Tetsu-to-Hagane

Enhancement of Photosynthetic CO₂ Fixation by Marine Phytoplankton with Steelmaking Slag as a Nutrient Source

Mitsutaka HINO

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 381
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_381

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (282K)
Dissolution Behavior of Elements in Steelmaking Slag into Artificial Seawater

Takayuki FUTATSUKA, Kiyoteru SHITOGIDEN, Takahiro MIKI, Tetsuya NAGASA ...

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 382-387
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_382

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Suppression of CO₂ and slag discharged from iron- and steelmaking processes are some of the typical biggest issues for the protection of global environment and sustainable growth of steelmaking industry. Utilization of active phytoplankton propagation will be one of the best options, to stabilize and reduce carbon dioxide with great efficiency.
Inorganic minerals such as C, N, Si, P, and Fe are necessary, for phytoplankton to grow. It is crucial for effective supply of nutrition to understand the dissolution mechanism of elements from steelmaking slags into seawater. At first, the morphology of the precipitated phases in steelmaking slags during cooling period was investigated in the present work. It was continued to compare the dissolution behavior of some elements from steelmaking slags and pure substances such as 4CaO P₂O₅, 3CaO·P₂O₅ and 2CaO·SiO₂-3CaO·P₂O₅ (2.8 mass% P) solid solution phase into artificial seawater for understanding their dissolution possibility.
The dissolution behavior of elements such as phosphorus are strongly dependent of phase present in steelmaking slag. It was confirmed that the dissolution of component in steelmaking slag was observed such that enough amount of nutrition for phytoplankton multiplication can be supplied from steelmaking slag.

View full abstract

Download PDF (5222K)
Consideration of Dissolution Behavior of Elements in Steelmaking Slag Based on Their Stability Diagram in Seawater

Takahiro MIKI, Kiyoteru SHITOGIDEN, Yusuke SAMADA, Tetsuya NAGASAKA, M ...

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 388-392
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_388

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Stability diagrams for Ca, Mg, CO₂, P, Si, Fe and F in seawater have been estimated to understand the dissolution behavior of steelmakingslag constituents into seawater as nutrition for phytoplankton propagation. Dissolution behavior of each element from crystal phase present in steelmaking slags into seawater has been discussed based on the stability diagram. The presence of 4CaO·P₂₂O₅phase in steelmaking slag is preferred for effective phosphorus dissolution into seawater. Increase of pH value by Ca elution and buffering action of Mg in seawater against it have been clearly explained by using stability diagram. Elution behavior of environmentally restricted elements from steelmaking slag into seawater was also estimated. It was confirmed that stability diagram was a powerful tool to understand dissolution behavior of steelmaking slag.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1217K)
Dissolution Behavior of Nutrients, Metal Elements and Fluorines from Steelmaking Slag to the Sea Water

Hitoshi NAKATA, Manabu YAMAUCHI, Yoshiaki MORINISHI, Kaoru MASUDA

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 393-400
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_393

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

For the purpose of reducing CO₂ contents in the atmosphere, one of the solution is said to grow the biomass of phytoplankton by it's photosynthesis, that is enhances it's biological pump. When steelmaking slag is applied to the sea, the nutrient like phosphate and silicate, and ferrous ion as a micro nutrient, which is indispensable for the growth of phytoplankton, especially diatoms, is considered to be supplied sufficiently.
This time, large tank test adding steelmaking slag was carried out, and increase behavior of phytoplankton was investigated. And at the same time, the behavior of various kinds of chemical elements which dissolves from steelmaking slag to the sea water examined in detail.
The results show that contamination problems from the steelmaking slag which was applied to this experiment cannot be recognized. Behavior of dissolved element is compared to some experimental systems, for example, large tank test and beaker test etc., using analytical model. Furthermore, three dimensional simulation of dissolved nutrients from steelmaking slag was also investigated.

View full abstract

Download PDF (3452K)
Logistic Study on CO₂ Sequestration Using Steelmaking Slags

Shigeaki TONOMURA, Satoshi TABUCHI

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 401-406
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_401

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The kinetic study on the CO₂ sequestration using the steelmaking slags are executed. Optimum feeding rate of slag must be determined by taking into account the plankton multiplication and the mass balance. Based on this kinetics, feasibility study of CO₂ sequestration by steelmaking slag, especially from logistic view point, is carried out, and the cost of this process is compared and discussed with conventional chemical absorption method.

