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Volume 37 (1982 - 198･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 833-
- Issue 5 Pages 753-
- Issue 4 Pages 673-
- Issue 3 Pages 589-
- Issue 2 Pages 499-
Volume 37, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Masao Mishima, Takashi Hoshiai, Kazuo Sugawara1982 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 499-504
Published: June 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFifty-nine samples of teeth were taken from healthy children 7 to 13 years of age residing in Tokyo. Cadmium, iron, lead and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and graphite furnace atomizer systems, after separation of the enamel and dentine.
The results were as follow:
1) The distributions of trace metals in human teeth were approximately log-normal distributions, both for essential and non-essential metals.
2) Trace metals in teeth showed both mono-peak and double-peak profiles.
3) Significant positive correlations have been found between enamel and dentine for iron.View full abstractDownload PDF (580K) -
Kazuya Matsumoto, Tomoko Matsui, Masao Kawamori1982 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 505-509
Published: June 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwenty-four hour polygrams were recorded, after three hours of forced exercise, for eight male Wistar rats, aged 13 weeks, with chronically implanted electrodes. The results are as follows: in all cases, PS was at first significantly prolonged after exercise when compared to the PS prior to exercise, but such significant differences failed to occur in the cases of LS and DS. Concerning the proportion of each sleep stage relative to TT, there was no significant difference between the pre- and post-exercise in the case of LS, but DS increased and PS decreased after exercise. In relation to TS, the proportion of each sleep stage showed similar tendencies. PS was inhibited for approximately six hours after exercise, but thereafter there was no difference. As for amounts per hour, PS and DS were higher in light and lower in darkness, regardless of it was whether before or after exercise, thus indicating circadian rhythms. LS, however, did not display such this rhythm.
It may be concluded from the above that DS is involved in the process of recovery from physical fatigue.View full abstractDownload PDF (674K) -
Shigeo Koike, Yukikazu Kuno, Hiroyuki Morita1982 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 510-515
Published: June 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of quartz dust on lipid peroxidation, extracellular release of lactate dehydrogenase and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in vitro pulmonary alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were examined. As controls, either macrophages alone or those exposed to inert corundum dust were used. An increase in malonyldialdehyde, a product of the decomposition of unsaturated fatty acids, was observed after alveolar macrophages had been incubated for 1hr with 3mg/107 cells quartz. A significant extracellular release of lactate dehydrogenase into the medium caused by quartz dust indicates that the quartz exerts damaging effects on macrophage membranes. Quartz considerably accelerated NBT reduction, whereas corundum did not cause any reduction.
The above studies thus indicate that lipid peroxidation induced by quartz particle ingestion in alveolar macrophages can be associated with the generation of superoxide anions which exert damaging effects on the cell membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (879K) -
Chigusa Date, Heizo Tanaka, Kentaro Yoshikawa, Yutaka Ueda, Terumi Bab ...1982 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 516-529
Published: June 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGas liquid chromatography was employed as a means to determine the amount of various sugars in food.
The procedure which was newly established here was as follows;
1) Preparation of the sample
2) Extraction of sugars
The sugars were extracted with water or with 80% ethanol by reflux heating for 15min.
3) Oximation
One ml of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in pyridine (25mg/ml) was added and the mixture was heated at 70∼80°C for 30min
4) Trimethylsilylation
Two point five ml (2.5ml) of pyridine/hexamethyldisilazane/trimethylchlorosilane (10/2/1) was added. After the solution was allowed to stand at room temperature for 5min., it was centrifuged at 3, 000r.p.m. for 10min.
5) Injection into GLC
Oxim-trimethylsilyl (Oxim-TMS) derivatives were separated on OV-17 by a combination of isothermal and programmed oven temperatures. Sorbitol, fructose, glucose, sucrose, lactose and maltose were measured with inositol or n-docosane as the internal standard for a single chromatogram. The method was judged satisfactory as it was reliable and reproducible.
