Tetsu-to-Hagane

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1974 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 323-324
Published: March 01, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.60.3_323

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Effects of Carbon, Cobalt, Nickel, Silicon, Titanium, and Vanadium on the Activity Coefficient of Manganese in Liquid Iron Alloy

Kusuhiro MUKAI, Akio UCHIDA

1974 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 325-336
Published: March 01, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.60.3_325

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A modified closed chamber method has been applied to determine the effect of the alloying element on the activity coefficient of manganese in liquid iron alloy. The results obtained are summarised as follows:
(1) Interaction parameter e_Mn^(X) in liquid iron alloy at 1570°C:
The value of e_Mn^(C) is in fairly good agreement with those of previous investigators obtained by a different method.
(2) Enthalpy coefficient h_Mn^(X) and entropy coefficient s_Mn^(X) defined by Chipman et al. are obtained for X=C and Si as follows:
(3) In consideration of the large discrepancy in e_Mn^(SI)'s of the present authors and previous investigators, it is shown that H₂-H₂O method has a possibility of making considerable errors by the effects of hydrogen, oxygen, and SiO in determination of e_O^(O), e_SI^(SI), and e_O^(SI), which were used to obtain e_SI^(Mn) by the previous investigators.
(4) A regular periodic relation is found between the interaction parameter ε_Mn^(X) and atomic number of the alloying element X.
(5) The interaction parameter εe_Mn^(X) shows a tendency to decrease with increasing the effective number of free electron n_{x, eff} of the alloying element X.

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Behavior of Si in the Deoxidation of Molten Iron with Al-Si Alloys

Takaji KUSAKAWA, Chisato YOSHIDA

1974 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 337-347
Published: March 01, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.60.3_337

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The deoxidation process of Al-Si alloys, which was consisted of 5 stages, was obtained through the experimental results in stirring and quasistatic liquid iron. The behavior of Si at the addition period of deoxidizer, formation period of Al₂O₃ inclusion, and reoxidation period was especially important.
So these complex deoxidation effects were investigated by further experiments.
The experimental results are summarized as follows.
(1) At the addition period of deoxidizer, the dispersion and transfer of Al-Si alloy into molten iron is better than that of Al or Si deoxidizer. This is due to the effect of Si in the deoxidizer and its first stage behavior is the same as that of Ca-Si alloy.
(2) The formation of Al₂O₃ cluster is retarded considerably when Si is remained in molten iron as soluble Si. This behavior is discussed through the measurement of the interfacial energy between molten iron and Al₂O₃ inclusion.
(3) On the reoxidation period, the total oxygen content is kept low for a long time while soluble Si is remained in molten iron.

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Bubble Formation from Single Nozzles in Liquid Metals

Masamichi SANO, Kazumi MORI

1974 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 348-360
Published: March 01, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.60.3_348

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Studies have been made on the formation of bubbles in mercury and in liquid silver by using the single nozzle facing upward. Nozzles used in the experiments are of the sizes 0.22-0.82cm in O. D. and 0.10-0.30cm in I. D. The gas chamber volume V_c and the gas flow rate V_g are varied from 0.15 to 200cc and from 0.0167 to 70cc/ sec, respectively. The size of bubbles is determined from the frequency of bubble formation and the gas flow rate.
A table is presented to show the effects of V_c and V_g on the size of bubbles. The size of bubbles found experimentally is compared with that calculated from theoretical or experimental equations obtained for wetted nozzles. The experimental values of bubble size do not agree with the values calculated using the inner diameter of the nozzle. On the other hand, when the non-wettability of the nozzles in liquid metals is taken into account and the outer diameters are adopted as the nozzle diameters in the equations, a close agreement between the experimental and the calculated results is obtained. Thus, it is shown that the quantitative estimation of the size of bubbles from a single nozzle in liquid metals is possible.

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Kinetics of Decarburization of Liquid Iron in Ar-CO-CO₂ Atmospheres

Hiroyuki NOMURA, Kazumi MORI, Yoshiyasu SHIROTA

1974 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 361-371
Published: March 01, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.60.3_361

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The present paper deals with a kinetic study of decarburization of liquid iron in Ar-CO-CO₂atmospheres at 1600°C. The study has been especially devoted to determining therate-controlling step at low carbon contents of the melt.
At concentrations of carbon highr than 0.02-0.05 %, the rate of decarburization is controlled primarily by gaseous mass transfer.
At concentrations of carbon lower than 0.02-0.05 %, the rate of decarburization no longer depends on the gas flow rate, if it is higher than 1300cc/min. The rate-co, ntrolling step of decarburization under this condition varies according to the composition of Ar-CO-CO₂.
Chemical reaction becomes important in rate-controlling mechanism as the partial pressure of Ar or CO in the gas mixture increases, while mass transfer of carbon becomes important as the partial pressure of CO₂ increases.
In the range of chemical reaction control, the experimental reasults are explained reasonably by the model based on the simultaneous reactions: CO₂+C←/→2CO, CO₂←/→CO+O, C+O←/→CO.
In the range of mass transfer control, the value of mass transfer coefficient of carbon is the same as that for the decarburization by CO-CO₂ and Ar-CO₂.It is concluded that the mechanism of decarburization by CO-CO₂ and Ar-CO₂, previously studied, can be explained on the basis of the present study.

