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Volume 34 (1983)
- Issue 6 Pages 409-
- Issue 5 Pages 359-
- Issue 4 Pages 297-
- Issue 3 Pages 225-
- Issue 2 Pages 67-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 34, Issue 2
Displaying 1-23 of 23 articles from this issue
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Yoshihiro Hayata1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 67-74
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFluorescence photoradiation was performed to investigate localization of tumor using hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) and krypton ion laser light in 35 cases of central type lung cancer. Fluorescence was recognized in all of 3 early stage cases and 29 of 32 cases of other stages of central type lung cancer. Nd-YAG laser vaporization was performed in 29 malignant and 6 benign lesions of the trachea and bronchus and improvement was obtained in 20 of 35 cases. Photoradiation therapy (PRT) with HpD and argon dye laser was performed in 53 cases of lung cancer. Complete tumor remission was obtained in 7 of 8 early stage central type lung cancer cases, which were inoperable or refused surgery, and partial remission was obtained in all other stage cases. The methcd was valuable to treat early stage central type lung cancer and also to reduce the extent of resection and to widen the indications of surgery.View full abstractDownload PDF (6282K) -
Hideo Mohri1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 75-81
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEukaryotic cilia and flagella have a common ultrastructure, nine outer doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of central microtubules, although their motility pattern is different from each other. There are water-propelling cilia such as mussel gill cilia and mucus-propelling ones such as mammalian tracheal cilia. The main components of cilia and flagella are an ATPase protein, dynein, and the constituent of microtubule, tubulin. These proteins are different from their counterpart in muscle, myosin and actin, respectively. Two rows of the arms projecting from the A-tubule of each doublet microtubule consist of dynein. Interaction between dynein and tubulin underlies the basic mechanism of ciliary and flagellar movement. The cilia and flagella demembranated with Triton X-100 can be reactivated by adding ATP, showing similar movement to that of intact ones. When the fragments of demembranated cilia and flagella are digested with trypsin to take off the hoops such as the radial spokes and the interdoublet links, adjacent doublets slide with each other one-dimensionally on addition of ATP. The sliding is mediated by the dynein arms, since it is prevented with anti-dynein antibody or vanadate, an inhibitor of dynein ATPase. It has been postulated that one side of cilium, e.g. doublet Nos. 1 to 5, shows active sliding in the effective stroke, whereas the other side, e.g. doublet Nos. 6 to 9, is active in the recovery stroke. How such local sliding is converted to local bending is still an open question. The initiation mechanism of ciliary and flagellar motion is another undissolved problem. In Kartagener's and other immotile-cilia syndrome, aberrant axonemal structures such as the arm- or the radial spoke-central pair complexdeficiency or the dislocation of outer doublets, etc., have been observed. Such defects in the axonemal structure have also been reported in several paralyzed mutants of Chlamydomonas.View full abstractDownload PDF (3953K) -
[in Japanese]1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 82-83
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
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Yoshikazu Yoshida, Toshimi Miyazaki, Michihisa Yamada, Takao Mitsumasu ...1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 84-92
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCentral location of motoneurons for each muscle which partakes of swallowing and phonation was investigated in cats utilizing the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. HRP labeled neurons were identified in the nuclei of the brain-stem and Cl, C2 ipsilaterally except for the esophageal muscle. The motoneurons supplying the various muscles which participate in important functions during swallowing and phonation were recognized in the nucleus ambiguus.
The somatotopical organization of the motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus was determined using the same method and was confirmed by electrical stimulation of the nuclei of some selected muscles.
The direct corticobulbar connection to the nucleus ambiguus was studied by means of the anterograde and retrograde axonal transport technique using WGA-HRP. We were not able to determine any nerve fibers which run from the motor cortex to the nucleus ambiguus.View full abstractDownload PDF (5565K) -
Takehiko Hukuhara1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 93-97
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe essentials of experimental results as well as the present views by previous authors on the anatomical localization, functional and neuronal organization of the respiratory centers were critically reviewed. In aiming to obtain more pertinent evidences on the anatomical localization, the functional and neuronal organization of the central respiratory mechanisms in the brain stem of the cat and rabbit, the different 10 series of experiments were undertaken. In the present review the experimental results concerning with changes in spontaneous unitary discharge pattern of the pontine and a bulbar respiratory neuron with simultaneous recording of both unit activities before and after brain stem transection at the ponto-bulbar junction were described and their physiological significance was discussed. Based on these experimental results a model of the neuronal organization of the central respiratory mechanisms in the brain stem consisting of 4 subsystems of respiratory neurons; a primary; a satellite; an input; and an output neuron system, was proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (947K) -
Masafumi Suzuki1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 98-103
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRespiratory function of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, especially of the posterior cricoarytenoid and cricothyroid, was neurophysiologically studied in experimental animals; cats and dogs.
The neural activity in the nerve trunk or individual filaments to the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) and the muscle activity of the cricothyroid (CT) were recorded under various physiological conditions to determine their respiratory function. The nerve to the PCA showed a rhythmic motor discharge which was synchronous with the inspiratory phase of respiration. The diacharge was delivered to the PCA which abducted the vocal cord just before the motor nerve activity in the phrenic began.