Oxim-TMS derivatives can be kept for one week, if they are kept in capped glass tubes at room temperature. Water extracts can be kept for 25 days at either 4°C or -20°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1642K) -
Nobuhiro Konno, Toru Yamauchi, Hideo Kinebuchi1982 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 530-541
Published: June 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to consider the effects of age on the delayed neurotoxicity and tissue distribution caused by the organophosphorus insecticide Phosvel (leptophos).
1. Comparisons were made between 10 young (3-month-old) chickens and 10 adult (23-month-old) chickens which had been given 400mg/kg Phosvel in a single dose. Five chickens were used as controls in each group. The birds were observed daily for mortality and neurotoxic reactions throughout the 28-day test period.
Cholinergic toxicity which developed shortly after ingestion was greater in young chickens than in adult, while the reverse was true for delayed neurotoxicity.
There was no difference based on age concerning the time required for signs of delayed neurotoxicity to appear. Ataxia in the lower limbs developed between 9 and 13 days after Phosvel administration.
The growth rates of young ataxic and paralyzed bird were lower than those of the controls. A sharp weight loss occurred in adult chickens during the time between the onset of ataxia and paralysis.
2. The concentration of Phosvel in various tissues of birds were analyzed by gas chromatography.
When the chickens were sacrificed 24hrs after administration, the concentrations of Phosvel in the lungs, liver, breast muscle and brain were less than 1ppm in wet tissue but there were no age differences. Concentrations in wet adipose tissue ranged from 9 to 12ppm. Since the adipose tissue in adult chickens constitutes a large proportion of total body weight than in young chickens the Phosvel content (total Phosvel in adipose tissue/total dose) was in fact, found to be approximately 13 times greater in the former.
3. Chickens were sacrificed 6, 24, 48 and 72hrs after Phosvel administration of 400mg/kg. Phosvel concentration in the brain peaked at 6hrs and then decreased sharply between 24 and 72hrs. Its biological half-life in the brain was 16.7hrs for young chickens and 15.8hrs for adult chickens. The halflife in adipose tissue was 30.1hrs for young chickens and 100.3hrs for adult chickens.
4. In conclusion, there is an age difference in the delayed neurotoxicity of Phosvel after oral administration to chickens. Phosvel content (% of dosage) and the biological half-life in adipose tissue also show the age difference. However, there is no difference in the concentration of Phosvel in brain of young and adult chickens.View full abstractDownload PDF (1447K) -
Shigeki Shiomi, Kazuhisa Miyashita, Takahiro Kasamatsu, Hirotoshi Iwat ...1982 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 542-548
Published: June 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThermography is a new method used to diagnose peripheral circulatory disturbances caused by excessive vibration. The present study investigated the skin temperature of human hands, using a thermograph to provide cold. The subjects included nine healthy males, 23 to 31 years of age, and three patients aged 44, 54 and 64 with Raynaud's phenomenon caused by their occupational environment. Subjects were exposed to cold air, 13-15°C, for 60 minutes four times a year, i.e. in autumn (September-October), winter (January-February), spring (April-May) and summer (July-August).
The results were as follows:
1) In the control group, the skin temperature of the fingertip prior to exposure was almost as high as that of the back of the hand regardless of the season, but the skin temperature of the fingertip during exposure to cold decreased more noticeably than that of the back of the hand.
2) In the control group, both skin temperatures prior to exposure were higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. During exposure to cold in summer and autumn, the temperatures decreased more than in winter and spring.
3) In two patients, Raynaud's attacks were provoked by exposure to cold, but only in spring.
