Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho
Online ISSN : 1880-6848
Print ISSN : 0029-0645
ISSN-L : 0029-0645
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Volume 57, Issue 2
Displaying 1-40 of 40 articles from this issue
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Contribution
Invitational Lecture
  • Altering the Micro-Anatomy of the Larynx and its Effect on Laryngeal Biomechanics
    Gerald S. Berke
    2006 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages 58-64
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: April 24, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.57.58
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    The purpose of this presentation is to review our current approach to selective modification of micro anatomy of laryngeal neuromuscular function.
    Dissection of the distal micro-branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve allows for selective modification of laryngeal adductory and abductory function.
    The surgical techniques for identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve branches to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, and the vocalis muscle are described. Alteration of function is achieved using motor branches of the ansa hypoglossi nerve or the superior laryngeal nerve for reinnervation. The techniques described are useful for the treatment of a variety of disorders such as spasmodic dysphonia or laryngeal unilateral and bilateral paralysis.
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Educational Lecture
  • Macroscopic and Histological Diagnosis for Squamous Epithelial Lesions in the Larynx and Pharynx
    Akio Yanagisawa
    2006 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages 65-72
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: April 24, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.57.65
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    Most malignant tumors are initially diagnosed by macroscopic appearance with the final diagnoses being established histologically. Malignant tumors developing in the pharynx and larynx are almost squamous cell carcinoma. It is important not to diagnose these carcinomas justly macroscopically before initiating treatment, since it is not rare that the histological diagnoses are different from the macroscopic diagnose. For lesions showing a macroscopic appearance of inflammation, there have been some pharyngeal lesions that are histologically diagnosed as carcinoma in a few cases. In the pharynx, there are not many lesions that are macroscopically diagnosed as a polyp. But among laryngeal lesions diagnosed macroscopically as a polyp, there have been a few cancer cases. As for leukoplakia, there are no examples involving the pharynx. Lesions diagnosed as leukoplakia macroscopically comprise 19% of all tumors in the larynx; histologically 57% are diagnosed as inflammation, 26% as dysplasia and 17% as carcinoma. In other words it is difficult to diagnose laryngeal leukoplakia by macroscopic findings alone.
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Symposium : Recent Findings on the Feedback Mechanism of the Larynx
  • Introduction
    S. Niimi
    2006 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages 73
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: April 24, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.57.73
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  • Neural Mechanisms of Laryngeal Control by Auditory Feedback Inputs
    Satoshi Nonaka, Ryo Ota, Akihiro Katada, Hirofumi Harada, Kaoru Takaku ...
    2006 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages 74-79
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: April 24, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.57.74
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    Electrical stimulation delivered to the periaqueductal gray (PAG) in decerebrate cats induces vocalization. Experiments using this decerebrate animal model for vocalization revealed the following results. 1) Auditory stimulation during vocalization evoked by PAG stimulation made the voice sound louder and increased the activities of the thyroarytenoid muscle, implying that auditory inputs change the intrinsic laryngeal muscle activity even in decerebrate cats. 2) Microinjection of glutamate to the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (LLD), which is one of the ascending auditory relays, also enhanced the magnification of the laryngeal reflex, suggesting that motor command of vocalization and auditory inputs might be integrated within the LLD neurons. 3) Microinjections of GABAA-antagonist and -agonist to the LLD changed the magnification of the laryngeal reflex, suggesting that the LLD neurons are suppressed and controlled by GABAergic neurons.
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  • Influences of Laryngeal Afferent Inputs on Vocalization
    Keisuke Shiba
    2006 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages 80-83
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: April 24, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.57.80
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    This paper reviews the mechanism of feedback control of vocal laryngeal movements via laryngeal afferents. Based on experimental results in our laboratory at Chiba University, I discuss characteristics of laryngeal afferent inputs during vocalization, effects of vibratory stimulation of the laryngeal mucosa on the laryngeal reflex, and influences of laryngeal afferent inputs on laryngeal muscle activity during vocalization.
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  • Muscle Spindles and Sensory Nerve Endings in the Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
    Masamitsu Hyodo, Yoichi Katto
    2006 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages 84-90
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: April 24, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.57.84
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    The larynx performs multiple complex functions including phonation, respiration, and deglutition. For precise regulation of these functions, a feedback mechanism involving sensory receptors in the larynx is indispensable. We investigated the morphological characteristics of the muscle spindles and sensory nerve endings in the larynx. In this paper, we present these results and discuss their roles in regulation of laryngeal functions. Muscle spindles were identified in all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except for the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, by histological study of human larynges. They were relatively infrequent and compact in their diameters and numbers of intrafusal muscle fibers compared with those in other skeletal muscles. Transmission electron microscopic observation showed a varicose pattern of the sensory nerve endings on the intrafusal fibers. Also, some nerve endings penetrated into the fibers, suggesting potentially high sensitivity of the muscle spindles as mechanoreceptors. The sensory nerve endings on the laryngeal muscles showed a multiform pattern, consisting of free nerve ending, flower-like ending, spiral ending, and terminal buttons. They seemed to work as multimodal sensory receptors.
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  • Central Projection to Laryngeal Motoneurons : Transneuronal Labeling Study
    H. Bamba
    2006 Volume 57 Issue 2 Pages 91
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: April 24, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.57.91
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Video Symposium : Surgical Management of Dysphagia
Panel Discussion 1 : Surgical Treatment for Cancer in the Cervical Esophagus
Panel Discussion 2 : Aspirin Intolerance—Relation between the Upper and Lower Airways—
Workshop 1 : Management of Tracheal Stenosis
Workshop 2 : Management of Laryngeal Stenosis
Luncheon Seminar 1
Luncheon Seminar 2
Luncheon Seminar 3
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