Masakazu Nakai, a vice chief librarian, endeavored at the establishment of The National Diet Library from 1948 to 1952. Based on the deep thoughts as an aesthetician, he wrote the library theory. He emphasized in his theory that the library should advance to from concept of substance to concept of function, and also instructed in it surely the future of library would develop with the penetrating social cognition.

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The purpose of this article is to propose a plan integrating library science, documentation or information retrieval and information processing (or formation) which include data processing.
First, we analyse the structure of “Information”, and categorize it. There we find “Information energy”, “Information material”, and “Information content” which is to be analysed in semantics (or pragmatics) rather than in syntax.
Second, we propose the “Integrated Information management” which clarify information demands (primary input), process primary documents or information energy as secondary input (e.g. sound waves), and disseminate the output information to the clientile.
Third, there are “Document retrieval” which output the information materials, “Reference retrieval” which output the reference information (index, abstract, citation, etc), “Fact retrieval” which output the data or fact. They are colled “Information retrieval.”
Forth, we categorize the Information management into “static or passive” “question-answering” and “dynamic or self-adaptive”.

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As actual library requirments in University establishment are imperfect and faulty, each university library national, public, and private make the points of improvement, and they endevor to improve themselves.
1965.3.31, New draft of requirments (plan) was announced by Educational Dept. but it was not new content but condence of the points of improvement of each University library circles.

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The appearance of “Communication Theory” by C. Shannon and “Cybernetics” by N. Wiener influenced all phases of society. Librarianship was no exception. The relation between the communication theory and Librarianship may be considered as follows: 1)In general, both are concerned with the communication of information and thus stand on the same basis. 2) From the standpoint of their essential theme and character they have nothing in common. 3) In the matter of application, however, librarianship has been much benefited by the introduction of this communication theory. It will form a basic department in the study of Librarianship.

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I had pronounced my reports on the 10th meeting of the Society of Library Science in Japan.
This title was “Some problems the Private University Faced”. And it contained next subjects as followed.
　1. Position of the University Library.
　2. Board Role of University on the educational fieled.
　3. Personal Conditions.
　4. Material Condition.
　5. Originality of the Private University and it’s Limits.
At this time, I tried to compare with the Institutional Standard for University and College library.
The Preparation of the Standards for University Library in Japan Daigaku-Toshokan-Kijun 1952 (the Ministry of Education).
　1. The points of improvement on the National University Library, in Japan, Kokuritsu-Daigaku-Toshokan-Kaizen-yoko, 1953 (the Ministry of Education).
　2. The points of improvement on the Private University Library, in Japan, Shiritsu-Daigaku-Toshokan-Kaizen-yoko, 1961 (The Association of the Private University Library).
　3. Preparation of the Standards for College Library, 1959 (ACRL)
　4. The brief clauses of the Private University Library Operation, 1963, in Japan Shiritsu-Daigaku-Toshokan-unei-Yoko (The Association of the Private University in Japan).
　5. Standards for College and University Libraries, 1964 (The Library Association of China).
　6. The main Institution of University Library, in Japan, Daigaku-Toshokan-Setcchi-Kijun, 1965 (the Ministry of Education).

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I Period of the Severe Penalty (1868~1890)
The feudal age in Japan, what is called Shongunate era was overthrown in 1868. The Meiji restoration made a new start. However, the feudal vestiges were stubbornly remain in the prison. Severe punishment had yet been done generally. Therefore the activity of the prison libraries were poor.
II Period of the Prison Reform (1891~1920)
The revision of a disadvantage treaty between foreign countries and Japan has been taken a long time. Japanese government and people desired eagerly to be succeeded its revision.
Prison reform was also required. Dr. Shigejiro Ogawa, the chief member of the prison bureau, accomplished his purpose with the support of the nation.
He has been ordered to go Germany for studies of the prison law. He legislated the prison law following the examples of German prison law. The feature of Japanese prison law as well as German’s was to put the prisoners in solitude and gave the ethical correction to the prisoners. In those days, the prison libraries gave them moral and religeous materials, and few vocational books.
III Period of the Fducational Penalty (1921~1945)
Dr. Eiichi Makino has developed the idea of “Zweckstrafe” of von Liszt. His theory is called “Theory of Educational Penalty”. He brought up many famous men from his tuition. Especially, Dr. Akira Masaki, the chief member of the correctional. bureau, achieved various revision with the theory of educational penalty. The prison libraries prepared many edifying books in addition to ethical materials. In 1940, there were 580,000 volumes in the prison libraries of Japan.
IV Period after II World War (1946~)
After II World War, America influenced to Japan in many points. Libraries in Japan have been advanced by American system. Prison Libraries were also developed remarkably. The hereditary heads of the educational section (Mr. Umeda, Mr. Kikuchi and Mr. Soejima) contributed constantly to prison libraries and many famous librarians supported their work cooperately.
On the other hand, the special library of correction has been built by Dr. Masaki. The correctional museum is now establishing by Mr. Akazuka.

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The cataloging rules on books are regulated minutely, but about the entry on the periodical indexes there is not an authorized regulation. Therefore I compared and examined the Periodical Index by National Diet Library with Indexes of Wilson co., U.S.A. and others.
1. Should an essay be entered under the author, or under the title? Under the same subject heading, it seems better to enter under the author from a common-sense standpoint. In National Diet Library it is done so, but contrarily about the cases of Wilson Co. and the others all are entered under the title.
2. In the case of indicating the ordinal number of the same title of one essay which has been appeared on several continuing numbers, N.D.L. indicates as follows:
pt. 1=-1-, pt. 2＝-2-
3. About the journal there are the columns of explanations, data sheets, a report of the new product, etc., therefore, it is necessary to note one by one.
etc.

