The dawning period of the Japanese Public Library here specifies the period from the begining to the middle of the Meiji ear. The early public libraries (Shojaku-kan) were established in the 1O's (12th-13th) of Meiji, mostly attached to the normal college and schools, but most of them were closed from 17th to 20th year of Meiji. This article analyses and clarifies the significance of Shojaku-kan on the public library history in Japan, describing how they appeared, and why they were disclosed, on the data collected locally by the writer himself.

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From the analysis of the subject-matter of chemistry, B. C. Vickery proposes eight categories of substantives : personality, part, substance, action, property, operation, space, and time (ref. 1). Examining the possible facets in physics, the writer suggests that Vickery’s proposal may be revised as follows :
　(1) It may be correct to have one more category : ‘structure’, e. g. atomic structure, which is somewhat different from the categories : action, property, or operation, though all of them derive from Ranganathan’s energy facet.
　(2) It seems necessary to divide a basic category ‘phenomenon’ (Vickery’s action) into two categories: ‘self-movement’ and ‘interaction’. When the electric current flows through the conductor, no remarkable change can be found in the surroundings (conductor). The electric current is regarded as a kind of self-movement. If the motion of a thing affects the behavior of the other thing, it is considered to be an interaction. The category ‘interaction’ may be subdivided into ‘effect’ and ‘react on’ as proposed by Vickery (ref. 1).
The present writer also suggests to introduce the concept of ‘dependent facet’. Suppose that the classification symbol for the electric current is C 62, and C 62 : 6 for the electric conduction. Under the electric conduction it is necessary to prepare a personality facet as follows :
　　C 62 : 6 : 31 　Conductor
　　C 62 : 6 : 32 　Semi-conductor
　　C 62 : 6 : 33 　Insulator
In spite of Ranganathan’s principle of decreasing concreteness (ref.2), there appears the personality facet following the energy (self-movement) facet apart from which we cannot discuss the members of the former facet.
References
I. Vickery, B. C. Systematic subject indexing. J. Document. vol. 9, 1953, pp. 48-57.
2. Ranganathan, S. R. Philosophy of library classification. Copenhagen, Ejnar Munksgaard, 1951.

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Western languages and customs are quite defferent from ours and accordingly treatment of their names is rather heavy burden to the Japanese catalogers. The writer traces historically the development of surnames in order to understand the Ancient and Medieval names. The writers classifying the Modern surnames which appeared towrads the end of the Middle Age according to their origin, makes it easier to understand the surnames with prefixes. And he compares the surnames with prefixes with the compound surnames to clarify the characteristics of the former.

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The writer analyses inconsistency appeared in subject heading lists as Basic Subject Headings, Subject Heading List for Middle School and Subject Heading List for High School, and classifies it into several types according to the heading used or unused, giving practical suggestions for consistency which is considered urgent from the standpoints of patron's use, curriculum consistency, children's use of public library and work efficiency.

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Discusses the significance of Kinsei documents and records as local materials held in a library and whole process aquisition, prebinding, accession, cataloging and classification, to repairing and custoday, and simple processing. The writer introduces his decimal classification scheme for Kinsei documents and records.

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“Picture collections” whicn is not new to us is an important material in the field of the library service. In the United States it makes rapid progress in public libraries.
Dana was the first man to build the picture collection at Denver in 1944.
Books an magazines should only be bought after a large collection of pictures has been first amassed from withdrawn books and discarded journals.
The aim in planning a picture collection should be to muster some 10,000 prints at least.

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This study has been developed in process of framing up a ‘tool’, by which it is needed to choose any music wanted rapidly and adequately. The writer analyses the use patterns of music in radio, T. V., slide, school drama, as such, and found the user’s clues to recorded music to be classified generally under composer, performer, instrument, kind of music, descriptive theme, and emotional theme. Treating the last clue, he collected emotional words from various fields and classifies them into three, as usable for subject headings, vis., basic emotional headings, common emotional headings, and composite emotional headings.

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Introducing some P. R. through the radio and press practiced by the Tokushima Prefectural Public Library, the writer analyses increase of the registered patrons, increase of adult users, mass media speriority for library use motivation, enlargement of the service area, maintenence of the effect and increase of books lent out and interprets the problems included for the future activity.

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In order to explore the potential readers and making them participate in the reading circles, it is primarily recommended for the leaders to tie the reading circles to the day-to-day activities of such organizations as youth's associations and women clubs, which the people have to have a close contact with to lead their community life. This article suggests the strategics how to run such a reading circle, analysing the psychology of the local people, the factors of the circle members, the topics to be read and discussed, the activities to be connected with reading and so on.

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School library does not flourish solely in the realm of school house, having nothing to do with children’s community life. The writer’s survey in his community shows there are significant factors standing in the way of children’s reading in their homes and consequently discouraging the school library’s development. Discussing mainly two phases, vis., parents’ understanding of their children’s reading and their criteria of book selecticn, he generalizes it is old-timer’ old idea of education which is really standing in the way, and suggests it is the parents who should have accessible contact with reading and know reading is a fun and something of practical use.

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How does reading influence human formation, which has been the writer's primary interest as a school librarian. Therefore survey was made for about six hundred pupils about their reading careers in questionnaire form and forty eight sampled pupils were asked to write freely their own reading careers in descriptive form. Reading interests were generlized for each development periods, pre-school, primary, junior high and senior high. Reading careers are classified into a number of patterns and finally influences braught by reading are analysed, paying special attention to difference between boys and girls.

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The copying of the manuscript have been done in the monastery throughout the madieval ages, from their earliest period in the East as one of its manual labor.
The place of the writing within the monastery indicates three forms such as : a large room in which several monks could work together : a small room for one or two persons; and, a part of the cloister, which later have been extended as the carrel.
The arrangement of the work and the provision of materials for writing were the responsibilities of armarius or librarian ; strict silence was enforced in the room ; the upkeep of the scriptorium was furnished usually with a portion of the monastic revenue and sometimes by the endowments ; certain eatimation of the cost of bookmaking by the contemporary records of the price and wage.
The scriptorium have ceased their works at the end of the middle ages, leaving behind them their books accumulated during a thousand years.

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The library too is a changing institution. When mankind learnt how to write, birth of the library was promissed. As human attitude toward writing changed, the library too changed even if the name library or whatever name given to it has remained unchanged. Yet, the change has not been without a guiding principle. It has been a change toward fuller realization of what it has had within itself from the very day of its birth.
The author points out two main forces which have guided development of libraries. One is a drive or a force which lies in the library itself, while the other lies in mankind, that is, society of men. The one factor in the library is expressed by the word “Kokai Genri” or “Principle of USABILITY” by the author, while the other is called “Social Factors”.
With this daring hypothetical presupposition, the author tries to interprete the whole history of libraries. This particular study of the history of the libraries in the Roman Empire is his first step toward the enterprising attempt.

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