影響を与える。ゆえに、本研究では、気候変動による食物収量への影響を最小限にとどめるため、化学肥料等の容易な確保につながる投入材市場の効率化、高温や干ばつに強い種子の普及、小農における効率的農薬利用の条件整備の重要性を指摘する。同様に、気候変動や技術に関する情報を効率的に農家に伝えるために普及員やコミュニティーラジオのようなメディアも活用すべきである。
  • ―ローカルチェーンを対象に―
    齋藤 文信, 清野 誠喜
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 148-153
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In terms of positioning the entry of local food service chains into agriculture as one means of procuring and using food products, this study compares local chains to larger chains and examines them from two perspectives: (1) The number ofitems produced at their own farms and food preparation locations, and (2) The method of entry into agriculture. No differ ences were found between local chains and large chains in terms of the production function of their own farms and food preparation locations. With regard to the method of entering agriculture, local chains tend not to have strong relationships with agricultural producers prior to entry, which results in a lack of cooperation with farmers before entry and engenders entry at the head office level. Large chains, however, had stronger ties with producers, with whom they sign farming contracts even before entering agriculture. In cooperation with producers upon entering agriculture, they gain access to regions not related to the head office location.
  • 大宮 めぐみ
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 154-159
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    We investigated the use of local vegetable products in the hospital-food services of three Koseiren hospitals. The hospitals use local vegetable products that are purchased from retailers, farmers, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives (JAs), and foodservice contractors. There are differences among the three hospitals, in terms of level of activity and consumption of local vegetable products; many of these differences derive from the ideas or plans of the hospital managers. One of the three hospitals uses local vegetables products once a month, while the other hospitals use them every day. Two of the hospitals have experienced problems in using local vegetable products within their food services, namely, supply shortages and a lack of variety. The results of this study imply that JAs have the potential to satisfy hospital food service requests for local vegetable products. Moreover, it will be necessary for hospital managers to become more active in the use of local vegetable products.
  • ―味噌,こんにゃくの事例を中心に―
    石塚 哉史
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 160-165
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study analyzes the current state of exports of processed food by Japanese food enterprises, and r elated issues; it does so by taking up the case of miso and konnyaku.
    The data used herein are based on the results of fieldwork done among various food enterprises, in Aomori province and Fukuoka province, Japan.
    The findings are as follows:
    (1)There are three key issues faced by food enterprises that relate to processed food exports which half of the agricultural products should be exported, how to adress earthquake disaster and how to handle processed foods with various “speeds”of spoilage, and (2) Japanese food enterprises continue to export more and more processed food, and so it is becoming more and more important, in terms of competition, that those food products be original.
  • ―中国地方の中山間地域に立地する直売所の事例分析―
    室岡 順一
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 166-171
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The number of customers that patronize farmers’ markets in hilly and mountainous areas of the Chugoku region has stagnated. Some of these farmers’ markets look to sell directly to city inhabitants within the neighborhood. We investigate a farmers’ market in “S” Town, Hiroshima prefecture. This study uses questionnaire data gathered from customers (n=374) and interview data from the manager of one farmers’ market. We analyze this case from three viewpoints: (1) A rough calculation of profits, (2) Customers’ evaluation of direct sales, and (3) Customers’ evaluations of the main store. This study concludes by arguing that direct sales at farmers’ markets hold significance for city inhabitants.
  • ―共和分分析に基づいて―
    钱 加荣, 伊東 正一, 穆 月英, 磯田 宏
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 172-176
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    大規模な農業補助が農業生産コストの増やすことを刺激する,さらに農製品の市場価格を推進でいる.本論文では,時系列データを用い,共和分分析方法による中国の農業補助金政策が中国コメ市場価格に及ぼす影響を分析した.その結果としては,近年間実施している農業補助金は増加させると,コメ価格は上昇することになると指摘できる.さらに,推測結果から農業補助金によるコメ価格への影響は大きくないことであると分かった.また,長期的見れば,農業補助金が10%の増加により,コメ価格は0.41%の上昇をもたらすことが計測できた.
  • ―韓国稲作の事例―
    近藤 功庸, 山本 康貴, 愼 鏞光
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 177-182
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    We measure regional productivity changes that reflect both economies of scale and multiregional productivity differences, in a case of rice production in South Korea. We calculate the multilateral input-based productivity (MIBP) index and themultilateral output-based productivity (MOBP) index. The results show that average annual growth rates of the national aggregate MIBP and MOBP are each less than 1%.
  • 万 里
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 183-187
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study analyzes recent-year price fluctuations on the international market that have affected domestic feed prices. A number of results were derived. F irst, there is no relationship between corn import prices and corn import volumes; there is also no relationship between corn import prices and domestic feed production. The corn import volume has been declining since reaching its peak in 2003. Second, the corn prices of near futures as per the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) precede corn import prices by four months; we also analyze domestic feed prices via time-series correlation analysis. Third, the greatest impact on domestic feed prices is that of corn prices of near futures on the CBOT, which were analyzed via multiple regression analysis. Fourth, under the compound feed price stabilization system in Japan, the impact of international market prices on domestic feed prices was found to be around 10-15%.
