Tetsu-to-Hagane

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1971 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1329-1330
Published: July 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.57.8_1329

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Theoretical Analysis of LD Converter Operation by Mathematical Model Considered Scrap-Melting Process

Shigeo ASAI, Iwao MUCHI

1971 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1331-1339
Published: July 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.57.8_1331

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In order to predict the behaviors of process veriables which may be caused by the melting process of scrap fed into LD converter, a mathematical model for the scrap-melting process has been involved into the mathematical model of LD converter proposed by the authors previously, and concerning the relations between the temperature of steel bath and the carbon concentration in molten steel under various operating conditions, numerical calculations have been conducted with the aid of digital computer, and the calculated results of the transitional variations of these two variables have been illustrated on the T-C diagram. From the comparisons of the calculated results with the operating results obtained by the other investigators in LD converter, it may be considered that the model presented in this paper is applicable for the prediction of the behaviors of process variables even in the operations of the comparatively high value of scrap ratio.
Furthermore, an theoretical analysis concerning the effects of the process of scrap melting on the transitional variations of the process variables in the converter has been developed in this paper.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking of 18-8 Austenitic Stainless Steel in Sulfuric Acid

Mitsuo ASAWA

1971 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1340-1349
Published: July 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.57.8_1340

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Weight loss and fracture time measurements of 18-8 stainless steel were performed with 4N H₂SO₄ solution containing sodium halides of various concentrations in the temperature range 25°C-98°C.
Crackings of the tensile specimens occurred within the temperature range 60°C-98°C in the acid solution containing chloride, bromide, or iodide, concentrations of which were about 2×10^-25×10^-1N, 10^-4-10-³N, or 5×10^-6-5×10^-5N respectively. The effect of temperature on the time to fracture caused in the chloride containing solution was identical with that in the iodide containing solution within the temperature range 45×C-98×C and was also identical with that in the bromide containing solution within the temperature range 60×C-80×C. In the acid solution with chloride, applied anodic current made the time to fracture shorter and cathodic current made it longer.
Although observed crackings were closely related to the inhibiting property of halogen ions, yet they may be not stress sorption cracking but stress corrosion cracking, where the halogen ions may act as passivating species on slightly deformed areas and as activating species on heavily deformed areas of the steel. Rate-termining mechanism of these crackings may not change in the temperature range 6×C-80×C.

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On the Determinations of Gases in Iron and Steel by Vacuum Fusion Method Using Graphite Capsule

Yoshihiko ABE, Shintaro TAKAZAWA

1971 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1350-1359
Published: July 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.57.8_1350

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In order to eliminate the disadvantages occured on vacuum fusion method using graphite crucible for determining the gases in iron and steel, the technique using graphite capsule was investigated in this report.
The content of gas in graphite capsule are minimized by previous de-gassing and the following storage in vacuum, so that the oxygen and nitrogen in iron are satisfactorily determined. On the other hand, numerous experiments have been carried out to estimate the effects of the elements dissolved in iron, and the following advantages are detected for the capsule method:
1. The getterings of oxygen and nitrogen by dissolved metals having high vapor pressure do not occur.
2. The gases such as CO₂, COS and SO₂, which are formed in carbon-saturated melt containing S or volatile oxide, are converted into CO.
3. As the formation of viscous melt due to the growth of precipitated graphite in flake form is disturbed, the extraction rate of gas is promoted.
In addition, as the increase in the solubility of gas in the melt does not concern with incomplete degassing of the gas in its melt on wide concentration range of steels, vacuum fusion method using graphite capsule is suitable for a routine analysis of oxygen in commercial steels.

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State Analysis of Small Amount of Aluminium in Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel

Shigeo WAKAMATSU

1971 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1360-1371
Published: July 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.57.8_1360

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A simple and reliable method has been developed for the state analysis of small amount of aluminum in steel. The procedure is as follows: 1. Separation of aluminum compound
(a) The steel sample covered with close-texture filter peper as a diaphragm, connected as an anode, is dissolved into 130ml of 1% NaCl-5% EDTA electrolyte (pH 6-7) with current density of 50mA/cm² for 2hr. Remove the anode, and residue is collected into filter paper using methanol. Add 50ml of 4% iodine methanol solution to the residue and warm at 60× for 30 min.
(b) Filter and wash with methanol. Add 10ml of HNO₃ and 10ml of HClO₄ to the filterate and evaporate to dense white fumes. Cool, dilute to 100ml, and determine aluminum in cementite in accordance with section 2.
(c) Transfer a fifth parts of the electrolyte to a beaker. Add 15ml of HNO₃ and 10ml of HClO₄ and evaporate to dense white fumes. Cool, dilute to 100ml, and determine aluminum as solid solution in accordance with section 2.
(d) Transfer the paper and residue (paragraph (b)) to a beaker, add 30ml of HNO₃ (1: 1) and 5ml of H₂O₂ and boil for 10min.
(e) Filter and wash with water. Add 10ml of HClO₄ to the filterate and evaporate to dense white fumes. Cool, dilute to 100ml, and determine aluminum as AlN in accordance with section 2.
(f) Transfer the paper and residue (paragraph (e)) to a platinum crucible, heat until the carbon is gone. Add 1g of Na₂CO₃ and ignite for 20min at 900 to 1000×C. Cool, dissolve in 30ml of water containing 5m/ of HCl. Add 10m/ of HClO₄ and evaporate to dense white fumes. Cool, dilute to 20ml. Filter through into a 100ml volumetric flask, and wash with water until to the mark, and determine aluminum as oxide in accordance with section 2.
2. Photometric determination of aluminum.
Transfer 5ml of each of the solutions of section 1 (b), (c), (e) and (f) to 50 ml volumetric flasks. To each, add 10 ml of water and 5 ml of 0.1% Eriochrome Cyanine R solution and allow to stand for 2 to 3 min. Add 3 ml of 2% mercaptoacetic acid and 10 ml of buffer solution and dilute to 50 ml. Warm at 80×C for 1min. Cool and measure the absorbance against blank solution at 590 mu.

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Developments of On-Line Ultrasonic Testing Apparatus in Iron and Steel Industries

Hitoshi DOMON

1971 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1372-1384
Published: July 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.57.8_1372

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Practical Application of Microfractography

G. HENRY, L. ROESCH

1971 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1385-1401
Published: July 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.57.8_1385

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Process Analysis of Blast Furnace

Mitsuru TATE

1971 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1402-1414
Published: July 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.57.8_1402

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A View of Recent Automotive Materials in Japan

Makoto OSAWA

1971 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1415-1424
Published: July 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.57.8_1415

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[title in Japanese]

1971 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1425-1431
Published: July 01, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.57.8_1425

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