Silicon sands, carbon grains of red clay particles were given 240 guinea pigs respectively with an inspirator for duration from one hour to 16 days for 6 hours a day. After inspiration, the respiratory organ of the each animals were examined histopathologically.
With extend the piriod of inspiration, degeneration in the organ became remarkably. Damages of the lung were most severely; bleeding, edema and cellular infiltration were found. In the bronchus and trachea, cellular infiltration and epithelial tear were observed. Slight degeneration was found in the pharyngolarynx; cellular infiltration and partiallary capillary dilatation were observed.

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Various factors concerning with regional pulmonary circulation were studied in 72 asthmatic patients using pulmonary scintiscaning in asthmatic attack and non-attack. The following results were obtained.
1. In pulmonary perfusion scaning in asthmatic attack, some types of circulatory defects were seen on scintigram in all of 72 cases. It showed to exist regional disturanbces of pulmonary circulation. It was thought that was due to functional and organic change of pulmonary blood system, regional ventilative defects and other factors.
2. The circulatory defects were relative to the intensity of attack to some extent. Most of them were reversed. After abatement of attack, the circulatory defects were improved, and also with administration the defects in most cases were improved.
3. The circulatory defects were not always correlated with the findings in chest X-ray film, but the regional defects of pulmonary circulation tended to be left behind in clear pulmonary emphysema on X-ray film after abatement of attack. The findings of organic pulmonary diseases were different from the findings of asthma. Pulmonary emphysema and bronchiectasis showed some findings on scintigram, but they were not reversed.
4. The lower the functional defects (FVC, FEV 1, FEV 1%) in attack decreased, the severer the circulatory defects tended to be. But the relation with regional function could not be found.
5. The defects of circulation were uncertainly correlated with pulmonary circulation time (R-L time) and types of asthma.
6. The circulatory defects were distinctly correlated with absorptive function of bronchial wall. The regional defects of pulmonary blood flow were seen in many of the cases reduced absorptive function of bronchial wall. The facts showed that regional hypoxia caused by asthma and the secondary changes of tracheobronchial wall accompanied with it was one of the factors of the findings.
7. Many cases (97.0%) had contructed asthma under 5 years. The findings of regional circulatory defects of them were reversed. In attack they were reduced or disappeared. Some of the cases of contructing asthma above 5 years did not show the reversion. The improvement of the defects was generally decreased. The reversion tended to decrease in proportion to the length of period during contructing.

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The study is to evaluate the validity of scalene node biopsy and mediastinoscopy as methods of clinical examination on various pulmonary disabilities and to discuss the possible route of lymph node metastasis of cancer of the lung.
In a 4 year duration til June, 1966, 111 patients were examined and those included 45 patients of cancer the lung, 17 mediastinal tumor, 10 pulmonary tuberculosis, 8 sarcoidosis, 6 metastatic tumer of the lung and others. In general, scalene node biopsy and mediastinoscopy were infrequently positive in patients with pulmonary diseases unless the mediastinum were involved by the disease or the patients had sarcoidosis.
From the study of cervical lymph node and mediastinal metastases of cancer of the lung based on both examinations of biopsy and mediastinoscopy, an obvious route of metastasis was determined in none of each case and it was considered that metastases were produced via the much complicated route of lymphatic system. Considering the validity of scalene node biopsy and mediastinoscopy, as methods of pre-operative examination, it was assured that scalene node biopsy, as biopsy of distant lymph node from the lung, is an useful method fo- determination of indication of surgery, and mediastinoscopy as a good tool of examination of the mediastinum is useful to determine operability of the lesion of the lung.

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Intra-esophageal pressure was measured in patients with unusual sensation of the pharynx and larynx. The results were compaired with those in normal subjects and the interest was on analysis of the cause of this ailment.
The characteristics of the results were summerized and described as follows:
1) Cessation of peristalsis in the patients was observed more frequently than in normal subjects.
2) Some showed a general slowing of peristalsis and some showed a fast peristalsis in the lower esophagus.
3) Tow- or Three- peaked waves were observed in many cases, and a wave suggestive of non-peristaltic wave was also observed.
4) The above mentioned findings were compatible with x-ray findings in the patients with unusual sensation of the pharynx and larynx.

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Two cases of primary tumors of the cervical trachea were presented.
A case of adenoma, restricted in the cervical trachea at the level of 4 cm. below the glottis, was successfully removed by tracheotomy with curettment and cauterization.
A case of adenoid cystic carcinoma, localized mostly in the cervical trachea but some-what extended to the intrathracic trachea, was operated by complete circumferencial resection of the trachea with mediastinotomy by median sternotomy approach preserving the larynx and esophagus. The tumor, however, could not be removed completely even by this combined surgical approach, and was followed by Co⁶⁰ irradiation of total amount of 8000 R. The patient passed away from sudden rupture of an intrathoracic vessel 10 months after the operation.
The authors came to the conclusion that the tumor of the trachea, although uncommon, should be kept always in mind and early diagnosis made whenever symptomes of respiratory obstruction have developed, and that the tumor should be resected completely by surgical procedure without any addministration of irradiation therapy, if possible.
It is hoped that thraugh continued search for a suitable material we will be able to utilize a tracheal prosthesis.

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A 42 year-old house wife received re-anastomosis of the ureter and bladder in June, 1967 under general anesthesia by means of intratracheal intubation with nitrous oxide and fluothene. Pre-operative examinations were all within normal limits. Intubation was performed without difficulty and the procedure was done uneventfully.
Total blood loss was 400 ml and the duration of anesthesia was 3 hrs. and 50 min.
On the third postoperative day, the patient developed difficulty breathing most likely due to upper respiratory obstruction and EKG at this time showed coronary insufficiency. Immidiate tracheotomy was performed and resulted in a relief of the respiratory distress, and EKG had returned to normal.
On the 8th postoperative day, the patient coughed up a 1×1. 5cm mass of white exsudate and the patient recovered satisfactorily. Reviewed and discussed 49 cases of this disease reported in this country.

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