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The writer analized the present condition of library activities in broadcasting industry-NHK and commercial broadcasting.
As a conclusion, the writer points out that although broadcasting libraries are behind other special libraries in their activities, a new plan, for example, Material Center for Commercial Broadcasting and library cooperation between NHK and National Association of Commercial Broadcastors are developing.

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Many people have recently come to go abroad easily since 1964 when the prohibition of money transfer was revoked between Japan and foreign countries. The Japanese tourists who arrived in Paris in the year 1964 was reported to be about thirty thousand, and in 1965 the number amounted to fifty thousand.
The libraries should offer assistance to those tourists by doing reference services on the books which will give them useful informations and will make their trip more valuable and interesting.
I have collected such books, and now my collection numbers 184 including a book published in 1917. I think many of them are very useful for the people who are going abroad, to make preparations or to get various informations beforehand. The people who want to have an after-study or who want to have a detailed retrospection may look in some of these books, seeking the vivid pictures or the descriptive or critical articles either scientific, aesthetic or social.
I believe that a comprehensive subject catalogue of my collection will offer some help. I am sorry that the given space allows me only to present an outlined catalogue.

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The Public Library Policy in Japan is not intended for drawing out a picture of a model library based on democratic principles, and thus to point out the gaps between this ideal library and actually existing libraries.
The analysis has first started with the studies on the actual status of public library utilization. All the actual forms of utilization can be classified under certain types, which are in accordance with specific policies.
The favourable conditions to encourage western styled democratic utilization of public libraries are not ready in Japan yet. Daily program includes such activities as to establish and conduct the readers' groups, to organize the readers' groups, to increase the number of utilizers by means of mobil operation, etc.
The connecting point of a public library and a citizen should finally be at his home, and library activities have to be developed to this extent.
　1) Ideas Underlying the Public Library Policy.
　2) Significance of Library Utilization.
　3) Drawbacks and Stimulations to Promote Library Utilization.
　4) Japanese Type Library Utilization.
　5) Starting Point of Public Library Policy in Japan.

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Making a study of the Anglo-American law, we must first read the legal sources which generally mean the precedent decisions (case law or unwritten law) and statutes (enacted law or written law).
Dealing with the case of the law only, there are abundant materials which have been being published year by year accumulated so many as various law reports and are set out every day. Lawyers and law students need to find their data among these tremendous accumulations. In order to that inevitable search for legal subjects, many librarians and indexers compile useful indexes to meet their serious demands.
The diagrams shows the finding of a way of the approach to legal sources and as the illustrative samples, the American case and the English one are introduced for understanding some points of methods and their constructions.

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In public libraries of urbane area the majority of the users are students, then they bring the greater part of reference questions into the libraries.
Their questions are different from adult's reference questions and in general they are easy.
The writer analized reference questions by students in Saitama Prefectural Library and as a result he pointed out their features and he maintains necessity of library cooperation between public library and school and university library.

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The author reviews a list of the headings of anonymous Chinese classics in the Nippon Cataloging Rules (1965), and he proposes revisions as follows:
1. Among headings there are not well known and not yet translated ones into Japanese, therefore they must be eliminated.
2. Rongo, Ekikyo, Roshi, etc. which are entered under the author in N.C.R.should be entered under the title as their authors’ are doubtful.

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Recent developments in library fields, such as in academic, school, public and special, placed high responsibilities on professional librarians who collect, organize and serve library materials and informations. It is very important to establish the theory, curriculum and methods of our own training program in order to achieve educational, cultural, scientific and technological advancements in our country.
As a preliminary study for the establishment of our training program, the society members have surveyed professional training programs for librarianship in various countries and compared them with ours. This is an interim report of the study which started in 1963. Twenty-nine members (twenty-six in 1964) had taken the places in this study. They were organized in five different groups to pursue five different aspects of the problem. This cooperative study was supported by the Grant in Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education of Japan.
The leaders and the thema are as follows:
1. Generalization (Training program for professional librarians in various countries) ・・・・・・・・・・ Masakatsu Itoh
2. Comparative study of education for college and university librarians ・・・・・・・・・・ Yutaka Fujita
3. Factual survey and comparative study of education for school librarianship ・・・・・・・・・・ Tsuneyoshi Fukagawa
4. Comparative study of education and in-service training for public librarians ・・・・・・・・・・ Toranosuke Takeda
5. Comparative study of education for documentalists and librarians in special libraries ・・・・・・・・・・ Masanobu Fujikawa

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1. In Japan Library Association the five groups have started according to the studies of different subjects — of techniques on processing, of documentation, of reference work, and bibliography, of the activities for promoting reading, and of activities of the small and the middle libraries.
2. A series of various discussions on library techniques has been edited on the bulletin of JLA through the year.
3. According to the determinations of the International Conference of Cataloging Principles, the 1965 edition of the Nippon Cataloging Rules was published.
4. On the revision of the Romanization of cataloging headings in the National Diet Library the Hepburnian system and the Instructed Romanized Japanese Letter system (Kunrei-shiki) were discussed.
5. The scientific research has been made on the efficiency of processing technique.
6. The research and the studies on documentation has been growing prosperous, but unfortunately there were few librarians' active particiapation of public and university libraries.
7. The problem of whether the reference work or the readers’ assistance was proposed. There are some opinions about this that in the public libraries of Japan which have not yet the established national plan, such a problem itself will be nonsence and including both reference work and the readers’ assistance the attitude of librarians’ service should be reexamined.
Moreover it seems the studies of libraries of Japan has met a term of conversion passing over twenty years after the World War II.

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