View full abstract

Download PDF (991K)
Dispersion of Low Density Fine Particles Falling in Still Liquid

Atsushi HIRAYAMA, Manabu IGUCHI

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 407-414
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_407

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

A model study was carried out to understand the dispersion of slag particles in the sea, which were introduced onto its surface as a nutritional source for CO₂ fixation with marine phytoplankton multiplication. A mixture of water and fine particles was introduced onto the surface of a water bath using an acrylic pipe. The fine particles were used to decrease the falling velocity to a very low level. The behavior of them in the bath was observed with a CCD camera and a high-speed video camera. They dispersed suddenly on the bath surface just after the attachment of the mixture to the bath surface due to the surface tension force. The falling patterns of them were depended on the initial concentration of the mixture and basically classified into three types. The dispersion in the horizontal direction became greatest at a certain initial concentration. An optimum initial concentration therefore exists for uniform dispersion of fine particles in the bath.

View full abstract

Download PDF (14923K)
Availability of Steelmaking Slag as a Source of Essential Elements for Phytoplankton

Koichi ARITA, Yasuyuki UMIGUCHI, Akira TANIGUCHI

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 415-421
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_415

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Steelmaking slag contains essential elements for growth of marine phytoplankton, such as iron, phosphorus and silicon. If these elements can be available for phytoplankton in seawater, the slag can be used as a fertilizer in marine environment. In this study, growth rates of the marineplanktonic diatom Thalassiosira guillardii were determined under enrichment with the slag to confirm the availability of these elements in seawater. The medium used in the growth experiments was a modified ESAW medium, in which a powdered decarburization steelmaking slag was added. The growth response of the diatom was determined by changed in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence. The results suggest that the decarburization steelmaking slag can be an effective source of nutrients for marine phytoplankters.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1476K)
Availability of Elements Originated from Steelmaking Slag for Phytoplankton Enriched Simultaneously with Treated Urban Sewage

Koichi ARITA, Yasuvuki UMIGUCHI, Akira TANIGUCHI

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 422-429
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_422

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Availability of the elements originated from decarburization steelmaking slag, such as iron, phosphorus and silicon, was confirmed in the previous part of this paper. However, the slag does not contain nitrogen. On the other hand, treated urban sewage is rich in ammonic nitrogen, while relatively poor in phosphorus. In this part, combined effect of the slag and the sewage on growth of the marine planktonic diatom Thalassiosira guillardii was tested. Media used in the growth experiments were modified ESAW media, in which the powdered slag and/or the sewage were/was added. Growth response of the diatom was determined by changed in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence. The results obtained suggest that, although the combined effect is usually significant, the availability of the elements can sometime be reduced under a certain experimental condition.

View full abstract

Download PDF (2250K)
Effect of Simultaneous Enrichment of Dephosphorization Steelmaking Slag and Treated Municipal Sewage on Growth of Coastal Phytoplankton Assemblage

Koichi HARAGUCHI, Akira TANIGUCHI

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 430-437
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_430

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Human activities have increased an input of nitrogen to coastal waters. Hyper nitrogenous and phosphorous limiting condition induces red tides of harmful algae which can vitally grown on a wide variety of phosphorous compounds. Environmental quality there is then reduced by altered phytoplankton composition. We hypothesize that such hyper nitrogenous condition can be turned into healthy eutrophic condition, where desirable phytoplankton assemblage can grow, by use of a steelmaking slag as a source of phosphate and silicate. We examined the effect of enrichment of the dephosphorization slag on a natural phytoplankton assemblage in the hyper nitrogenous water with treated municipal sewage. The enrichment enhanced phytoplankton growth particularly of diatoms, such as Skeletonema costatum, while excess enrichment (200 mg/l) suppressed phytoplankton growth probably due to pH increase and/or ammonia toxicity (un-ionized NH₃ form) appeared under increasing pH. These results indicate that slag enrichment would be effective at lower dose to avoid pH increase. Although 20 mg/l slag and 20% sewage was confirmed to be the best dose at 10°C, the dose should be reduced during summer since the percent NH₃ increases with temperature.

View full abstract

Download PDF (2412K)
Phytoplankton Response to the Enrichment with Steelmaking Slags Observed in Large-volume Outdoor Tanks: Changes of Physicochemical Conditions and Chlorophyll Increase

Yasue NAKAMURA, Tomoki SATO, Kiyoteru SHITOGIDEN, Yoshihisa SAITO, Hit ...

