As the authors previously reported, corrected PMI and corrected Average Death-Age as a health indicator are very useful for comparison of health level in various regions, if the size of population of the region is large enough compared to the scale of the prefecture or the area covered by a health center.
In this paper, the authors investigated the adaptabilities of these two health indicators in small regions such as each city, town, and village.
Application of the data of Shimizu Health Center, Shizuoka prefecture in 1960 and 1965, revealed that the corrected Average Death-Age had a similar trend toward infant death rate and corrected death rate which were proficient indicators for the comparison of health levels. The corrected PMI was not always valid in the small regions mentioned above.

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For early detection of liver disease, mass surveys are essential, however conduction of a great variety of liver function tests on a large group of people often is too complicated and difficult. With a view to establishing a simple, appropriate procedure for mass liver surveys, simultaneously with liver function tests, a check on right-hand diaphragm elevation levels as seen in the chest X-ray conventionally used in mass chest surveys has been carried out. A total of 656 cases were dealt with herein.
Results, revealed that liver function test anomalies are more numerously discovered among those showing above-average right-hand diaphragm elevation levels. A significant correlation was found especially between transaminase levels and the diaphragm level. Also, high diaphragm levels have been noted more frequently in those suffering from hepatic diseases, especially hepatic carcinoma, cirrhosis, and abscess. Such cases having high diaphragm levels, moreover, tend to be associated with amebae in feces tests or in colic biopsy.
The presence of transaminase, in particular often indicates hepatocyte disorders, such as hepatic carcinoma and cirrhosis, and consequently is a useful means of diagnosing these diseases.
Results of the present study indicate that examination of right-hand diaphragm elevation levels as seen in chest X-rays may be carried out as an effective means of diagnosing hepatic disorders in mass liver surveys.

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Heights of children were followed up from the first year of elementary school (6 years old) to third year of junior high school (14 years old) on 875 boys and 795 girls who were in the third year of nine junior high schools in Kyoto City as of April, 1968. The following results were obtained by analysis of the data.
1) Relatively large positive correlations were found between heights at the age of six and heights every age up to 14 years. This finding suggests that the relative height of a child is already fixed relatively conclusively at the age of six.
2) The increment of height between every two successive years was obtained for an individual child. The means and standard deviations calculated from these individual yearly increments of heights may serve to settle the normal range of the yearly increment of height between every two successive years. It was also found that there were relatively large individual variations in the yearly increment of height between every two successive years.
3) Using Rao's method, the standard growth curves of height of children and their 99% confidence bands were obtained for groups of boys and girls classified by their height at the age of six, on the assumption that the deviation of any individual growth process from population growth curve has a multivariate normal distribution. It was found that the standard growth curve of height which was expressed by the compound cubic expression having two arguments concerning age of year corresponded well with the observations in every group, although coefficients and domain of definition of each argument were different in every group.

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Changes of skin temperature, sublingual temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen consumption when three adult female subjects moved from a hot room (D.B.T. 30.0°C) to a cool room (D.B.T. 20.0°C) and stayed in the cool room for 110 minutes were observed laying emphasis on the effect of clothing. The following results were obtained.
1) When subjects wearing usual summer clothing entered the cooling room the skin temperature, especially that of the end of the extremities fell remarkably and systolic and diastolic blood pressure rose slightly. These findings indicate that adding of clothing is recommendable when women enter the cooling room in summer. The decrease in skin temperature was still considerable when a cardigan and knee socks were put on in addition to the usual summer dresses before entering the cooling room.
2) Change of skin temperature and/or oxygen consumption during 110 minutes stay in the cooling room and the effect of clothing on these changes were not the same for the three subjects. It is certain that thermal insulation of the clothing required in the cooling room varies from subject to subject.

