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Volume 21, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Tekashi Hirayama1970 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 43-49
Published: April 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOnly little difference was observed between age specific incidence rate and death rate for ca. esophagus in Japan. This tendency was more striking in males than in females. Far lower sex ratio was noted for cancer of upper 1/3 of esophagus than that for middle 1/3 and lower 1/3 of esophagus in mortality statistics (1958-67), in mortality statistics (1958) and in autopsy statistics (1966-67) for all Japan. Sex ratio was also found to be lower in ca. esophagus of younger age groups. Two endemic areas were noted in Japan; (1) Souther Tohoku to Nouther Kanto and (2) Nara, Wakayama Districts. Sex ratio was noted to be much lower and almost stable for more than 7 years in latter case.
Stimulated by this fact, a world map was made according to the endemicity and sex ratio of cancer of the esophagus. A Type <high mortality (over 9.5 per 100, 000) low sex ratio (less than 2.0): Nara, Wakayama, Areas along Caspian Sea, Transki, China main land, Chile, Colombia, etc.> B Type <high mortality, higher sex ratio (2.0-6.9): Most of Japan, Okinawa, Taiwan, Hongkong, Singapole US Non-White> C Type <high mortality, highest sex ratio (over 7.0): France, Switzerland, South Africa, South America>
It is of interest that the extent of geographical aggeregation by county unit is much higher in Type A than in Type B or C.
A combined effect of daily drinking and smoking was clearly noted on the risk of ca. esophagus. by both retrospective studies and prospective studies. A among non daily drinkers annual death rate was 4.2-7.6 per 100, 000 compared to 27.9 among daily drinkers who also smoke over 20 cigarettes daily (Prospective study for 265, 118). Drinking habit of hot tea and deficiency of citrus fruits, milk, green yeallow vegetables were also noted as possible risk factors. These must be more important in Typpe A endemic areas.View full abstractDownload PDF (901K) -
Toshio Kobayashi1970 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 50-57
Published: April 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe materials to be presented consist of roentgenograms of 255 cases of esophageal carcinoma treated by us at the Department of Radiology of Shinshu University Hospital, and 1, 448 cases of mass survey with fluororadiography for cancer detection of the esophagus.
Carcinoma of the esophagus was found most often in patients 60 to 69 years of age, and arised most frequently in the middle and lower third of the thoracic esophagus. Our efforts have been directed toward an understanding or explanation for frequent occurrence of esophageal carcinoma in the middle and lower third of the thoracic esophagus. On the roentgenograms, kinking or buckling of the thoracic aorta due to degenerative or atherosclerotic change is followed by esophageal narrowing at the level of lower third. We call the section of the esophagus crossed by the descending aorta the “K”-point. More than one half of primary carcinoma of the esophagus developed just above the K-point.
On the photoroentgenograms of the esophagus of mass survey, 18 to 58 years of age, there is an apparent anatomical and physiological change with advancing ages producing a new physiological or functional narrowing by aortic pressure, described above as the K-point.
We have an impression that the frequent occurrence of esophageal carcinoma in the middle and lower third of the thoracic esophagus has some relation to the tortuosity and unfolding of the atherosclerotic aorta. It has occurred to us that the region of the esophagus above this functional narrowing could be a potential site for neoplasm.View full abstractDownload PDF (2202K) -
Mitsuo Endo1970 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 58-68
Published: April 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom 1965 the esophagofiberscope, Olympus' EF and Machida's FES, has been deviced. Now, these two instruments have been useful in the dragnosis of the esophageal diseases in the ordinary examination. The function of the esophagofiberscope has been excellent in the next points; the top of the scope being able to bend up wards and downwards to 90° and the findings of the mucosa enlarged to about 10 times so as to be able to find the finest lesions.
17 cases of the early cancer of the esophagus have been reported in Japan. In this paper the statistic studies of these were made from many points. And two cases in my clinic were showed with the X-ray film, the endoscopic features and the specimen.View full abstractDownload PDF (4671K) -
Ikuichiro Hiroto1970 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 69-73
Published: April 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeventy seven cases of pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy were studied from clinicoanatomical standpoints. Five year survival ratio is 44% in cricopharyngeal type, 33% in pharyngoesophageal type and 0% in cervical esophagus type. Approximate 70% of dead cases were due to local recurrence and 30% lung cancer or other causes. The expansion of carcinoma under the mucous membrane is 11mm upward on the average and 5mm downward. It means that the dissection of the tumor must be done 2cm above and 1cm below the visible tumor. The paratracheal lymphnodes, the regional ones of the cervical esophagus, must be dissected completely and very carefully. The results of surgery done under these consideration improved by about 15% in 5 year survival ratio, that is 36%.View full abstractDownload PDF (918K) -
Teruo Kakegawa, Ichiro Akakura1970 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 74-80
Published: April 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report is to describe and discuss the surgical treatment of cancer of the thoracic esophagus based upon 583 cases of the esophagus treated by us in the past three years.
To improve the end result of the treatment of cancer of this organ, detection of cancer in the earlier stage must be important, however, in fact, a frequent discovery of cancer in the progresssed stage is not uncommon.
For cancer in the progressed stage, the authors believe the combined treatment of surgery and irradiation best.
Recently, the authors treated 100 cases of cancer of the thoracic esophagus with preoperative irradiation of 200 R per day till the total dose of 600 R. After completion of the radiotherapy, surgical intervention was performed.
