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Volume 38 (1983 - 198･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 887-
- Issue 5 Pages 817-
- Issue 4 Pages 741-
- Issue 3 Pages 667-
- Issue 2 Pages 581-
Volume 38, Issue 5
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Kohichi Harada, Hajime Miura1983 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 817-822
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDicarboxylic porphyrins, such as proto, meso, deutero, etc. are not excreted into urine but into bile4), however small amounts of protoporphyrin are often determined at the determination of urinary coproporphyrin1). Chiba2) reported urinary protoporphyrin in rabbits suffering from tin poisoning. Small amounts of tricarboxylic porphyrin have been found in the urine of animals with lead poisoning3). Since proto and tricarboxylic porphyrin have a simillar acid solubility, there is a possibility of confuse between these two porphyrins.
In order to determine free porphyrin and the metylester of the porphyrins, paper chromatography using a lutidine-water system and thin layer chromatography using a benzene-ethylacetate system were respectively employed. The metylester gave a pattern typical of etio-type porphyrins with a Soret maximum of 404nm in a CHCl3 solution. Although tricarboxylic porphyrin in urine was eatimated to be at a level of only 3% of that of coproporphyrin in both normal and lead-poisoned rabbits, there was a heigh correlation (r=0.932, n=49) between the amounts both in urine.
The results suggest that urinary tricarboxylic porphyrin is an intermediate substance deriving during the process of oxidative decarboxylation from coproporphyrinogen to protoporphyrinogen and, that excretion of the pigment may be increased by lead, because lead disturbs certain stages of porphyrin biosynthesis. Intermediates in the pathway may, therfore, accumulate in vivo. The amount of urinary tricarboxylic porphyrin is thought to be of little value as an indicator of lead poisoning because of the complicated required to assertain it. Coproporphyrin, on the other hand, does not present such technical difficulties.View full abstractDownload PDF (690K) -
Reference values and the trace elements patterns for determining normal levelsMitsuhiro Kamakura1983 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 823-838
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwenty-one elements in hair were analyzed from 1, 008 Japanese men and 891 women who were living in the Tokyo area and considered healthy. Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry was used for Hg, and the ICAP method for Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Mo, Mn, Zn, Cr, Se, Li, Ni, Co, V, Pb, Cd, Al and As. The results are as follows.
(1) Goodness-of-fit tests conducted for each element indicated no true normal or log-normal distributions at the 0.1% significant level for any element. However, P and Zn were similar to normal distributions, and Ca, Mg, Na, K and Mn to log-normal distributions.
(2) The relationship between each element and age was examined. No element required reference values on the basis of age. However, eight elements, P, Na, K and Hg (higher in men), and Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn (higher in women) showed sex differences for both parametric and nonparametric tests.
(3) By investigating correlations and partial correlations and performing factor analyses, patterns in certain elements and differences between these patterns were found among men and women. The combinations of Ca-Mg (r: _??_ 0.674, _??_ 0.750) and Na-K (r: _??_ 0.586, _??_ 0.616) showed high correlations in both men and women. In such pairs, the ratio between the two seems to be important in determining the amount of each.
(4) On the basis of the above, trace element reference values, appropriate as screening levels, could be based by the Herrera's percentile method. These values may also be useful as basic levels in specifying the presence of disease and to provide data for interracial or intercultural comparisons.View full abstractDownload PDF (1835K) -
Heavy metal absorption and actionYutaka Nasu1983 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 839-852
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine the potential use of Lemna paucicostata 6746 as an indicator of water pollution, its potential utilization as a purifier of waste water and in order to study the biokinetics of heavy metals, Lemna sensitivity to heavy metals and its absorptive mode for metals were studied.
The experiments were started by planting 1 colony of Lemna in 50ml flask containing 25ml of medium supplemented with 1% sucrose and chemicals to be tested, and the culturings were made under continuous illumination of 6, 000lx at 25°C for 1 to 7 days. After the culturing period, the number of fronds and the wet weight per flask were counted and the concentrations of heavy metals absorbed by Lemna were measured.
1) Lemna was most sensitive to cadmium in Bonner-Devirian medium (pH 6.1) which had been supplemented with 1% sucrose under continuous illumination of 6, 000lx at 25°C.
2) Given the above conditions, multiplication was inhibited by 50% with 0.1ppm of copper, 1ppm of manganese, 1ppm of zinc, or 1ppm of arsenic.
3) Arsenic and copper inhibited the vegetative growth of Lemna more effectively than its actual multiplication, whereas zinc, manganese and cadmium primarily inhibited multiplication.
4) The concentration coefficient of cadmium for Lemna was from approximately 100 to 500 at the 24-th hour from the onset of culturing on Bonner-Devirian medium containing cadmium (pH 6.1) under continuous illumination of 6, 000lx at 25±1°C.
Seven days after culturing had begun, 70% of the cadmium in 25ml of medium was absorbed by Lemna on 0.01ppm of cadmium containing medium, 50% on 0.1ppm, and 2% on 1ppm cadmium containing medium.
5) Those factors which cause Lemna to be more sensitive to cadmium-the high pH value of the medium, its low concentration of nutrient salts, and warm temperatures-were also shown to be effective for the rapid absorption of cadmium by Lemna. However, it should be noted that individual metals affect the means of absorption as well as their specific activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (1573K) -
Hiroshi Takigawa, Hiroshi Sakamoto, Fumiyo Hayashi, Kiyoo Matsui1983 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 853-862
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe amount of body sway in upright posture in 21 healthy subjects was observed when foot angle was changed.
