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Volume 87 (2010)
- Issue 4 Pages 155-
- Issue 3 Pages 75-
- Issue 2 Pages 33-
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Volume 87, Issue 3
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Mohammad Lutfur RAHMAN, Eunok LEE, Masato AOYAMA, Shoei SUGITA2010 Volume 87 Issue 3 Pages 75-83
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, the pecten oculi of a diurnally active bird, the Japanese jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos), was examined using light and electron microscopy. In this species, the pecten consisted of 24-25 highly vascularized pleats held together apically by a heavily pigmented ‘bridge’ and projected freely into the vitreous body in the ventral part of the eye cup. Ascending and descending blood vessels of varying caliber, together with a profuse network of capillaries, essentially constituted the vascular framework of the pecten. A distinct distribution of melanosomes was discernible on the pecten, the concentration being highest at its apical end, moderate at the crest of the pleats and lowest at the basal and lateral margins. Overlying and within the vascular network, a close association between blood vessels and melanocytes was evident. It is conjectured that such an association may have evolved to augment the structural reinforcement of this nutritive organ in order to keep it firmly erectile within the gel-like vitreous. Such erectility may be an essential prerequisite for its optimal functioning as well as in its overt use as a protective shield against the effects of ultraviolet light, which otherwise might lead to damage of the pectineal vessels.View full abstractDownload PDF (3397K) -
Hiroko MIKAMI, Michiko NAKATSUKA, Yasutomo IWAI2010 Volume 87 Issue 3 Pages 85-96
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe conducted a Fourier analysis on data obtained using correlation and principal component analyses of parallel-standardized dental study models; both maxillary and mandibular dental arches were predominantly round square in shape. The present study compared and determined the contribution ratio and reproducible coefficients of amplitudes (factors affecting dental arch forms), and demonstrated that the 1st to 4th and the 1st to 6th Fourier harmonics reproduced maxillary and mandibular dental arch forms, respectively. The correlation analyses of the constant term and amplitudes demonstrated that significant differences in the 2nd harmonic amplitude was strongly correlated with the curvature of anterior teeth and the length-to-width ratio in maxillary dentitions. By comparison of the constant term and amplitudes between different arch types, we did not observe significant differences in the constant term and the 1st amplitude of maxillary dentitions and in constant term and all amplitudes of mandibular dentitions. Nevertheless, the study revealed high contribution ratios of the 1st (in mandibular dentitions) and the 2nd (in maxillary dentitions) amplitudes essentially affecting the reproducibility of arch forms. The 1st amplitudes demonstrated a bow-like arrangement of all arch types, while the 2nd amplitudes adjusted the anterior-teeth curvature and in particular demonstrated the length-to-width ratio of maxillary dentitions. The 3rd and the 4th amplitudes were also determinants of the anterior-teeth curvature of maxillary dentitions. The 6th amplitude was necessary for reproduction, but showed no difference between varying mandibular dental arch types. Collectively, we conclude that the establishment of a Fourier series significantly reproduced maxillary but not mandibular dental arch forms.View full abstractDownload PDF (1410K) -
Haruyuki SHINOHARA, Izumi MATAGA, Ikuo KAGEYAMA2010 Volume 87 Issue 3 Pages 97-102
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe tongue has various functions, such as gustation, pronunciation, mastication, and deglutition. The nerve fibers are complexly intermingled, and communications between the lingual nerve and the hypoglossal nerve have been reported. Fifteen Japanese heads (30 sides) donated to the 2nd-year students dissection course at the Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry, Niigata, were studied with regard to the following aspects: 1. relation of the bifurcation between the lingual and the inferior alveolar nerves close to the oval foramen; 2. distance between the oral foramen and the bifurcation of the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves; and 3. communication between the lingual and hypoglossal nerves. Three types of bifurcation were observed. The standard bifurcation was observed in 21 cases (70.1%). A high bifurcation was observed in 5 cases (16.6%), and a communicating bifurcation was observed in 4 cases (13.3%). The average distance between the oval foramen and the bifurcation of the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves was 8.7 ± 4.2 mm (minimum: 0 mm/maximum: 14 mm). An anterior-type communication between the lingual and hypoglossal nerves was observed in 8 cases (26.6%), a posterior-type was observed in 17 cases (56.7%), and no communication was observed in 5 cases (17.7%).View full abstractDownload PDF (2752K) -
Mayumi KURIHARA, Ning QU, Baik Hwan CHO, Miyuki KITAOKA, Yuki OGAWA, S ...2010 Volume 87 Issue 3 Pages 103-108