4) The difference in skin temperature changes between the control group and the patient group suggests that it is best to measure skin temperature in winter and spring in order to evaluate the peripheral circulatory functions. Moreover, it appears possible to accurately assess skin temperature in summer or autumn by exposure to cold. In conclusion, special regard should be paid on the effects of environmental factors in every season when skin temperatures are used to evaluate peripheral circulatory disturbances caused by excessive vibration levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (2717K) -
Hajime Matsushima1982 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 549-556
Published: June 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mass fragmentographic determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soils is described. Mass fragmentography, using a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, is superior to other methods because of its quick separation, specificity of mass spectra and high sensitivity. The method was as follows: i) PAH in soil were extracted with a benzene-methanol mixture (10:3) by shaking. ii) Interfering compounds were eliminated on a florisil column with benzene. iii) The concentrated benzene was fractionated on a silicic acid column. The first fraction contained aliphatic hydrocarbons, was eluted with isooctane. And the second containing the PAH with isooctane-benzene mixture (1:1). iv) A mass fragmentographic analysis (20eV) of the PAH was performed.
The recovery of PAH in soil samples was greater than 80% for those amounts ranging from 20 to 200μg. Using the present method, for soil samples collected in the Hirakata Bay area, PAH were identified as anthracene+phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)fluorene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene (benzo(e)pyrene), dibenzo(a, h)anthracene and benzo(ghi)perylene, which were found to range in concentration from 0.014mg/kg to 8.44mg/kg for dry samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (869K) -
Masanobu Yamakawa, Konosuke Nishida1982 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 557-565
Published: June 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe expressed purpose of odor control is to eliminate the pollution caused by offensive odors. The present Offensive Odor Control Law in Japan, however, does not cover complex odors which are actually emitted. Some local authorities, e.g. the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, have enacted so-called Sensory Regulation Bylaws based on actual human sensory responses, using the odor dilution number. Then considerable results have been obtained in terms of magnification of the regulation extent. But if the sensory evaluation system is used to evaluate all aspects of the odor problem, it must be made more pervasive by including the sensory characteristics of the exhaust odors from actual sources.
In this study, a multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between the concentrations of the various constituents of complex odors and the odor dilution threshold(D/T). From the examination about odors emitted from a pig farm and dead animal processings, or rendering plants, the following results were obtained.
1) Changes in odor intensity or unpleasantness of pig farm odors by dilution are less than changes in odors from dead animal processings.
2) For rendering odors, the D/T value is high due to free fatty acids, such as butylic or varelic acid, which, however, are not regulated by the present laws.
3) Even a low concentration odorants may strongly effect the sense of smell.
4) D/T values can be estimated from the 5 or 6 principle odorants from the sources considered here together with R2>0.99 and SE<50.View full abstractDownload PDF (1085K) -
Seiyo Sano, Noriyoshi Yamashita, Shosuke Kawanishi, Hiroshi Iguchi, Ta ...1982 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 566-579
Published: June 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn epidemiological survey and clinical investigations were carried out on 162 retired workers from manganese mines and ore grinders, who were the residents of the Tamba district of Kyoto Prefecture. Most of the workers had been employed in small industrial factories with less than five employees under very poor working conditions. Fifty-five percent of them had worked in the mines and factories for longer than 11 years. Forty-six percent had been retired for 11-20 years, whereas 27% for longer than 21 years. A group of 124 people living in the same region but who had not been exposed to manganese served as the control group.
The incidence of subjective symptoms associated with chronic manganese poisoning such as emotional instability, psychomotor irritability and neurologic abnormalities was apparently high in the experimental group and it increased with the period of exposure to manganese dust. Twenty-eight percent of the workers reported the subjective symptoms while they were employed, but 45% of them reported as late as six years after they retired.
Of the retired workers, five (3.1%) had parkinsonism, three (1.9%) showed symptoms of hemiparkinsonism, and fifteen (9.3%) showed neurological symptoms including maskedlike, gait unbalance, slurred speech and imparied fine movements. Forty-five percent of these patients recognized these abnormalities for more than five years after they had left the contaminated workings. It is noteworthy that 39% of the retired workers were diagnosed as having pneumoconiosis.
Some of the problems encountered in diagnosing manganese poisoning after exposure has been terminated is also discussed here.View full abstractDownload PDF (1722K)
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