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Electron Microscope Study of the Tempered Martensite and the Bainite in 5% Ni-0.5 ro Mo Steels

Akio KAMADA, Noriaki KOSHIZUKA, Tokushi FUNAKOSHI

1974 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 372-385
Published: March 01, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.60.3_372

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Electron microscopy were made to examine the structural features of the tempered martensite and the isothermally transformed bainite produced in 5%Ni-0.5%Mo steels with the following varibles; austenite grain size (fine and coarse) and carbon content (0.15 and 0.30%).
The tempered martensite and the lower bainite were found to be composed of the lath packet of single orientation the lath packet of mixed orientation and the large martensite or bainite. Lowering of carbon content or coarsening of austenite grain size was found to cause the increase of lath width in the martensites. While the characteristic side-by-side growth of bainite lath was found to be dominant mode in the lower and upper bainite transformed from the fine-grained austenite of 0.15%C steel, the lower bainite from the fine-grained austenite of 0.3%C steel was composed of lath bundles randomly nucleated and the upper bainite were granular. The lower and upper bainites from coarse-grained austenites were considerably different from those from fine-grained austenites; the initial austenite grains were partitioned by the networks of straight lath packets which enclosed several massive bainite. The transition from lower bainite to upper bainite, which occurred at 350°C for those of 0.3%C steel and 400°C for those of 0.15%C steel, caused a drastic increase in both lath width and carbides size.

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Structural and Magnetic Properties of Unidirectionally Solidified Fe-Fe₂Ti Eutectic Alloys

Kazunori TOKORO, Yasuo KIMURA

1974 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 386-396
Published: March 01, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.60.3_386

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Structures and magnetic properties of Fe-Fe₂Ti eutectic alloys containing 11, 16 and 18 wt%Ti respectively and those of unidirectionally solidified Fe-16 wt%Ti alloy have been investigated.
As the result of magnetic analysis, Fe-Fe₂Ti eutectic alloys consists of two ferromagnetic α-Fe andFe_2+xTi_1-x phases (λ>0). The Curie temperature of the former is 780°C and that of the latter is around 100-135°C, depending on Ti content in alloys and heat treatment condition. It seems that the Ti content of Fe_2+xTi_1-x; in Fe-Fe_2+xTi_1-x eutectic alloys, annealed at 1 000°C for 1 hour, is around 29 at% by magnetic measurement.
The structure of unidirectionally solidified Fe-16 wt%Ti alloy has the lamellar or rod-like Fe_2+xTi_1-x phase in matrix of α-Fe phase. The results of metallography, X-ray diffraction and powder patterns indicate that a great part of ‹0001› of Fe_2+x, Ti_1-x phase and ‹100› of α-Fe phase are parallel to the crystal growth direction on the crystallographic orientations of both phases. Similarly, the magnetic properties of unidirectionally solidified alloy show anisotropy depending on solidification rates. The magnetic anisotropy for this unidirectionally solidified eutectic alloy may be mainly caused by crystal anisotropy of Fe_2+xTi_1-x phase and shape anisotropy of α-Fe phase by magnetic torque measurement up to 285°C.

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Spectrochemical Analysis of Stainless Steel Chips

Tomoo TAKAHARI, Yoshihiro YAMAMOTO, Masanobu HAMAMOTO

1974 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 397-401
Published: March 01, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.60.3_397

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A report is given the method for preparing the sample with stainless steel chips from lath (Kieseling) machine for spectrochemical analysis of stainless bloom. Each stainless steel chip was needed to be embedded some material to remove oil and scale from the surface with belt grinder. Lead and tin were most suitable materials for embedding the chips because no interfering elements for the analysis of stainless steel were contained in them. Procedure of the preparation of the sample was as follows;
Aluminum ring (diameter 25mm) was put into die of briquetting press and was filled with granule lead or tin. The stainless steel chip was cut into 24mm×20mm and was put on the lead or tin and then was pressed with 20 tons. The briquetting sample could be grinded and was suitable for spectrochemical analysis.
After the analysis, the stainless steel chip was easily removed from briquetting lead or tin by wrench both side of the sample with a pair of pinchers or pliers.
By this procedure, the analytical results were obtained within 6 minutes and good accuracy and reproducibility were obtained.

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On the Load Cell for Rolling Mills

Ryoichi KAWASAKI

1974 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 402-409
Published: March 01, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.60.3_402

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Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels

Iwao MATSUSHIMA

1974 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 410-426
Published: March 01, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.60.3_410

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Recent Progress in Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steels and High Nickel Alloys

Masamichi KOWAKA

1974 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 427-449
Published: March 01, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.60.3_427

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[title in Japanese]

1974 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 450-458
Published: March 01, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.60.3_450

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1974 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages N41-N42
Published: March 01, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: October 12, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.60.3_N41

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