Various acute and chronic inflammatory changes of the bronchial mucosa and glands in pneumonic and bronchopneumonic lung specimens were histologically studied, comparing them with the unaffected bronchial mucosa and its glands.
Twelve lung specimens diagnosed as pneumonia or bronchopneumonia on autopsies, and forty lung specimens resected surgically as bronchiectasis were used as the material for these studies. Unaffected bronchial specimens were obtained from the lungs of premature or newborn infants or young children who died of non-pulmonary causes.
Results obtained were as follows:
In general, the inflammatory changes of the bronchial wall were more serious in the bronchopnemonic lung specimens than those in the pneumonic lung specimens.
In a case where death was due to diphtheric bronchopnemonia, besides the overlying pseudomembrane, exfoliation of cylindlic epithelium and squamous metaplasia of the mucosal epithelium were observed and in a case where death was due to measles bronchopneumonia, abundant proliferation of bronchial glands was demonstrated.
In the resected lung of bronchiectasis, squamous metaplasis of the mucosal epithelium had predominantly developed in the bronchial mucosa with severe acute submucosal inflammation, and a marked development of the bronchial glands and vivid proliferation of goblet cells were frequently observed in the bronchial mucosa with less inflammatory processes and much fibrotic proliferation.
Dilated bronchial veins, necrobiotic cartilages, abnormal arrangements of the muscular layers, development of fat tissue and lymphatic follicles with germinal centers were occasionally found in the bronchial mucosa of dilated bronchi, and in six cases of bronchiectasis, asthenia of the components of the bronchial wall was recognized.

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Carcinoma of the esophagus still has placed in a poor result in the field of cancer. However, the advances in radiation therapy-the use of rotation or multiple perithoracic ports and supervoltage radiation-made possible the introduction of sufficiently high and homogeneous doses such as are considered necessary for the sterilization of esophageal cancer, and therefore some treated cases can be expected to survive more than five years.
Both surgery and radiation therapy are local therapy and are no significant difference in either therapy, for this reason, it is possible to do the radial therapy by irradiation alone. Howevere the healing process of radiation therapy is quite different from surgery, therefore, in an attempt to find more definite guides for the selection of patients for either surgery or radiation therapy, it should be carefully considered. In choosing indication, the length and type of a filling defect by barium swallow radiographic study of the esophageal cancer are most important factors.
Esophageal cancer tends to infiltrate in upward and downward through the esophageal wall and spread frequently into the mediastinal structures. These form of involveme nt are usually accurately provided on the basis of roentgen study of the esophageal cancer with many types, it is likely that a small filling defect is well controlled and prognosis is better than that exceeding 5 cm in length.
In general, there are two types in growing form of the esophageal cancer; one is the exophytic and comparatively localized type, another is the endophytic and infiltrative type. These type of growth also correlate with patients prognosis, so they can be available for classification on the roentgen findings. Our classification by roentgen findings is as follows:
1) Early stage type
2) Non-ulcerated type: Polypoid type, Cauliflower type, Hill-like type
3) Superficial ulcerted type: Saw type
4) Ulcerated type: One sided ulcer type, spiral type
5) Sclerotic type
It appeares that the type of Polypoid, Cauliflower and Saw are suitable for the radiation therapy, on the other hand, Ulcerated type should be tried the combined therapy with surgery and radiation therapy.

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Blood gas analysis during endoscopy were made upon 36 patients with the objects of studying the respíratory mechanísmus.
The results were as follows:
1. After bronchoscopy, the arterial carbon dioxide tension (Paco₂) decreased and PH increased, but the arterial oxygen tension (Pao₂) did not almost change. It is to say that the changes of Paco₂and PH are the influence of hyperventilation which were shown in many patients during endoscopy. The hyperventilation distinguished gradually about 10 minuts after the induction of endoscopy.
2. There were no cases that showed hyperventilation-syndrom.
3. After esophagoscopy, Pao₂, Paco₂and PH did not almost change.
4. The patients with the larger vital capacity, the less changes on respiration.

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The staistical study was made of 953 cases of the foreign bodies in the air and food passages and 331 cases of the suspected during 10 years in our clinic.
Particularly, the following subjects were investigated:
On which cases were found the foreign bodies in the stomach or intestine?
Which cases were more difficult to extirpate the foreign bodies?
Which cases were necessary to perform the endoscopic extirpation of the foreign bodies under the general anesthesia?

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Case 1. 8 months old female. Acute dyspnea. Succumbed within a few hours after admission. Autopsy revealed mucus accumulated in the bronchi and acute inflammatory changes of bronchi-walls.
Case 2. 33 years old female. Mucus was successfully removed with SAFAR Ventilation Bronchoscope under general anesthesia.
The symptome was improved.

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A case of 34-year-old male with chief complaints of cough and hemoptysis was reported. Infiltrative lesions appeared temporarily at the left middle lobe on the chest rentogenogram. Bronchography and bronchoscopy revealed a smooth-surfaced-diverticula of the right main bronchus, 5 cm from the carina, which was considered to be congenital.

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