  • ―分位点回帰分析より―
    三輪 加奈
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 188-193
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    本稿の目的は,開発途上国のひとつであるカンボジアの5歳未満の子どもの身長と体重で測った栄養状態の決定要因について,カンボジア社会経済調査(CSES)2009からのデータを用いて,分位点回帰分析の手法により検証することである.子どもの栄養状態は,その分布の位置により決定要因およびその影響が異なるものと考えられるが,多くの既往研究が用いているOLSなどの標準的な分析手法では,その違いについては考慮しきれない.そこで,CSES 2009のデータを用いて,分位点回帰分析を行うことで,これまで同手法を用いた実証分析がなされていないカンボジアにおいて,5歳未満児の栄養状態の決定要因に関する新たな知見を提示することが可能となると考える.実証分析の結果,家計の食料消費・保有資産,父親の教育,衛生施設や食料不足の有無などの変数について,それらの影響が栄養状態の分布の位置によりそれぞれ異なるという結論が得られた.
  • ―広島県O 法人を事例として―
    倉岡 孝賢, 井上 憲一
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 194-200
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study clarifies the characteristics of personnel management among the employees and members of community-based farming corporations. We highlight these characteristics by considering similarities and differences in personnel management between members and employees.
    The similarities are as follows: recruitment makes use of directors’ network connections, a machine operator must obtain a driver’s license to use agricultural machinery, hourly wages are roughly the same, and personnel evaluation systems aresimilar.
    Differences relate to a specific portion of personnel management among employees: recruitment makes use of unemployment offices, and job advertisements within the store; education with respect to farming techniques, as well as commercial knowledge, are roughly the same; and standard monthly wages and, participation in social insurance tend to be similar.
  • ―愛知県豊田市の支所職員を事例として―
    萩原 和, 星野 敏, 橋本 禅, 九鬼 康彰
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 201-206
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, we clarify the role model components of those staff members who work for a municipal branch office, in support of local communities; we take Toyota city as the case study area. A questionnaire survey was executed in this study, among all staff members of the 12 branch offices of Toyota city. Our analysis identified three role model components among local officers: (1) From the viewpoint of residents, these officers take actions to explore and address the challenges that local communities face, (2) They derive a sense of satisfaction from being a staff member who takes charge of community affairs, and (3) They undertake efforts to share their knowledge and experience as administrative officers with local residents. The results of our analysis suggest that it is important for the government to consider how to enhance role model components within the context of human resource development.
  • ―広島県を対象として―
    西濱 健太郎, 北野 剛志
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 207-212
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study analyzes the morale of employees who work in a group participation arrangement within community-based farming corporations in Hiroshima prefecture. It makes use of a desire-provision system morale survey that analyzes four factors: policy, job, relatedness, and compensation. This methodology leverages Herzberg’ s motivation-hygiene theory, where policy and job factors are considered motivators. The results show that the morale of employees is strengthened by policy and relatedness factors, that the compensation factor is not a major issue, and that a low job factor (i.e., as a motivator) becomes problematic in terms of development. In particular, improvements in currently low policy and job factors among women are required.
  • ―現金現物日記帳と資金繰表を比較して―
    韓 美英, 古塚 秀夫
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 213-218
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to clarify the fund management function of the transaction daybook of a self-administered bookkeeping system. In this comparative study, we examine the fund management function of a transaction daybook, andcompare it to that of a statement of cash receipts and disbursement. The results of this comparative study are as follows: (1) We clarified that the income-and-outgo concept inherent in a transaction daybook and the income-and-outgo concept inherent in a statement of cash receipts and disbursement are materially different, (2) When cash was a fund, we clearly showed that a transaction daybook had a fund management function,and (3) When cash and savings were funds, and if we extracted cash transactions and deposits-and-savings dealings from the transaction daybook and totaled them, it became clear that a transaction daybook has the same fund management function as a statement of cash receipts and disbursement.
  • ―水稲栽培を対象として―
    増田 清敬, 富岡 昌雄
    2013 年 49 巻 1 号 p. 219-224
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2014/03/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The standards vis-à-vis environmentally friendly agriculture practices in Shiga prefecture include r eductions in the frequency of synthetic pesticide application and in chemical nitrogen fertilizers inputs to less than 50% of the levels seen in conventional agriculture. This study examines whether envir onmentally friendly rice production practices help mitigate global warming; it does so by using the life cycle assessment method. Organic fertilizers used in environmentally friendly rice production caused a large increase in methane emissions from paddy fields; consequently, environmentally friendly rice production practices actually increased total greenhouse gas emissions, compared to conventional production practices. Our results suggest that efforts to control methane emissions—such as midseason drainage prolongation—should be included in standards vis-à-vis environmentally friendly rice production, in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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