Japanese goldfish is adequate for toxicity testing in the field because of low cost and easiness in lethal effect testing compared with commonly used laboratory species such as mice or rats. 24-hr TLm for many food additives, poisons and inorganic compounds in goldfish were measured, and we demonstrated its usefulness for the field test in case like the powdered milk poisoning case which had occurred in Japan in 1955 with more than ten thousands injureds babies and one hundred and thirty deaths owing to contamination of preservatives added to milk with arsenic compounds. Further, by this method, lethal effects of mixed chemicals could be easily observed. For such an example, increased toxicity of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in the presence of pentasodium tripolyphate was demonstrated.

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This trial was undertaken to examine the possibility of application of WISC-test to 3-year-age children.
This test was already standardized by Kodama and Shinagawa to the japanese children above 5-year-age.
A total of III children (male and female) were extracted at random from children in Nagoya City and its suburbs to examine the possibility of standardization.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. The arrangement of problems do not always follow the easiness, and some of them must be shifted each other.
2. Right answers were not obtained about the problems of general-understanding, vocabulary, number-call (in reverse order) and the coincidence of pictures.
3. The higher percentage of right answer will be able to be obtained by adding the easier questions to the problems of general kdowledge, resemblance and performance of pictures.
4. The contents of each problems must be more familiar with the living-conditions of children.
If the above-stated points would be revised, the standardization of this test to 3-year-age children is considered to be possible.

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Methylmercury sulfate was synthesized by the reaction of methylmercury hydroxide with sulfuric acid. It was identified as (CH₃Hg)₂SO₄ from results of elementary analyses and infrared absorption spectrum. It is decomposed at 245°C, and is easily soluble in water, but it is hardly or not soluble in organic solvents. It is not steam-distillable in water or sulfuric acid. It changes to CH₃HgCl in the existence of chloride in the solution.

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For the research on test and measurement, the evaluation of measurement error is inevitable. The basic data for evaluation are obtained by the process of measurement, and also, for better evaluation, it is very important to evaluate the measurement error and causes of error. At the evaluating processes, such error must be considered reasonably. Therefore, the error which is included in flexibility measurement is discussed in this paper by the way of analysis of variance. At the same time, by the way of analysis of variance, the objectivity of flexibility measurement which is done by angular-method is discussed, too. In other words, through the computation of measurement error which is caused by repetition of measurement carried by the same testee and also through the computation of measurement error which is caused by repetition of measurement carried by the different testers, the measurement error is investigated.
1) The measurement error of trunk flexion is 1.7 degree for angular-method and 2.0cm for distance-method at the five repetitions, and also 1.5 degree and 1.7cm at the three repetitions, respectively.
2) For the trunk flexion measurement, such measurement values as dropping into the interval x±1.7 degree is thought as the good representative value of measurement. This interval is called as a sort of critical region.
3) Through the above mentioned investigation, the measurement error affects the first digit of degree unit and also first digit of cm unit, respectively. Therefore, it is good enough only to read the degree unit and cm unit at angular-method and distance-method, respectively.
4) At the comparison of measurement error between trunk flexion and extension, it is the least for trunk flexion and the most for trunk extension, and medium for trunk sideward bend. Furthermore, the extent to which the measurement error is included in the mean value of each measurement item tends to show the same thing.
5) At the comparison of measurement error which is caused at three-times-repeated and fivetimes-repeated measurement of angular-method the significant difference of measurement error could not be found. However, in general, the measurement error ranging from minimum, 1.5 degree to maximum, 3.5 degree is found. Minimum error, 1.5 degree was found at trunk flexion, and maximum one, 3.5 degree was found at trunk extension.
6) Analysis of variance was applied to the trunk flexion, extension and sideward bend data, the differences of measurement error due to different testees are not significant statistically, at significance level 0.01 and 0.05. In other words, any difference between testees do not influence to measurment error variation.
7) And also, the differences of measurement error due to different testers are not significant statistically at significance level, 0.01 and 0.05. In other words, the extent of measurement error variation does not influence to the measures significantly. Therefore, this means that this test is highly objective.

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Advances in the treatment and prevention of diseases have resulted in marked improvement in death rates among populations. A corresponding improvement in the death rate from accidents, however, has not been attained. On the basis of the mortality data available, motor vehicle accidents certainly appear to qualify as a public health problem which is to amenable to the epidemiologic approach used in other mass diseases. Whereas many factors in the environment may influence the efficiency and safety of the operators of vehicle, scanty data are available as for the frequency of motor vehicle accidents in a snowy area.
In the winter season of 1965, seasonal curves of number of road accidents, of persons injured and of persons killed all represented the lowest level throughout the year in Niigata Prefecture that has been known as one of heavy snowfall areas in Japan. It has been pointed out that snow tends to be accompanied by a lower volume of travel, but with increased accidents rates per unit of travel. Then, relation between the number of road accidents and the mean temperature outside the vehicle was worked out during January, February and March of 1965. The frequency of vehicle accidents rose sharply when the mean temperature fell below 1.5°C. The correlationship between the mean temperature and the daily incidence of slippy accidents pulled out of all vehicle accidents was found to be intimate, a coefficient being -0.42 with the probability level of less than 0.01. Slippy accidents tended to occure frequently on days when the mean temperature was below 4.5°C and its incidence was obviously high when the mean temperature outside the vehicle was below 1°C.
The findings indicate that an icy surface causes a high incidence of slippy vehicle accidents under the condition of low environmental temperature in a snowy area.

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Night-soil was anaerobically digested in small experimental tank with three different methods; gas recirculation stirring, mechanical stirring and simple static digestion. The digestion progressed only upon gas stirring. Concerning gas stirring from the reason of construction of the apparatus desulfation and removal of water from the gas were carried out. During this procedure ammonia was also removed.
Consequently, it became evident that the removal of ammonia was intimately relating to the process of the digestion and facilitating the process of digestion. The effect of gas stirring on digestion was different between night-soil obtained during summertime and those obtained during the season of relativly low temperature. The ammonia gas produced by night-soil obtained during the season of low temperature was more readily removed in the present experiment, indicating the influence of the mode of existence of ammonia in night-soil on the process of digestion.
Results of experiments are summarized as follows.
1) Gas stirring alone facilitated the process of digestion among three treatments of night-soil, gas stirring, mechnical stirring, simple static treatment at anaerobic condition.
2) When ammonia is readily removed by gas stirring, marked decreased was found in BOD₅, volatile acids alkalinity, albuminoid nitrogen, and total alkalinity, indicating the facilitation of digestion.
3) Night-soil obtained in March and April were rich in ammonia which was readily removed by gas stirring, whereas night-soil obtained in July and September contained a large amount of ammonia which was not easily evaporated by gas stirring. The form of existence of ammonia therefore appears to be diffrent according to the season.

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In the hygienic study of clothing, it is important to examine the pressing degree of underwears on our bodies. When our mothions change the shape of our underwears, it may be said that the pressing degree of underwear has a close relation with the deformation of underwear. The paper on the deformation of underwears are discussed as following.
1) Analytical consideration of the details of the deformation of underwears.
2) The method of finding out the deforming inclination of underwears.
3) The method of finding out the instantaneous deformation of a part of underwears, which is partially caused by our motions. The deformation is measured by the detector with non-drowing thread of thermo-plastic synthetic fiber (nylon, polyester fiber etc.) sewed to the underwears.
4) The method of geometrically figuring the instantaneous deformation value of underwears and the statistical method of calculating the representative value of instantaneous deformation of underwears.
5) The method of measuring the surface area of underwears when we put on them.

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