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe development of the testicular cord structure was investigated in 4 human fetuses between 70 and 90 days of gestation, in which the testicular cords are differentiating into the seminiferous tubules. Histological examinations were performed using stains with haematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson’s trichrome (MT), periodic acid schiff (PAS), anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) monoclonal antibodies, and TUNEL methods. It was found that the testicular cords structures were indefinitely observed in HE-stained sections of four fetuses. However, the basement membranes of the testicular cord were clearly stained with MT, showing the tubular structure. Furthermore, cells in the testicular cords were positive with PAS, but the interstitial tissues outside the testicular cords were negative. PCNA-positive cells were detected not only inside but also outside the testicular cords, however, TUNEL positive cells are not detected throughout all testicular tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (5460K) -
Kota WATANABE, Hiroyuki TAKEISHI, Toru HAYAKAWA, Hiroshi SASAKI2010 Volume 87 Issue 3 Pages 109-121
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo examine the three-dimensional structure of the perivascular glial limiting membrane (Glm) and its relationship with the vasculature in rat/mouse cerebral cortices, serial ion-etched plastic sections were observed under the scanning electron microscope and their images were reconstructed. In the case of arterioles and venules close to the pial surface, cord-like principal processes predominantly formed the endfeet; whereas in the case of capillaries and venules, sheet-like secondary processes chiefly formed Glm. Moreover, it was found that several plate-like structures protruded from the basement membrane surrounding the arterioles to penetrate into the astrocytic somata. The perivascular Glm was formed by monolayers of astrocytic processes and/or somata irrespective of the types of blood vessel. However, the thickness of the perivascular Glm, varied greatly according to the type of blood vessel. The thickness of Glm decreased in the order of arterioles, venules and capillaries. The outer surface of the perivascular Glm was extremely irregular, and sheet-like processes arising from this Glm infiltrated into the surrounding neuropil.View full abstractDownload PDF (14395K) -
Iwao SATO, Taisuke KAWAI, Shunji YOSHIDA, Yoko MIWA, Kosuke IMURA, Rie ...2010 Volume 87 Issue 3 Pages 123-128
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe observed the location of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and nerve at the macroscopic level between the maxillary sinus (MS) and surrounding bone of the anterior region of the maxilla. This study was completed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging of 19 human cadavers with 38 sides of Japanese origin (ranging in age from 59-94 years, mean 77.7 ± 9.8 years) that were prepared for this study. The bony canal structure of the inner surface of the maxilla was clearly apparent in our results, and the bony canals were classified into three types according to the structure along the course of the PSAA: canal-like, ditch-shaped tunnel and fragmented, and the lest sides were undefined.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive fibers were identified along the PSAA in the bony canal of the maxilla by immunohistochemistry. The presence of the bony structure and CGRP-positive nerve fibers along the PSAA suggests that there is risk to the PSAA during surgery involving graft implant in the floor of the maxillary sinus.View full abstractDownload PDF (2379K) -
Shunji YOSHIDA, Taisuke KAWAI, Rieko ASAUMI, Yoko MIWA, Kosuke IMURA, ...2010 Volume 87 Issue 3 Pages 129-133
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe maxillary sinus (MS) in the maxilla bone is located near the orbit, the nasal cavity and the oral cavity; however, the positioning of the constituent bones is complex. The posterior superior alveolar branches of the maxillary artery and nerve are distributed in the lateral wall of the MS. The courses of these blood vessels and nerves are restricted by the morphology of the craniofacial bones, and the landmarks used in dental implant treatment of these courses mainly run along the lateral wall of the MS. In this study, 19 human cadavers with 34 sides of Japanese origin (ranging in age from 59- 94 years, mean 77.7 ± 9.8 years) were prepared for measurement of the MS, the superior alveolar artery and the infraorbital artery using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) of the lateral wall of the MS can be classified into one of three groups based on the supply pattern. In the greatest number of cadavers, the PSAA ran mainly to the lateral surface of the zone between the superior border of the alveolar foramen and the inferior border of the MS (53.0%, 18/34). In others, the PSAA ran to the zone between the infraorbital foramen and the superior border of the alveolar foramen (17.6%, 6/34); in a third group, the PSAA ran to the zone between the inferior border of the MS and the greater palatine foramen (23.5%, 8/34). The lest of two sides are spread out in this area (5.9%, 2/34).