The PCA did not contract as a unit but as a group of many individual motor unit which differed considerably among one another. Some motor units showed activity throughout the entire period of inspiration, whereas others were only partly active, and others completely inactive during inspiration and came into play only when stimulated by such influences as hypercapnea or hypoventilation. Spontaneous activity of the PCA was closely related to that of the diaphragm, and was influenced in the same way by variations in oxygen and carbon dioxide, and was reflexly inhibited by any stimulation to the larynx or neighboring pharynx.
The PCA activity in the tracheotomized dog and the CT activity in bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis were also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (9340K) -
Tadaaki Sumi1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 104-109
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSwallowing is essentially a reflex in nature and is performed by an orderly sequence of excitation and inhibition of gnaw-oral as well as pharyngo-laryngeal muscles. The muscles also partake to respiration, sucking, mastication, phonation and others. Each function is known to be controlled directly by its own neural organization, however interrelates mutually. The motoneurons concerned are involved in each of the function depending upon the vital situation of the body encountered. The medullary swallowing center is subserved by the polysynaptic circuits connecting between the supramedullary brain stem reticular formations and the anterolateral cerebral cortices. Operation of the circuits leads to an enduring excitation of the medullary swallowing center, and in turn a repetition of swallowing movements. The center develops through intrauterine and early postnatal periods; when immatured it is fragile and readily susceptible to the nature and the grade of afferent oropharyngeal stimuli. Namely, the center requires the feedback control for its normal operation. Asphyxia also dissociates the function of swallowing center. These facts are discussed from the aspect of developmental biology and in the relevance of various clinical occasions of dysfunction of swallowing.View full abstractDownload PDF (5397K) -
Nozomu Saito1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 110-115
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe song ontogeny of birds is classified into 2 types. One kind of bird must learn the species-specific pattern of its song, the other need not learn but inherit the proper pattern. The former type of bird, for instance the canary has complicated vocal organ, the syrinx and the latter has a primitive syrinx. The peripheral and brain innervation patterns are also different between the two types of syrinx.
One cerebral vocalization center of the canary, either the n. robustus archistriatalis (RA) or the hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudale (HVc), has a specific role in performance of the song and elicits a specific pattern of unit spike discharge. The neurons of the centers responsible for voluntary vocalization also respond to sound stimulation at the same time: the HVc responds to white noise, and the RA responds to clicks, pure tones and FM sounds. An interconnecting organization between the vocal and auditory, or motor and sensory systems, in the cerebrum is speculated to be a means of connecting the RA and thalamic organization of the auditory area.View full abstractDownload PDF (6354K) -
Hajime Hirose1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 116-121
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased on fiberscopic and electromyographic findings, patterns of laryngeal articulatory adjustments in humans are presented and discussed. The principal mechanism of voiced-voiceless distinction appears to depend on the reciprocal adjustment between the abductor and adductor muscle groups of the larynx, which is substantiated during the expiratory phase of respiration. A contribution of the cricothyroid to the prosodic aspect of speech is also described. It is suggested that a close observation of the pattern of laryngeal dynamics in clinical cases with disorders of the central nervous system must be an important approach for elucidating the nature of the laryngeal control in humans.View full abstractDownload PDF (2798K) -
[in Japanese]1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 122
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
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Hiroshi Miyahara1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 123-129
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOur epidemiologic studies showed about two hundred mortality and three hundred incidence of the hypopharyngeal cancer in a year in Japan from 1978 to 1980. The age adjusted incidence rate was 0.4 for male and 0.1 for female. Male-to-female ratio was 2.5. The median age was into the seventh decade in both male and female.
The standardized morbidity rate of male demonstrated the remarkable difference in some prefectures. The development of the hypopharyngeal cancer, especially piriform sinus cancer, may be influenced by the excessive smoking and drinking liquors. Radiation treated in the past may also induce hypopharyngeal cancer. Also the development of postcricoid cancer may be related to the web formation in female.
Our 147 cases of the hypopharyngeal cancer resulted in 32.5 percent five-year survival rate, showing superiority of preoperative irradiation in advanced cases.
The prognosis of the hypopharyngeal cancer becomes poor, mainly because the patients visit us so late with advanced disease. For earlier diagnosis, screening of the high risk group complaining of throat discomfort should be done as a routine. Sputum cytology was also useful for the detection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1223K) -
Yasushi Murakami, Taketsugu Ikari, Shigenori Haraguchi, Koji Okada, Ma ...1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 130-134
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComplete resection and primary reconstruction are both the most important factors in the treatment of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancers. In order to secure the resection level superiorly at the oropharynx and inferiorly at cervical esophagus, margin studies of extirpated specimens were done. About 20% of examined cases showed positive margins at the oropharyngeal stump and 10% at the esophageal stump. Cancers extending below the level of Th2 showed a high incidence of skip lesions in the lower esophagus. Specimens of early pyriform sinus cancers, which were extirpated with the preservation of the larynx, showed positive margins only in a few cases and only at their oropharyngeal margins.
