There are many detailed studies on the collecting lymphatic vessels from respiratory passages and the esophagus to the regional lymph nodes. Accordingly, I will describe here the lymphatics of the mucosa of the trachea and the esophagus.
The lymphatic system of the mucosa both in the esophagus and the trachea consists of superficial and deep networks of lymphatic capillaries. The superficial network is not situated in the same level of the blood capillary network which lies close to the epithelium, but below the latter. This is a general rule.
The superficial network has dense meshes elongated longitudinally along the tube, while the deep network has coarse meshes which are also elongated longitudinally in the esophagus and paries membranacea tracheae, but directed obliquely in the mucosa of the trachea covering the cartilages.
In the esophagus the superficial network exists in the lamina propria and the deep network is situated close to the muscularis mucosae, while in the trachea the former is located close to the elastic layer and the latter underneath the layer.
Electron microscopically investigated, the structure of the lymphatic capillary in the mucosa of the esophagus shows no great difference from that of the trachea, with the wall composed of a single layer of extremely thin endothelial cells and a basement membrane with breaks or lack here and there. The endothelial cell junctions are wider and looser than those of blood vessels. Further, there are frequently seen endothelial cell junctions that are completely open. In lymphatic vessls valves are discernible and besides similar endothelium and basement membrane, connective tissue and smooth muscles take part in the wall.

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The authors have been investigating the psychosomatic relationship between the patients complained of unusual sensation arising in the pharyngolarynx and the autonomic nervous function of these patients. In the present study 90 patients were carefully examined their pharynx and larynx, and mecholyl test, psychological tests i. e. Cornnel medical index and Yatabe-Gilford test were performed on the patients.
The result was that 73.3% of the patients showed N-type, 16.6% showed P-type and 10.0% showed S-type. Thirty-four per cent of all patients showed inflammatory changes in the pharygolarynx and a large number of them were included in N-type, while the patients with P-type scarcely showed inflammation of the pharynx or larynx and they have a tendency of neurotic pattern on the psychological test. These patients were effectively treated with autonomic nerve blocking agenst and psychiatric treatments.
Most of the patients of N-and S-type were treated and responded well to local treatment but recovery of the patients of N-type was rather delayed than that of those with other types. The pharygolaryngeal appearance of those with N-type showed a mild degree of chronic inflammation which is hardly responded to the local treatment but must be cured by a vigorous remedy.
The patients of S- or P-type must be treäted by the laryngologist who has in mind the psychosomatic consideration and the patients will recover from their ailment by an adequate adjustment of the autonomic nervous dysfunction and psychiatric management.

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On the macroscopic examination of the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx of pupils of elementary and middle schools in the air polluted district, more significant increase of incidence of injection of the retropharyngeal wall, enlargement of the retropharyngeal lymphoid tissues, dilatation of vessels of the pharynx and injected swelling of the vocal cords, injection of the epiglottis and arytenoid area are found in the pupils of the elementary schools than in pupils of unpolluted districts.
Among the pupils of the middle schools is also a significant incidence of enlargement of the retropharyngeal lymphoid tissues and dilatation of vessels of the pharynx.
A further study will determine which group of pupils of the elementary schools and the middle schools are much more contaminated.

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The authors studied the actual state of influenza viruses in the tracheobronchial wall of mice which had been experimentally infected with influenza viruses, by means of of fluorescent antibcdy technic, electron microscopy chronologically. The results obtained were as follows:
1. The specific fluorescence antigens were observed between 3 and 6 hours after the intranasal instillation on the epitherial cells of bronchus. Those antigens reached maximum at 24th or 48th hour, and still presented themselves even after one week.
2. Electron microscopically, releasing of virus particles was observed on free surface of both ciliated and nonciliated cells. RNP granules were closely gathered in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
3. These virus particles were successfully identified as influenza virus by means of ferritin antibody technic.
Intracellular changes and their significance will be reported later.

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In patients complaining of difficulty in swallowing, iron deficiency was found in 18 patients on whom endoscopic examination, biopsy of mucosa of the upper esophagus, radiographic studies and measurement of the inner pressure of the esophagus were performed. The results were as follows:
1) Endoscopic findings: The mucosa, in general, was pale and atrophic and vessels were visible and transverse folds were numerous.
2) Biopsy findings: Atrophic changes of the mucosa was prominent, and atrophy and degeneration of muscular fibers were also found.
3) Radiographic findings: In many cases was found a web-formation in the lumen of the esophagus.
4) The inner pressure curve: It was proved that peristalsis of the esophagus was reduced.
5) Review of literature: Reviewing the litera ture, discussion on Plummer-Vinson's syndrome and predisposition of carcinoma of the esophagus were described.

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A 63 y. o. male patient had been complaining of postprandial vomiting and fullness in the anterior chest. Radiographic examination revealed a narrowing of the lumen of the lower esophagus and no abnormality in the stomach and duodenum. Esophagoscopic examination showed that there was a greyred tumor, bled easily, bulging in the left and posterior wall of the esophageal mucosa at 37 cm below the upper incisor. Pathological study disclosed intestinal mucous metaplasia of gastric mucosa in the lower esophagus.

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Clinical and statistical studies were carried out on spontaneous expulsion of foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial tree.
Some scholars considered it occurred rarely but accompanying danger often. Others, however, explained it as a little more frequent and safer to remove them as soon as possible from the physico-anatomical viewpoint of the trachea and bronchi.
The authors reported three cases of their own experiences.

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