Bronchial anomaly of trachea-bronchial trees is rather rare. Cases, however, have been reported these days after newly developed intruments are devised, with master of bronchography technique.
33 years old female, complaining of productive cough was bronchoscoped and right upper lobe bronchus was found to be originating from trachea. This was confirmed by bronchogram.
55 years old female, with cough & hemosputa was found to have bronchial anomaly and bifurcation rather irregular in its divisin.
Cases were reviewed with recent available literaturs pathology was discussed.

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Four patients with esophageal foreign bodies which occured in 3 children with congenital stenosis and esophageal stricture due to congenital esophageal atresia repair are presented. The diagnostic difficulties and special esophagoscopic technical problems encountered in these children are discussed in relation to usual form of esophageal foreign body impaction in normal children.

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New technique for hyperplasia of the false cord, which is not curable by conservative theapy, was done by present authur to 5 patient (both sides 3, one side 2) since 1970. The technique is as follow: Under a binocular lupe and indirect laryngoscope, the muous membrane including submucosal tissue of the upper surface of the false cord is resected by a spindleshaped Cttiung line parallel to the border of the false. coid. The extent of the excisi is deteimined case by case. The technique is simple and the functional results obtained were satisfactory.

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Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is a benign disease consisting of the formation of multiple osteo-cartilaginous lesions in the walls of the trachea and bronchi which project into the lumens of those structures.
Possible etiologies of this interesting entity have been described as congenital malformation, metabolic disorder and changes secondary to inflammation among others.
Most of the cases were found and described at autopsy.
Endoscopically, it has been found in association with chronic bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial cancer and lung cancer, and may be present in the wall of larynx, trachea, mainatem and lobar bronchi.
In 1972, we reported a case of this entity diagnosed by flexible fiber-bronchoscopic examination which seemed to be a congenial malformation.
This time we present a 62 year old female who had bronchopathia chondroplastica in the wall of the right lower lobe bronchus, which was found by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and the diagnosis confirmed histopathologically.
This patient had biopsy confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma to the pleura, sternum, right femur and ilium. The primary lession was strongly suspected to originate in the lower lobe of the right lung.

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Cystic hygroma of the neck of a six-month-old female infant was removed. About one month later, severe respiratory distress was noted. Bronchoscopic examination revealed severe stenosis of the trachea just over the level of carina. Recurrence in the mediastinum was suspected. After fifty days following the first operation, mediastinotomy was performed and cystic mass was removed by median sternotomy approach.
The literature is reviewed.
The treatment of choice for cystic hygroma is surgical excision. Successes with aspirations, chemical injectables and radiotherapy are rare.
Treatment of cervicomediastinal hygroma is recommended by separation operations in the neck and thorax.

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