Feet were positioned at angle of 0°, 30°, 60° or 90°. Body sway was mearsured by the strain gaugeplatform system reported previously. Amount of body sway was equivalent to the degree of the center of gravity. The subjects were examined when their eyes were open for 45 seconds and subsequently, when closed for 45 seconds for each foot angle.
The results were as follows:
1) The body sway at 0° or 90° was greater significantly than at 30° or 60°. Lateral sway at 0° and frontback sway at 90° were remarkably great, regardless of whether the subjects had their eyes open or not.
2) When the subject's eyes were closed, body sway increased significantly for all foot angle positions. Sway wave-length increments were dominant in the middle frequency band of approximately 0.3Hz. Here, the degree of increment of both lateral and front-back sway at 0° and that for front-back sway at 90° was greater than that at 30° and 60° respectively.
3) No significant differences were observed based on foot angle for the time required to obtain the increment or for that required for postual adaptation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1263K) -
Akiko Yamamoto, Osamu Wada, Tetsu Ono, Hiroko Ono, Shigeo Manabe, Shin ...1983 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 863-869
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies were made of the effects of trace metals on the transport and conversion of glucose to CO2 and lipid. Rat epididymal adipose cells in medium containing a low albumin concentration were used.
Prior to the assay, a minimum concentration of bovin serum albumin was examined in order to minimize the effects of the protein on the actions of the metals indicated below, and 0.2 percent albumin in a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer solution of pH 7.4 was chosen as the incubation medium. Using the same medium, both insulin and Zn2+, which are known to accelerate glucose uptake, produced the stimulation expected. The reaction was dependent upon time and cell concentration, until 120min and/or 1.2×105cell/ml was reached.
The effects of the trace metals-CrCl3, NiCl2, CuCl2, ZnCl2, SeO2, CdCl2, HgCl2, and SnCl2 were observed as follows.
1) At 5mM, Mn2+ and Ni2+ and at 500μM, Zn2+ and Cd2+ caused a 200-300% increase in CO2 formation from [U-14C]-glucose and the incorporation of [3-3H]-glucose into lipids. These insulin-like effects were also observed for Hg2+ (20μM) to the lesser extent of 20% +. At 500μM, Se4+ increased CO2 formation by approximately 150% of the basel value in the absence of the metal ions. There was no stimulation with Cr3+ (1nM-1mM), Cu2+ (50-5000μM), or Sn2+ (1-1000μM).
2) In the presense of insulin, Mn2+ (5mM), Zn2+ (500μM), and Cd2+ and Hg2+ (5μM) increased glucose conversions to both CO2 and lipids. Se4+ (50μM) increased the amount of formed CO2 but it exerted no influence on lipogenesis. No significant additive effects were found using the remaining listed above.
3) Membrane transport of 3-O-[14C]-methylglucose was enchanted only by Zn2+ and Mn2+ but in these cases, it was at almost the same rate as insulin (200μU/ml).
4) Stimulation of 14CO2, and 3H-lipid formation were observed for Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Se4+ (only CO2 formation) even when glucose transport was blocked by the addition of 50μM cytochalasin B. This suggests that intracellular metabolism stimulated by various metal ions.View full abstractDownload PDF (820K) -
Masao Kosaka, Teruko Ueda, Ichiro Hara1983 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 870-876
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTrihalomethanes (THMs) formed by chlorination of precursor substances in raw water, are found in drinking water. They are found at concentration levels higher than those of other organic contaminants. In the present study, the relationship between the formation of THM precursors and anionic surfectants biodegradation was investigated. Three anionic surfectants (LAS, AS and soap), dissolved in river water, were biodegraded under aerobic conditions at incubation temperature of 10°, 20°or 29°C. Except in the case of soap, biodegradation rates were measured by the methylene blue method. To examine the formation of THM precursors by the biodegradation of the surfectants, the incubation solution was chlorinated and THMs thus formed were determined by GC-ECD after solvent extraction. The results were that 1) AS degraded more quickly than LAS regardless of incubation temperature. 2) Higher temperatures caused significant degree of LAS and AS biodegradation. 3) Easily biodegraded surfectants facilitated THMs formation. 4) Maximum formation of THMs was observed for the soap solution regardless of the incubation conditions. It was concluded, therefore, that one THM precursor may be biodegraded products of surfectants when found in river water.View full abstractDownload PDF (850K) -
Keito Boki, Seiki Tanada, Tamotsu Miyoshi1983 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 877-882
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new type of activated carbon containing nitrogen (No. 10) with a higher capacity for hydrogen sulfide adsorption than earlier types was prepared by impregnating raw activated carbon (No. 5) with a 20% MMU solution and then heating it at 850°C. Isotherms of hydrogen sulfide on AC-CN were obtained using a gravimetric method and at 30°C. The structure of AC-CN micropores and supermicropores has been discussed based on applying the binomial equation (3) to adsorption isotherms.
Treatment with MMU solutions caused the AC-CN micropore and supermicropore radii to contract and expand, respectively. Increases of approximately 15.5% in micropore volume and decreases of approximately 22.8% in supermicropore volume for AC-CN (No. 10) probably do not result from the expansion of micropore radii but from the numerical increase of micropores due to simultaneous decreases in supermicropore volume.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K)
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