Tetsu-to-Hagane

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1966 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 921-922
Published: June 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.52.6_921

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Theoretical Consideration on Coke Ratio of the Blast Furnace Operation

Studies for the improvement in the blast furnace practice-I

Fumitada NAKATANI, Tetsuya MUKAI, Fumio NAKAMURA

1966 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 923-946
Published: June 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.52.6_923

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It is an obvious misinterpretation that GRÜNER'S theory-the unconditionally dominant position of indirect reduction-has been believed to be correct.
In this report, the authors criticized the previous theories and established a new one on Coke (or Carbon) Ratio in the blast furnace operation.
Three following conditions should at least be satisfied in order that the blast furnace operation can be performed, that is to say, the conditions of mass balance, gas-solid equilibrium and thermal balance.
We can express the reducing reaction of iron are in the blast furnace by the equation, FeOn+X₁C+X₂CO=Fe+CO+xCO+yCO₂ (1)
Giving top gas ratio (γ=x/y=CO/CO₂), X₂=an and the rate in fraction of direct reduction (D. R), then the required carbon (X₁+X₂) is shown as follows:
X₁×X₂=n (1+γ)(1-D.R) kg atom C/kg atom Fe (2)
where, n is the rate of kg atom Oxygen per kg atom Iron in the burden.
Supposing iron are only consists of pure hematite, accordingly n=1.50, then the required carbon can be calculated by substituting the values of γ and D.R. into the equation (2).
Carbon ratio expressed by the equation (2) from point of view of carbon balance must be limited in consideration of gas-solid equilibrium and thermal balance. We investigated in detail these conditions, considered “Carbon Ratio Curved Surface” in the blast furnace operation and then decided its limitation.
And we showed clearly that the attainable limitation when the furnace operation was performed ideally was about D.R 39% and γ 0.95, then carbon ratio gained was about 410kg per ton pig at blast temperature 1000°C.
Therefore, the furnace operation should be performed at as near the value mentioned above as possible.
After all, the equation (2) shows decreasing coke ratio of blast furnace operation with increasing D.R at constant γ and decreasing γ at constant D.R.
We showed also the Equal Carbon Ratio Curve quantitatively.
It can be concluded that we should abandon the idea of giving the unconditionally dominant position to indirect reduction and pay attention to direct reduction which plays an important part in the blast furnace.

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Interaction between Solute Elements at Any Given Concentration in Homogeneous Multicomponent Solution

Toshisada MORI, Akira MORO-OKA

1966 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 947-958
Published: June 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.52.6_947

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The general relationship between activities and activity coefficients based on Raoultian and Henrian reference states at any given concentration was derived and the relationship among concentration quotients of solute activity at constant concentration and at constant concentration ratio was also derived.
WAGNER type theoretical series expansion is valid at any concentrated solution, and Taylor series expansion using the interaction parameters at constant concentration ratio is also possible. The conversion equations between several kinds of interaction parameters valid at any given concentration in a multicomponent solution were derived by the aid of Gibbs-Duhem equation and Maxwell cross differentials.
In a ternary system 1-2-3, the following relations were obtained at any given concentration:
where γ(or f) is the activity coefficient in mole fraction basis (or in weight percent basis), N (or X) is the mole fraction (or weight percent), M is the atomic weight and the underscript signifies the component to be kept constant. It was also shown that the interaction parameter at constant mole fraction ratio β(j) i=β(i) j is valid at the condition N_i=N_j, and from this it follows that δlnγ1/δN₂=δnγ₂/δN₁at N₁=N₂=0.5 in a binary solution. A discussion was made concerning the solution ironnickel as an example.

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The Deoxidation with Titanium in Liquid Iron

Hirotaka CHINO, Yasushi NAKAMURA, Eiichi TSUNETOMI, Kiyoshi SEGAWA

1966 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 959-966
Published: June 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.52.6_959

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The interrelations among titanium, oxygen in liquid iron and deoxidation products at 1550°, 1600° and 1650*deg;C were studied.
In this experiment, two effective techniques were developed. One is the use of a thermocouple protected from high frequency interference by an Mo tube inserted for the automatic temperature control and measurement. The other is the application of the Peeling method for the sampling of the deoxidation products for identification.
The following results were obtained.
(1) Primary deoxidation products:
Corresponding the contents of titanium in liquid iron, a few kinds of the primary deoxidation products were identified as follows.
Ti₃O₅ (anosovite): 0.001<[%Ti]<0.2
Ti₂O₃ (α-Al₂O₃ type): 0.2<[%Ti]<2
At higher titanium contents TiO seems to be produced.
(2) Deoxidation equilibrium constant:
In the range of 0.001 to 0.1% Ti and at 1550 to 1650, the reaction was as follows.Ti₃O₅ (s) =3Ti+5O log K′=-41, 470/T+3.40

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Recent Development on the Isolation of Inclusions (Precipitates) in Steel

Kiyoshi SEGAWA

1966 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 967-980
Published: June 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.52.6_967

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Development in Recent Steel-Making Technology in Japan

Toshiro INOUE

1966 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 981-988
Published: June 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.52.6_981

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Development of Installation and Technique in Wire Rod Mill

Kokichi ASADA

1966 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 989-1000
Published: June 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.52.6_989

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Properties of Pure Iron Deformed by Impact Tension

Seita SAKUI, Yoshiro KOYASU

1966 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 1001
Published: June 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.52.6_1001

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[title in Japanese]

1966 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 1002-1005
Published: June 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.52.6_1002

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[title in Japanese]

1966 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 1006
Published: June 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.52.6_1006

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[title in Japanese]

1966 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 1008-1009
Published: June 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.52.6_1008

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