As the result, in 60.0% of irradiated cases radical surgery was successful, while in 46.6% of un-irradiated cases. And five year survival was 25% with the combined treatment, but was 13% with the single treatment of surgery. However, as to lymph node metastasis found at the time of surgery in the irradiated cases of cancer of the thoracic esophagus, metastasis was 29.5% in the distant lymph nodes of the paratracheal chain, 34.0% in the cardial nodes, 18.4% in the periarterial lymph nodes of the right gastric artery.
From the above result, it was concluded that the treatment of cancer of the thoracic esophagus was most effective with the combined treatment of surgery and irradiation, and the type of operation should be decided with regard to compleet removal of the tumor of the esophagus and of the regional lymph nodes in a wide extent, and that the more improvement of the end result of the treatment of cancer of the thoracic esophagus can be achieved with the combination of irradiation and surgery and, moreover, the use of anticancerous drug as the systemic treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1422K) -
Hiroshi MUTO1970 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 81-88
Published: April 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fate of the keratohyalin granules of the esophageal epithelium in the naked mouse have been studied with electron microscopy. The tissue was fixed in phosphate buffered 1% osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon.
Keratohyalin granules occur in abundance in the granular layers of the esophageal epithelium. The earliest stage in the formation of the keratohyalin granules appeared to be small drops without membrane-bound. All the keratohyalin granules were surrounded by a halo of ribosome particles. The keratohyalin granules appeared to have been formed from the numerous ribosomes. At some points there is a suggestion that these ribosomes are incorporated into the kerathhyalin granule. As they matured, in addition to the less dense substance, they accumulated a core or a dense globule. Sometimes several vacuoles are seen in the dense portion of the large keratohyalin granules. Some of the tonofilaments are connected to the keratohyalin granules. After the keratohyalin granules were scattered throughout the cytoplasm, the fibers of the origin of keratin patern which were composed of three layers are seen in the last masses. In some instances, keratohyalin-like granules are seen in the nuclei or mitochondria of the granular layers.View full abstractDownload PDF (3107K) -
Development and histochemical study for electron microscopyYoshiaki NAKAI1970 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 89-93
Published: April 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectron microscopy was employed to study the events of ciliogenesis in the tracheal ciliated cells in rat, mice and human. Phosphotungstic acid staining and histochemical technique for adenosine triphosphatase were also employed to get some information of tracheal ciliated cells.
Our electron microscopic observations confirm the classical histologist's findings that the tracheal cells formed their cilia after the centrioles subdivided to form basal bodies which ascend to the upper cell surface where cilia then grew. Six month human fetus had still immature ciliated cells in it's tracheal mucosa.
Tracheal cilia microtubules and basal bodies were equally well stained with PTA suggesting they were formed by basic amino acid.
ATP-ase, an enzyme of active fluid transport across cell membranes, were demonstrated in the cell membrane of the ciliated cells. It is imagined that the ATP-ase active microvilli on the cell surface might have function of active fluid transport.View full abstractDownload PDF (1806K) -
Noboru Yanai1970 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 94-105
Published: April 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to report the effects of hilar-stripping upon pulmonary function in dogs.
1) Effects upon pulmonary ventilation.
It was revealed by bronchospirometry using a modified Trummer's catheter that oxygen uptake and minute ventilation by left lung normally accounted for 41 and 44% of the total, respectively. The ventilation was decreased for the first week after operation, and returned to nearly normal at the second week in the thoracotomied control dogs. However, the ventilation of the hilar-stripped lung was markedly decreased during the first and second weeks after the operation, and it slowly improved thereafter. Oxygen uptake and minute ventilation were restored to the pre-operative values 5-7 weeks and 4 weeks after operation, respectively.
Hering-Breuer Reflex was abscent in all dogs during 15 months after operation.
Bronchiectasis caused by hilar-stripping stored to improve at the third month and was recovered within 9th month.
2) Effects upon circulation.
The blood pressures of pulmonary artery and vein were slightly different between pre and post-operation.
Unilateral pulmonary artery occulusion tests on the unoperated lung were performed on the 11 dogs. Five of them showed the II type reaction, and 6 showed the III type. Pulmonary arterial pressures had moderately elevated during the tests in 10 dogs, but were remained within physiological ranges. This elevation was not always related to the decrease of ventilatory function.
Contralateral pneumonectomy was performed on 8 hilar-stripped dogs, 3 of which were vivid after operation. The remaining 5 dogs died in early stage. The pattern of respiration was not altered in all dogs. These results indicated that dogs were able to live only with unilateral hilar-stripped lung.View full abstractDownload PDF (3643K) -
Suetoku Asai, [in Japanese]1970 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 106-109
Published: April 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors treated the 30 cases with infected pulmonary diseases (none T.B.) by means of 400mg of Kanendomycin, I.M. perday, for the periode of 10-42 days. The result was, excellnet 17, fair 11, ineffective 2. For the post pulmonary operative prevention of infection, the authors gave this medicine to 21 cases, and the result was fair 18, ineffective 3. So we hope this medicine is one of the best antibiotics for the treatment of infective pulmonary diseases (none T.B.) The complication of this medicine was seen on only 1 case, that was redness and pain on the injected area, no other complications were seen.View full abstractDownload PDF (1027K)
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