巻号一覧
25 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1～5を表示しています
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上田 哲男, 小畠 陽之助1985 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 91-99
発行日: 1985/05/25
公開日: 2009/05/25
ジャーナル フリーBiological cell is the smallest system in which energy is transformed and information is processed autonomously. This complex and fascinating system is in the far from equilibrium state, and hence can manifest self-excited oscillations. Here we will describe rhythmic locomotion in amoeboid cells, oscillatory responses to chemical stimuli and rhythmic morphogenesis. Their biological and biophysical implications are discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2826K) -
尾西 裕文1985 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 100-108
発行日: 1985/05/25
公開日: 2009/05/25
ジャーナル フリー平滑筋収縮のCa2+調節がどのような機構で起こるかが,それを担うタンパク質(すなわち,ミオシン)を研究することにより次第に明らかになってきた.収縮にはミオシン軽鎖のリン酸化が,弛緩にはその脱リン酸化がそれぞれ必要であった.Ca2+の働きはミオシン軽鎖キナーゼを活性化し,軽鎖をリン酸化することであった.平滑筋ミオシンで作った太いフィラメントはATPを加えると容易に解離し,10Sの沈降係数を持つミオシン単量体になった.10Sミオシンは0.3M以上のKCl溶媒中のミオシン単量体とはまったく異なった分子形態と酵素活性を持っていた.ミオシン軽鎖のリン酸化はATPによるこれらの変化を強く阻害した.この総説では,ニワトリ砂のう筋ミオシンに関する著者らの研究成果を中心に紹介し,それにもとづく平滑筋収縮の調節機構について解説してみたい.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1811K) -
小渕 洋一1985 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 109-115
発行日: 1985/05/25
公開日: 2009/05/25
ジャーナル フリーIn the slug stage of cellular slime molds Dictyostelium discoideum, the prestalk cells occupy the anterior 1/4, and among the remaining posterior prespore cells there are about 10% anterior-like cells which have the same staining property as the prestalk cells. This slug differentiation pattern is well regulated independent of the slug size. Further, the pattern is basically restored if a part of the slug is excised.
This survey reviews several such models that may explain the formation and the regulation capability of the differentiation pattern. The models treated are classified into the following three categories. 1) Positional information is established first, and then the differentiation follows accordingly; 2) The cytodifferentiation occurs through the balance of the labor division, and the cells sort out to form the pattern; 3) The pattern is thought to be in a dynamical equilibrium, i.e., the prestalk and the anteriorlike cells interchange incessantly while keeping the whole pattern.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (738K) -
山本 和生1985 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 116-123
発行日: 1985/05/25
公開日: 2009/05/25
ジャーナル フリーPhotoreactivation-a reduction in the effect of ultraviolet irradiation by subsequent exposure to longer wavelengths-stems from at least two different kinds of process. The first is direct, non-enzymatic short-wavelength reactivation and photoenzymemediated repair of ultraviolet radiation damage to DNA, while the second (indirect photoreactivation) is an enhancement of light-independent repairs due to physiological changes induced in cells by light.
Enzymatic photoreactivation is an enzymatic process in which damage induced by ultraviolet radiation is repaired with light of longer wavelengths (300-500nm). It is achieved by a photoreactivating enzyme. On the molecular level, photoreactivating enzyme splits pyrimidine dimers in DNA into the constituent pyrimidines. Thus, photoreactivating enzyme has biological importance because of its role in one mode of DNA repair and is also of physico-chemical interest as an enzyme which utilizes light for its catalytic action.
Purfied Escherichia coli photoreactivating enzyme is a single polypeptide of Mr 49.000 which has absorption peaks at 280 and 380nm and, upon denaturation, releases a chromophore that has the properties of flavin adenine dinucleotide, indicating that flavin is an intrinsic chromophore of the enzyme.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (978K) -
坂本 順司1985 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 124-129
発行日: 1985/05/25
公開日: 2009/05/25
ジャーナル フリーMitochondrial F1-F0 complex catalyzes ATP synthesis coupled with proton translocation down the electrochemical potential gradient (ΔμH+) across the inner membrane. F1, the catalytic sector of the complex, can be detached from the membrane to be a soluble protein.
Recently, we found that soluble F1 catalyzed ATP synthesis from medium ADP and Pi in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). This finding indicates that energy input of ΔμH+ is not essential to covalent binding of ADP and Pi to form ATP on F1. The synthesized ATP was bound to F1 to compose F1-ATP complex, suggesting that the energy input is necessary for the release of ATP from F1.
The F1-ATP complex seemed to be formed also in the absence of DMSO. DMSO increased the affinity of F1 for Pi and shifted the equilibrium between F1-ATP complex and F1-ADP-Pi complex.
Since it is the most simple ATP-synthesizing system ever known, it might be utilized to solve other problems about the mechanism of ATP synthesis. F1 has two types of nucleotide-binding sites, tight binding sites and exchangeble binding sites. However, it has not been exclusively determined which is the catalytic site of ATP synthesis. We found that ATP was formed by soluble F1 from ADP bound to the exchangeable binding site (s) but not from that bound to the tight binding sites.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (909K)
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