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 438-445
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_438

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Responses of phytoplankton to the enrichment with steelmaking slags, de-Si and de-P slags, were determined by culture experiment in largvolume outdoor tanks. In the first series, chlorophyll-a concentration attained its maximum on the 11th or 12th day, whereas on the 4th or 5th day in the second series. After the maximum, cultures became nitrogen limiting in every treatment, indicating that both de-Si and de-P slags cannot supply nitrogen while phosphate and silicate can be supplied. Change in size composition was also observed for phytoplankton enriched with slags: larger fraction (> 10 μm) became dominant over smaller fraction (< 10 μm). These results indicate that elements such as P, Si and Fe released from the slags are available for phytoplankton.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1934K)
Phytoplankton Response to the Enrichment with Steelmaking Slags Observed in Large-volume Outdoor Tanks: Change of a Phytoplankton Assemblage in Abundance and Taxonomic Composition

Yasue NAKAMURA, Akira TANIGUCHI

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 446-453
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_446

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

In two series of the culture experiments to observe responses of a natural phytoplankton assemblage to enrichment with different steelmaking slags, de-Si slag and de-P slag temporal change of the assemblage in abundance and taxonomic composition was recorded. Phytoplankton chlorophyll a and abundance of diatoms attained their maxima on the 13th day in the first series, whereas on the 5th day in the second series. Among diatoms Skeletonema costatum was benefited most strikingly by the enrichments, particularly with the de-P slag. After the maxima, phytoplankton and diatoms as well readily decreased without forming a stationary state. Such a rapid initiation of decrease might be cased by the following three reasons, which were not directly caused by the slag enrichment. 1) Grazing by microheterotrophs such as amoebae, 2) physiological death caused by severe nitrogen depletion, and 3) sinking accelerated by coagulation with, fibrous exudate and filamentous bacteria.

View full abstract

Download PDF (7599K)
Fundamental Properties of Blocks which Set Steel Slag by Hydration Reaction and Biofouling Build-up Properties on Exposure to Marine Environment

Hisahiro MATSUNAGA, Masato TAKAGI, Fumio KOGIKU

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 454-460
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_454

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Block without cement and natural aggregates has been developed from steel slag, and its applicability to marine structure has been investigated. The slag block has the following feature: (1) Similar-manufacturing process to conventional concrete can be used. (2) It has sufficient strength to adapt the standard of marine concrete. (3) It has excellent abrasion resistance characteristics. (4) The lower rate of dissolution of alkaline elements in soaking seawater. (5) The biofouling growth on slag block was significantly more than that on the concrete block in the intertidal area at Mizushima Port in the Inland Sea. This was true both with respect to the total biomass of biofouling organisms as well as the number of species.

View full abstract

Download PDF (3445K)
Development of Fishing Block Using EAF Refining Slag

Hirohiko SASAMOTO, Akira TSUBONE, Yasuhiko KAMIYA, Kazuya SANO

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 461-465
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_461

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The steel-making slag in the EAF industry is generated 3.2 million t/year in the Japanese whole as a waste. The most of the steel-making slag are aging, and are used as a roadbed material. But, recently those futures are very severe situation by the rivalry with the use of construction waste materials. Therefore that promoted the theme of the development of the fishing block using refining slag', because it was a pressing need to aim for high value added-ization in the above now.
It found out the following as that result.
(1) The block which made the ATK cement mixed plaster with refining slag powder have a good properties as a base material.
(2) The leaching of the iron ion was effective in the growth of the marine organisms, and it could get a good result by this iron ion being leached, when oxidizing slag was applied to the fishing block.
(3) CO₂ emission in Portland cement manufacture doesn't only become a "zero", but also this block fixes CO₂ through the marine organism's growth, and it can be said as the effective block from viewpoint of a decrease in CO₂.

View full abstract

Download PDF (4949K)
Development of a Diatoms Feeding System for the Rehabilitation of Pearl Oysters

Norikazu HIROSE, Shigeru MONTANI

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 466-471
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_466

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Mortality on a mass scale in pearl oyster farming has been considered a serious problem in Japan since 1996, due to food shortage and resulting infection. The authors have developed a diatoms feeding system for pearl oysters to alleviate this. A study was conducted to inhibit the problem and tries to increase and maintain diatoms density by supplementing diatoms for pearl oysters in a rehabilitation water tank in Uwajima, Ehime Prefecture from the spring to summer of 1999 and 2000.
The results show that the diatom density, feces excretion of the pearl oysters and feeding volume uptake were all higher in the rehabilitation water tank compared to outside in the sea. The system improved on the food shortage condition. There is potential here for the prevention of mass mortalities in pearl oysters using the system.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1556K)
Marine Brown Algal Polysaccharides and β-glucan Lytic Enzyme, β-1, 3-glucanase

