Changes occur in the color of the image and the glass, if the fiberscope is frequently exposed over prolonged periods to X-irradiation. This problem may occur when X-ray are used to monitor the position of the fiberscope and its attachments.
The purpose of this study is to define the relationship between X-ray irradiation and the morphologic properties and photcchromatic transmission properties of the glass bundles of the flexible fiberscope. Special attachments were made for above studies. Scanning electron microscopy and electron spin resonance techniques were used to determine the nature of the changes and their reversibility. Comparative diagnostic X-ray dosimetry between the surfaces of the thorax and lumen of the tracheo-bronchial tree were accomplished by Thermoluminescent Dosimeters during thoracic fluoroscopy.
1. Light transmission changes in the optic glass fiber were observed at more than 5 R, color changes were observed at more than 25 R and morphological changes were observed at more than 75 R of X-ray irradiation.
2. Electron spin resonance absorption changes appeared in the optic glass-fiber at more than 100 R.
The shape of these curves were proportional to X-ray dose.
3. The irradiation dose to the skin in 1 minute, mutiplied by three is equal to the irradiation dose to the segmental and subsegmental bronchus in 15 minutes by the results of comparative in vivo Radiation Dosimetry Study.
4. For optimum results, 15 minutes of fluoroscopy by a TV machine a week is the limit of radiation doses to the same fiberscope by the results of above studies.

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Superior thyroid artery was catheterized using Fogarty E-040-4F catheter. The balloon was removed and a small notch was left at the tip. The catheter was inserted in the superior thyroid artery up to the small notch and the catheter was fixed tight by two ligatures, the notch being being in between. This fixation using the notch makes the catheter slip-off free.
5-FU is infused combined with irradiation.
A heparin solution with antibiotics is also infused inbetween. The wound is opened again for the change and removal of the catheter. Swallowing is not disturbed by the catheterization.
Case 1. 73 year old male with a huge transglottic cancer. Both superior thyroid arteries were catheterized. These made the right superior laryngeal artery and the left cricothyroid branch infused. The voice was restored with the remarkable shrinkage of the tumor.
Case 2. 49 year old male, bilateral involvement of the cords. Hoarseness improved with the shrinkage of the tumor.
The follow-up study is done by spine position through the nose by flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscope and the tracheostoma by lateraloscope. The arteriograms and pigment studies of the superior laryngeal artery and the cricothyroid branch were reported.
The catheterization and infusion of the superior thyroid artery will be of use for the advanced laryngeal cancer. The laryngeal function will also be preserved by the method.
Cancer of the hypopharynx will be included in the indication.

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Advanced cancer in the cervical esophagus or in the cervical trachea and recurrent cancer in the lower neck can be controlled and cured if extensive radical surgery is performed, in which resection of the cervical trachea is combined with relocatin of the trachea in the uppr chest wall through the anterior mediastinum. Excision of the upper part of sterum and the head of the clavicle and sliding the skin of anterior chest wall down into the mediasfinum are most responsible for a safer anastomosis of the tracheal stump. Wound dehiscence and crust formation in the trachea can be avoidable by an intensive post-operative case. Indications and detailed surgical procedure were described in this paper with some care reports.

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A case of fifty-one years old female who found to have mediastinitis and periesophageal abscess caused by a foreign body (a fishhook) in the cervical esophagus is reported.
The patient suddenly suffered a severe pain in the neck and a difficulty in swallowing while eating fish (a trout). Immediately, she visited some hcspitals and underwent medical examinations, but she was told that no remarkable findings were noted each time. Her condition had been taking downhill course since then. When she visited our clinic after eleven days following the accident, she complained of tender swelling in the neck, dyspnea with strider and fever.
After the emergency tracheostomy was perormed for facilitating the passage of air, foreign body was successfully removed by fhe external incision under general anesthesia. The postoperative course was almost satisfactory except for the complication of pyothorax, and she discharged on the fifty-second pcstoperative day with complete recovery.

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A 69-year-old Japanese male had been suffered from difficult decannulation for 9 months which was caused by subglottic and tracheal stenosis after high tracheostomy. He was successfully operated by resection of cricoid ring and trachea in 3 cartilage rings length, and by end-to-end anastomosis of thyroid cartilage to trachea. The patient was uneventful postoperatively, and is now conducting an usual life except for the rehabilitation for Vernicke-Man's contracture after operation of intracranial aneurysm.
As the experiences of this operative technique are limited in the world yet, there may occurred some problems after further increase of this type operations. From this standpoint, the technical problems and the indication of this operation were discussed.

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