生物物理

膜電位の光学的検出とポテンシァル・プローブ

神野耕太郎

1978 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 105-119
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2009/05/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.18.105

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Physiologists and biophysicists have long been interested in optical changes coupled with neuron or muscle activity. Although the mechanism of optical changes is not well understood, it has become clear that many of optical changes are associated with changes in membrane potential. Thus, it was suggested that these optical signals, can in principle, be used to monitor the membrane potential. This application has been made more feasible recently by the finding that certain merocyanines, cyanines, and oxonols show large signals in fluorescence and/or absorption during action potentials in squid axons. With these dyes, changes in optical properties that were linearly related to membrane potential were found. The signal-to-noise ratios in squid axons may be very large (-100:1).
Quite recently, it became clear that the optical method of measuring membrane potential was a powerful tool for systems where, for reasons of scale, topology, or complexity, the use of microelectrodes would be inconvenient or impossible. Systems studied thus far include T-system and/or sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle, invertebrate ganglion, and suspensions of cells and subcellular organelles.
This article first emphsized the optical changes associated with membrane potential while optical monitoring of membrane potential was subsequently reviewed.

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コロイド粒子としての膜の相互作用

大島広行, 三井利夫

1978 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 120-129
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2009/05/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.18.120

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Long-range interaction between membranes in water is discussed along the line of the theory presented by the writers (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 63, 525 (1978)). Explanation is given on the phenomena reported by Inoko et al. (Biochim. Biopnys. Acta 413, 24 (1975)): there appear the four states I, II, III, and IV in the dipalmitoyl lecithin/water systems by addition of CaCl₂ with a hysteresis in the I-II transition and the three states I, III, and IV in MgCl₂ solutions. Calculated periods of the lamellar phase are in fairly good agreement with experimental data. Inter-membrane interactions are effective beyond 100Å-260Å in suitable conditions. There seems to be a rigid hydration layer with the thickness of about 11Å on the dipalmitoyl lecithin membrane at room temperatures. Discussion is made on ion adsorption on the membrane surface.

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訂正とおわび

1978 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 129a
発行日: 1978年
公開日: 2009/05/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.18.3_129a

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訂正とおわび

1978 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 129b
発行日: 1978年
公開日: 2009/05/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.18.3_129b

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拡散移動を伴う生物モデルの数学的考察

パッチネスと分岐理論

三村昌泰

1978 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 130-136
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2009/05/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.18.130

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It has been observed that plankton displays spatial heterogeneity (patchiness) even though its environment appears homogeneous. As a model mechanism to explain this phenomenon, an interaction model is proposed which is in a prey-predator relationship. The model considered here is a generalized Lotka-Volterra system with diffusion. The results show that perturbations caused by fluctuations give rise to patchiness after long time: it depends on certain biological factors.
A mathematical tool is the theory of bifurcation for partial differential equations.

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国際生物物理学会開催記念特集

1978 年 18 巻 3 号 p. 141-144
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2009/05/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2142/biophys.18.141

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