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Volume 83 (1974)
- Issue 6 Pages 351-
- Issue 5 Pages 281-
- Issue 4 Pages 205-
- Issue 3 Pages 143-
- Issue 2 Pages 65-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 83, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Keiji NAKAZAWA1974 Volume 83 Issue 2 Pages 65-88
Published: April 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Permian-Triassic boundary problems are grouped into two, the one concerning the boundary itself, and the other one related to the so-called mass extinction at or near the erathem boundary. As to the former, bio-or chronostratigraphic classification and correlation are discussed, and in the latter one, case histories of bivalves in the world during the Late Permian and Early Triassic times and also of faunal change in Japan during the Late Permian are examined.
There are several schemes of classification and ammonite zonation of the Early Triassic, such as those proposed by SPATH (1934), KUMMEL (1957), KIPARISOVA and POPOV (1956, 1964), and TOZER (1956, 1964). TOZER's classification and ammonite zones are based on the data derived from the Arctic province, while the other ones are made by compilation of date from various places. It is necessary for settling the international standard to establish the ammonite zones in the Tethys, especially in Kashmir and Himalayas, and to correlate them with those of the Arctic.
The division and correlation of the Upper Permian is still more in dispute because of the provinciality due to the worldwide regression. From the recent investigations in Iran, India and others by the writer and his collaborators, the Upper Permian is tentatively divided into two series, the Guadalupian and the Dzhulfian (s.1.) in this paper, and the latter is further subdivided into three stages, that is, the Abadehian, the Dzhulfian (s.s.), and the Dorashamian in ascending order, although the characteristics of the Abadehian fauna and the relation to the Amarassian are to be further examined. The correlation is shown in Table 7. The base of the Triassic is referred here to the base of Otoceras woodwardi zone in the Himalayas.
A conventional plot of the number of bivalves of various taxonomic levels at different times shows that the marked change took place mainly at genus and species levels, and that the extinction happened not instantaneously but went on through the Late Permian and the great diversity did not occur until the Middle Triassic or later.
The compositional change of faunal assemblages during the Late Permian in Japan and Malay Peninsula as shown in P-G-O diagrams (Figs. 10 A and B), suggests that the change may be explained by an increasing degree of embayment condition, which is harmonious with the paleogeographic change which is presumed from geological observations.
Many opinions have been presented on the cause of mass extinction, but it is difficult to explain by a simple cause. Thinking the accessible data stated above collectively, the mass extinction at the close of the Paleozoic is considered to be most related to the aggravation of environments for organisms, such as the worldwide regression, especially of shallow epicontinental sea, predominance of dry climate, presumable change of salinity or other chemical components of the ocean. All these must have resulted in excessive competition of organisms and change of ecosystem, which further caused the extinction of many organisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (4771K) -
Toshio SHIBOI1974 Volume 83 Issue 2 Pages 89-102
Published: April 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe field data on the air and ground temperature at Onneyu-Tsutsujiyama obtained during the period from June, 1972 to September, 1973 show clear distinction between the normal ground and the cold anomaly. The nineteen cold anomalies in Kitami region, including at Tsutsujiyama, studied in 1972 and 1973 are characterized by their severe frost-shattering and-cracking producing block-slopes and protalus ramparts, and the abnormal ecological environment of high mountain level contrasted to the normal surrounding areas.
The source of low temperature for the cold air circulating through the spaces within block-slope is believed to be the preserved sporadic permafrost or its more or less decayed relict produced during the last glacial period. The present average annual air temperature and day-degree value are too high to produce it now.
Thus, the more the amount of cold air blowing out from the spaces of block-slopes and frost-cracked bedrock and warm rain-water permeating into them is, the decaying rate of cold source is believed higher.View full abstractDownload PDF (2640K) -
Saburo NOMA, Hiroshi KADOMURA, Kazuo NAKAMURA, Hideki NOZAWA, Nobuyuki ...1974 Volume 83 Issue 2 Pages 103-124
Published: April 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2010
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Joyo OSSAKA1974 Volume 83 Issue 2 Pages 125-133
Published: April 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA submarine volcano near Nishinoshima, Bonin Islands, began its activity in about April 1973. At first only the colored zone on the sea by the eruption was found. In. May the smoke and the small eruptions were recognized. In June the reef sometimes appeared. In September there appeared a new volcanic island. It grew up to the island, which was about 600 m long from east to west, about 300 m from north to south and about 60 m high as of 21 December. During these times the, pit moved on 700 m. According to the results of the investigations on 31 May, 5 July, 14 September, 9 October and 21 December and the informations collected the author reports the development of the volcano.View full abstractDownload PDF (2246K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...1974 Volume 83 Issue 2 Pages 134-138
Published: April 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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1974 Volume 83 Issue 2 Pages 141
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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[in Japanese]1974 Volume 83 Issue 2 Pages Plate1-Plate2
Published: April 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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