Masahiro HATA

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 472-474
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_472

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Marine brown algal polysaccharides, especially, fucoidans and laminaran have many biological activities (anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antiviral, and antitumoral). These biological activity related to structure, linkage of sugar residues, sulfate content, position of sulfate and molecular size. Shorter bioactive polymer (higher oligomer) could be obtained by enzymatic depolymerization process. Lytic enzyme β-1, 3-glucanases hydrolyze laminaran

View full abstract

Download PDF (695K)
Biological Activity of the Polysaccharide Produced by the Marine Phytoplankton Porphyridium sp. and Additive Effect of Slag on the Polysaccharide Production

Hiroko SAKAMOTO, Hideyuki TORADA, Kentaro GOTO, Yasue NAKAMURA, Toshik ...

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 475-481
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_475

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Marine phytoplankton Porphyridium sp. produced and secreted a mucilaginous polysaccharide in the incubation medium. The polysaccharide production was enhanced by the addition of slag at proper concentration. This polysaccharide showed a moderate mitogen activity, similar to dextran sulfate but lower than concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide. Polysaccharide was found to have antitumor activity against Sarcoma 180 inoculated in the peritoneal cavity of ddY mice.

View full abstract

Download PDF (3860K)
Release of Phosphorus and Silicon from Steelmaking Slag and Their Effects on Growth of Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages

Tamiji YAMAMOTO, Masami SUZUKI, Seok Jin OH, Osamu MATSUDA

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 482-488
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_482

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Some coastal seas in post-industrialized countries are in the process of oligotrophication as a consequence of a rapid reduction in the load of certain nutrients such as phosphorus. Much worse is that this can sometimes be accompanied by noxious phytoplankton blooms due to an imbalance in the elemental ratio in seawater. Oligotrophication also leads to a reduced fishery production through a decrease in primary production and a change in community structure of the ecosystem. Slag produced as a waste bi-product during steelmaking, contains significant amounts of phosphorus and silicon. Both phosphorus and silicon form nutrient salts, phosphate and silicate, which enhance the growth of marine phytoplankton. Experimental studies were carried out to measure both the release of phosphate and silicate from steelmaking slag, and the increase of the growth rate of natural marine phytoplankton assemblages from this release. The appropriate concentration of slag addition for the growth of phytoplankton was considered to be around 100 mgl^-1 among the concentrations set in the present study, because sufficient growth was not obtained with 50 mg l^-1, and sharp increase in pH with 500 mgl^-1 addition inhibited the growth of phytoplankton. Diatom was the taxonomic group dominated in cell numbers after the addition of the slag. Silicate released from the slag appeared to support the growth of this group. In the group of diatoms, the growth response was different for individual species, suggesting that the species which will appear as a result of slag addition could be controlled with the characteristic and amount of slag applied. Discussion is made on the importance of controlling the coastal seas to conserve the precious coastal marine ecosystems as we have done so in rural areas of terrestrial ecosystems where human and nature coexist.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1753K)
Evaluation and Management for the Sustainable Production of Fishery Products

Yoshiharu NAKAMURA

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 489-493
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_489

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Several problems concerning the relationship between the demand and supply of fishery products in Japan are outlined in this study. Interactions between ecological functions of the coastal areas known as fishing grounds, and four fishery production processes (the cultivation fishery, the resource management type fishery, the coastal fishing ground development practice, mariculture) are summarized. In addition, this study describes the framework of the technical combination surrounding fishery researches. From views of fisheries that are responsible for the stable supply of safe fishery products, the ecologically compatibility production method is structured into three types (the symbiosis type, the compatible type, the conservation type). Ecological explanations are also provided to describe each type of the method. Further, management objectives and standards are proposed for the sustainable fishery production by effectively utilizing structural characteristics of an ecosystem, and notable issues raised at production settings are outlined. Lastly, a functional evaluation model necessary as a guideline for the protection of fishing environments and for the sustainable production is classified and roles of the model are summarized.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1305K)
Proposal for the Use of Steelmaking Slag for Remediation of Coastal Marine Ecosystems

Tamiji YAMAMOTO

2003 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 494-496
Published: April 01, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.4_494

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (786K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!