These results indicate that hypopharyngeal cancers may have a deep invasion' into the oropharynx and should be resected high up to the level of the palatine tonsil, and that total esophagectomy is advisable in case with cervical esophageal cancers to eliminate possible skippings.
The reconstructive technique should be selected to ensure better matching to these defects. One-stage reconstruction is essential, enabling an earlier application of postoperative therapy. Staged technique is thus abandoned. Among many options of one-stage techniques, we prefer the pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap for hypopharyngeal cancers and vascularized stomach or colon for cervical esophageal cancers. Several technical devices were demonstrated in the use of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for female patients with buxom breast, otherwise the flap is not indicated because of its bulkiness.View full abstractDownload PDF (8007K) -
Masaoki Uchida, Takakuni Kato, Nobukatsu Kawanishi, Nobuetsu Kamata, A ...1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 135-140
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe treatment results of 166 patients with hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancers were analyzed. They were 18 cases of Stage I, 35 Stage II, 56 Stage III, and 39 Stage IV, and treated by surgery or radiotherapy.
Among all these cases, 75 cases were treated surgically, and the accumulated survival rate was 30%.
The points requiring our highest attention for the operation were how long safety margin is required for complete resection of the primary lesion and what radial neck dissection should be adopted.
In spite of two to three cm of the upper and lower surgical safety margins, recurrence was noted in the mesopharynx in seven cases. Elective irradiation may, thus, be reasonable to those cases where recurrence in the mesopharynx is anticipated.
For pyriform sinus cancer, ipsilateral radical neck dissection must always be made simultaneously.
For other cancers originating from the postcricoid, posterior wall and cervical esophagus, bilateral neck dissection may be indicated. Thyroidectomy with paratracheal node dissection may be indispensable for postcricoid and cervical esophageal cancers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1031K) -
Teruo Kakegawa1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 141-147
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI experienced 102 patients with cervical esophageal cancer at Keio and Kurume University Hospitals in the last 22 years. Sixty-four cases (62.7%) of them received esophagectomy and their operative mortality was 10.9%. Cervical esophagectomy was performed in 12 cases, and total esophgectomy in 52 cases. Their operative mortalities were 33.3% and 5.8% respectively. Pulmonary complications and anastomotic leakages were found very oftens in the patients with cervical esophagectomy as compared with total esophagectomy. The majority of patients with total esophagectomy could swallow food by 20 postoperative days, but no patient with cervical esophagectomy could swallow food in the same time. Remaining cancer nests in the anal stump of resected esophagus were found in 25% of the patients with cervical esophagectomy but none of the patients with total esophagectomy. The majority of patients with cervical esophagectomy died of local recurrence within 12 months after the surgery, while many patients with total esophagectomy died of lung metastasis after 12 postoperative months. Relative 5-year survival rates were 20% and 30% respectively. Based on these results such as higher curavility, lesser operative complications, earlier intake of food and relatively high survival rate, the total esophagectomy may be considered as a profitable procedure for the resection of cancer in the cervical esophagus.View full abstractDownload PDF (2669K) -
Toshihiko Inoue1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 148-153
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom 1956 through 1980, 336 patients with carcinoma of the hypopharynx were treated at Osaka University and The Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka. The patients allocated to radiotherapy have steadily increased in number. Overall 5-year survival rate was 25%. Based on multivariate analysis, it is reasonably concluded that 3-year survival is mainly discriminated by stage of the disease and treatment method.
.Exophytic tumor arising on the upper part of the hypopharynx has a high curability with radiotherapy. In the relatively advanced cases, special attention should be paid to topographic distribution of the nodal deposit. Rouviere und upper mediastinal nodes should be considered in the far advanced cases.
Radical radiotherapy is indicated for stage I of all sites and II of posterior wall. Stage II of postcricoid and pyriform sinus as well as III of all sites should be treated with preoperative radiotherapy. In stage IV, especially N2 and N3, treatment results are so far quite unsatisfactory.
In-vivo dosimetry during radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervical esophagus shows that double wedge technique should be limited to the cases with target volume ranged from 13 through 23cm from the upper incisor teeth without nodal disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (981K) -
Satoshi Ebihara, Isamu Ono, Hiroo Saitou, Takashi Yoshizumi1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 154-159
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 14-year retrospective review and analysis of 150 previously untreated patients with scquamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx are presented. Clinical stage by UICC (1974) had a great influence on the prognosis. Five year survival rates were 56% in T1 and T2 cases and 21% in T3 cases. Patients with cervical lymph nodes involvement had poor prognosis, especially in the cases of carcinoma of the postcricoid and posterior wall. The desirable choice of treatment at the first time is radiation therapy for patients with carcinoma of the piriform sinus and surgical treatment for patients with carcinoma of the postcicoid and the posterior wall.View full abstractDownload PDF (1174K) -
1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 161-169
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
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1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 169-177
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
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1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 177-185
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
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1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 185-193
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
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1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 193-201
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
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1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 201-210
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
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1983 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 210-219
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010
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