CBCT is the most accurate tool to evaluate important anatomical parameters, such as the distance of the blood supply, for the implant of grafts in the floor of the MS during surgical procedures.View full abstractDownload PDF (1717K) -
Kin-ya KUBO, Yukiko ICHIHASHI, Chika KURATA, Mitsuo IINUMA, Daisuke MO ...2010 Volume 87 Issue 3 Pages 135-140
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent studies have suggest that masticatory (chewing) function is useful for maintaining neurocognitive function in the elderly. For example, a reduced ability to masticate, such as that resulting from toothlessness or soft-diet feeding, causes learning and memory deficits in aged animals and pathologic changes in the hippocampus. In addition, occlusal disharmony impairs hippocampal memory processes via chronic stress, and induces similar hippocampal pathology. Chewing, however, rescues stress-induced suppression of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus and the stress-induced impairment of hippocampal-dependent learning. These findings strongly suggest a link between mastication and neurocognitive function.View full abstractDownload PDF (652K) -
Tomokazu KAWASHIMA, Hiroshi SASAKI2010 Volume 87 Issue 3 Pages 141-149
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main aim of this review is (1) to introduce the two previous studies we published human lower limb anatomy based on the conventional macroscopic anatomical criteria with hazardous recognition of this description, (2) to activate the discussion whether the limb homology exists, and (3) to contribute to future study filling the gap between the gross anatomy and embryology.
One of the topics we discussed was the human persistent sciatic artery. To date, numerous human cases of persistent sciatic artery have been reported in which the anomalous artery was present in the posterior compartment of the thigh alongside the sciatic nerve. As one of the important criteria for assessing the human primitive sciatic artery, its ventral arterial position with respect to the sciatic nerve is reasonable based on the initial positional relationship between ventral arterial and dorsal nervous systems and comparative anatomical findings. We also discuss ways of considering the topography of muscles of the lower limb and their innervations compared to those of the upper limb. We propose a schema of the complex anatomical characteristics of the lower limb based on the vertebrate body plan. According to this reasonable schema, the twisted anatomy of the lower limb can be understood more easily.
These two main ideas discussed in this paper will be useful for further understanding of the anatomy of the lower limb and as a first step for future. We hope that the future study in lower limb will be further developed by both viewpoints of the classical gross anatomy and recent embryology.View full abstractDownload PDF (3231K) -
Masataka SUNOHARA, Shigeru MORIKAWA, Hidetaka MURATA, Akira FUSE, Iwao ...2010 Volume 87 Issue 3 Pages 151-154
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThrombopoietin is the cytokine involved in megakaryopoiesis and its receptor (c-Mpl) is considered to regulate development of megakaryocyte. In this research, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of c-mpl gene expression in megakaryoblastic cells, we investigated the effect of a protein kinase C (PKC) on c-mpl promoter activity in a time-dependent manner. PKC is a member of a family of serine/threonine protein kinases in the cytosol involved in cell growth and differentiation. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is known as PKC activator, significantly enhanced the c-mpl promoter activity and PKC inhibitor, 2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride (H-7) suppressed the up-regulation of PMA-induced promoter activity and this effect decreased in a time-dependent manner. These results clearly suggest that in megakaryoblastic cells, PKC plays the crucial role in the initiation of up-regulation of PMA-induced c-mpl promoter activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (786K)
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