Tetsu-to-Hagane

ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS AND CHEMICAL POTENTIALS OF SOLUTE ELEMENTS IN MOLTEN IRON

Eiji Horikawa

1958 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 533-541
Published: May 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.44.5_533

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The lattice model of liquids was applied to molten iron containing some kinds of foreign elements. The theoretical expressions for chemical potentials and activity coefficients were derived, making use of an approximational method analogous to that of Bragg-Williams for the case of binary alloys.
The results are as follows;
1) If three absolute elements (1, 2and 3) are all interstitials, the activity coefficient f that denotes the extent of deviation from Herry's law which is valid for dilute solutions is given by for the first solute element, where c_i is the concentration of the i'th element, φ_ij the interaction potential between the i'th and j'th solute elements. The validity of this expression is examined by using the numerical data for Fe-O-C system.
2) If three elements (B, C and D) are all substitutional in the solvent (A), the activity coefficient γ that denotes the extent of deviation from Raoult's law for the ideal solution is given by for any one (say D) of the four elements, where n_i is the molar fraction of the i's element, Ω_AB, for example, the enthalpy change in the reaction A+B=AB. The validity of this expression is examined by the data for Fe-Si-Cu system.
3) If elements A₁ and A₂ are substitutional and elements B₁ and B₂ interstitial, the chemical potential of B₂ is given by and that of substitutional A₂ by where in the two-letter suffix to φ' the first letter denotes the kind of substitutional element and the second the kind of interstitial element. Further, F_A2 denotes molar free energy of pure A₂, and φ' the interaction potential between A and B, and φ" that between substitutional elements. The validity bf this expression is examined by using the data for Fe-Si-C system.

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STUDIES ON THE DESULPHURIZATION OF MOLTEN PIG IRON BY MANGANESE (II)

Effect of Si, P on Mn-S Equilibrium in C-saturated Molten Iron -Part 2

Kokichi Sano, Michio Inouye

1958 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 541-546
Published: May 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.44.5_541

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Refer to Report I p. 461, April, 1958 of this Journal.

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STUDY ON SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS OF INGOTS (II)

Chemical Variations of Molten Steel near the Solid Phase of a Large Ingot during Solidification Process.

Shizuya Maekawa, Yoshitaka Nakagawa

1958 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 546-552
Published: May 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.44.5_546

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The authors made investigations into the state of molten steel near the solid phase of a ingot of 9-20 tons with a sampler which had been described in report No. 1. (p. 467-470, April, 1958 of this issue.)
The results obtained were as follows:
1. Carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, hydrogen and nitrogen concentrated into liquid phase along with the progress of solidification.
The quantity of it, (in case it was indicated based on the value at a tundish immediately before casting), was as follows: 1.40 times for carbon, 1.10 times for silicon and manganese, 1.50 times for phosphorus and sulphur above 2.00 times for hydrogen and nitrogen
2. In the process of solidification, the total quantity of oxygen in molten steel near the solid-liquid border line showed inclination to decrease with the progress of the solidification.
However, it increased a little when the progress of solidification reached as far as near the sinkhead.
Both Al₂O₃ and MnO were observed to have almost the same tendency as total oxygen and SiO₂ was noticed to have an inclination of a little more concentrating into the liquid phase with the progress of solidification. Content of FeO was almost negligible, being shown no clear variations and generally, the variations of oxygen and oxides were not outstanding.
In general, there existed some relations between the concentration of these elements in the liquid phase during solidification and defects in ingots.

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STUDY ON THE HOT-DUCTILITY OF STEELS (I)

Study on the Hot Twist Test

Tatsuaki Morishima

1958 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 552-559
Published: May 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.44.5_552

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As a method to evaluate hot-ductility of steels, hot twist test was adopted and study on its test was performed.
The design and construction of the testing apparatus, procedure of test and the form of test specimens were described.
Some tests were carried out to confirm the reproducibility, accuracy of test results and availability of this test.
In these tests, the following results were obtained.
(1) The apparatus used showed fairly good reproducibility and accuracy of test results.
(2) This test was proved to be more useful and sensitive to evaluating hot-ductility of steels as compared with other tests such as high temperature tensile or impact test.
Also in this study, the effect of MnS inclusions on hot-ductility of steels was examined.
In addition, by means of this test, some experiments were performed on the hot-ductility of various carbon and alloy steels.

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STUDIES ON DUPLEX GRAIN STRUCTURES OF AUSTENITE (II)

Causes of Formation of Duplex Grain Structures in Steels (Part-2)

Yoshiaki Masuko

1958 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 559-564
Published: May 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.44.5_559

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Already described in the previous report of the same title. (Refer to the Part-1. p. 476, April, 1958 issue of "Tetsu-to-Hagane".)

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STUDY ON CARBIDES IN COMMERCIAL SPECIAL STEELS BY ELECTROLYTIC ISOLATION (V)

On Carbides in Several Cold-working Die Steels

Tomo-o Sato, Taiji Nishizawa, Kousuke Murai

1958 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 565-570
Published: May 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.44.5_565

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The nature of the carbides in several cold-working die steels were studied by the electrolytic isolation, subsequent chemical analysis and X-ray examination, and the following results were obtained:
(1) The carbides in annealed high-C high-Cr die steel are M₇C₃, as reported in the previous paper. (Tetsu-to-Hagané, Vol. 42 (1956) p. 1118) While, the carbides in the steels, modified by the addition of W (3%) or Mo (1%), are principally M₂₃C₆. The high-C high-W die steel contains very large amounts of M₂₃C₆, accompanied some M₆C.
(2) The most of Cr, W and Mo in the annealed steels are tied up in the carbides.
After usual quenching treatment of these steels, the considerable carbides are undissolved in austenite, so that at such a quenching temperature, C, Cr, W and Mo contents of the austenite are less than those of the steel as a whole.
(3) In the course of tempering of these steels, ε anld θ carbides precipitated in martensite change to another special carbides, depending on the time and temperature of tempering. That is, in the high-C high-Cr-W steel, carbide reactions proceed as ε→θ→M₇C₃→M₂₃C₆, and in the high-C high-W steel, as ε→θ→M₆C→M₂₃C₆.

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MORG ÅRDSHAMMARS SYSTEM ROLLING TRAIN -A REVIEW-

Masatoshi Shobu

1958 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 571-582
Published: May 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.44.5_571

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PERMANENT MAGNETS IN RECENT YEARS -A Review-

Noboru Makino

1958 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 583-596
Published: May 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.44.5_583

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On the Atomie Power Generation (II) -Speeial Lecture-

Tasaburo Yamada

1958 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 597-604
Published: May 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.44.5_597

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[title in Japanese]

1958 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 605-610
Published: May 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.44.5_605

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

1958 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 611-616
Published: May 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.44.5_611

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[title in Japanese]

1958 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 617-622
Published: May 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.44.5_617

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[title in Japanese]

1958 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 618-622
Published: May 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.44.5_618

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