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It has been suggested that the immersion of subjects into a hot water bath (Bath Method) may be useful and simple method for testing human heat tolerance. It is probable that the bath method may fail to evaluate valid heat tolerance because of the forced uniformization of skin temperature. To confirm the validity of the bath method, sublingual temperature and skin temperature of forehead, chest, back, forearm, thigh and calf were examined when the two adult male subjects were exposed to various hot air environment in the nude for an hour in the sitting position. The following results were obtained.
1) On every skin temperature measured at six different regions, the difference of skin temperature between the two subjects observed under the very hot condition was smaller than that observed under the cooler condition.
2) The range of skin temperature (the difference between the highest and the lowest value among skin temperatures measured at six different regions) was rather small under very hot conditions.
3) Relatively large positive correlations were found among every skin temperature measured at six different regions. It was revealed by the principal component analysis that skin temperatures at various regions were controlled mostly by a single common factor.
The above findings indicate that the forced uniformization of skin temperature brought about by the bath method will not necessarily interfere with the valid evaluation of human heat tolerance.

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Experiments were carried out on 7 volunteers who had not been infected by hookworms for several years in order, to study the problem of the infection mode of hookworm.
Larvae of Ancylostoma duodenale (A.d.) were placed in the center of both palms of 4 volunteers at 20-27°C and the larvae of Necator Americanus (N.a.) were placed in the center of the right palm of 3 volunteers at 26°C.
The results were as follows.
1) The degree of percutaneous penetration of larvae was 17.9-42.9% with 29.8% as the average in A.d. and 27.3-46.9% with 38.1% as the average in N.a.
2) Dermatitis caused by A.d. larvae had symptoms of itching and formication and redness, papules, crusting etc. in 3 cases, and only slight itching in one case. In the case of N.a. slight itching in all cases, and slight redness in one case.
3) Hookworm infection was attended by subjective symptoms as follows. 2 cases in A.d. had coughs, expectoration and hoarse voices and a soft stool in one case.
4) There was an increase in leukocyte counts and the number of eosinophile cell in 2 cases infected by A.d.
5) Ancylosotoma eggs began to appear in the stool of 2 cases in 72 days and 78 days after infection respectively, and for Necator eggs after 80 days in one case.
6) 2 cases in 4 were infected by A.d.. The recovering rate of the worm was 8.2% and 35.2%. One case in 3 was infected by N.a. and the recovering rate of the worm was 10.3%.
7) These experiments which have been performed for the first time revealed that infection of hookworms can also be made through the palms.

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The author exposed rats to mercury vapor and measured mercury content in tissues. Exposure modes consisted of two groups; the HS, high concentration-short term exposure group (6.0mg/m³ in Hg concentration×1 hr. in daily duration of exposure, 3.0×1 and 1.5×1) and the LL, low concentration-long term exposure group (1.0×6, 1.0×3 and 1.0×1.5). Each exposure was continued 5 days a week for 2 or 4 consecutive weeks in an exposure chamber. Quantitative mercury determination was performed by a dithizone method. Mercury concentration of the lungs of the HS group after both the 2 and 4 weeks exposure was higher than that of the lungs of the LL group. That of the other tissues of the HS group was lower than that of the LL group. Mercury content in tissues of rats treated by the exposure mode 1.0×6 was measured up to 16 weeks after the termination of mercury exposure. The mercury content decreased lineally in semilogarithmic scales. The half time of mercury content of the lungs was about 13 days, the shortest and that of the brain was about 210 days, the longest among tissues.

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The incubation period of influenza was estimated by utilizing Bailey's model from the results of an epidemiological survey concerned with the interval of incidence in the intra household of 1, 022 families of three persons in Osaka City in the epidemic of B type influenza in January and February 1961.
The following results were obtained:
1) The median and mode of distribution of the time interval between initial and continued cases of incidence was 6 days and 5 days respectively.
2) The incubation period of influenza was 7 days and the period of effective infection was 2 days.

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Contents of Cd and Zn in the organs of the 5 autopsy cases of the Itai-itai diseased were analysed. 41 autopsy cases were done on patients who had been inhabitants in the non-endemic part of the Hokuriku Distrct. This was done to provide a comparison and an analysis of livers, kidneys as well as 3 cases where 13 other organs were included was carried out.
The livers as almost all other organs contained a high degree of cadmium; thus substantiating the fact that cadmium deposits are high in bodies of Itai-itai diseased patients. However, cadmium contents of kidney cortices were low. This may be attributed to the fact that in this disease destruction of the tubuli of the kidney progresses rapidly and seriously.

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