This review describes the outline of Yokkaichi-asthma which has been occured in Yokkaichi-area. Since 1961, in parrallel with industrial activities, abnormal growing of bronchial asthma has been observed and called with the name of Yokkoichi-asthma in relation of air pollution. The review containes the main results which have been published and unpublished, and also containes discussion and speculation on its etiology. Authors also pointed out the possibility of same “asthma” due to air pollution in other polluted areas.

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In six primary schools in Kyoto City, accidental injuries occurred within the school property had been investigated from April 1965 to March 1966. The study population comprised 433 school children in sixth or fifth grade.
In total, 591 accidental injuries were listed, and the rate for injuries was 122 per 100 children per year.
The comparison of observed and theoretical distribution of accidental injuries suggested that there might be a small number of accident repeaters. But numbers of accidental injuries attributed to the accident repeaters comprised only a small part of whole accidental injuries within school properties.
In studying accident repeatedness, the following two points should be kept in mind.
1) The observation must be made on a group in which every member is exposed to equal risk of incurring an accident.
2) The wide variety of factors affecting school accidents suggests that injuries under different circumstances should be analyzed separately.

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The exhaust gases of a passenger car during idling were analized by using the gas chromatography (Yanagimoto model 5DH, equipped with the flame ionization and the thermal conductivity detectors) to investigate the relation between the revolutions of the engine and the composition of exhaust gases. The car employed was DATSUN, model 1959, which had a 4 cycle engine (cylinder volume: 988ml) and had been driven 155, 000km. The measurement of the fuel consumption rate, air-fuel ratio, exhaust gas temperature, intake air volume, emission gas volume and the concentration of the individual components was performed at a constant revolutions (600 to 5, 000rpm).
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The fuel consumption rate at 600rpm was 227g/ps⋅hr and decreased with increasing revolutions. The volumetric efficiency of intake air-fuel mixtures was very low (31 to 53%) during idling. The air fuel ratio was 10.4% at 600rpm and the air rich state (the fuel lean state) was observed when rotation was over 2, 500rpm.
2) The temperature of the gases emitted from the exit of the tail pipe was 60 to 80°C at 600 to 1, 500rpm. The temperature higher than 300°C was recorded at 4, 000rpm.
3) At 600rpm CO₂ content was found to be 2.1%. The maximum CO₂ content (10.3%) was observed at 3, 000 to 4, 000rpm. The maximum concentration of CO (9.9%) was found at 600rpm and the concentration of CO was decreased with increasing revolutions (4.4% at 5, 000rpm).
These results would suggest that the exhaust gases containing 10% CO would be discharged into the atmosphere when this car temporarily stopped at an intersection.
4) In the exhaust gases, C₁ to C₆ hydrocarbons (25 kinds) were identified. 3, 645.p ppm as total was determined at 600rpm and 689.9ppm at 4, 000rpm. At 5, 000rpm, 842.2ppm as total was determined. The relatively large contents (5.5 to 23.7%) were found as methane, ethane, n-butane, i-butane, ethylene and propylene during idling.
5) The composition of exhaust gases during idling was paraffin (62%), olefin (33%), diolefin (0.4%) and acetylene (5%), on an average.
6) The ratio of the emitted hydrocarbons to supplied fuel was about 10% (w/w) at 600rpm and 3% at 4, 000rpm. The gross emission of the hydrocarbons per minute during idling was 1.79g/min at 600rpm and 0.94g/min at 3, 500rpm.

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In this paper, the gas chromatographic analysis of the offensive components in the night soil treatment plants was carried out at Funaigun Plant in Kyoto Prefecture, Toyonaka & Itami Plant, Neyagawa Plant and Takatsuki Plant in Osaka Prefecture, where the anaerobic digestion method has been employed.
The results of the investigation were as follows:
1) The gases in the digestion tanks contained 20.6 to 27.4% CO₂, 51.7 to 66.0% CH₄ and 0.9 to 2.0% O₂. The gases in the tightly sealed trickling filter contained 15.0% CO₂, 30.4% CH₄ and 20.4% O₂.
2) The determination of aliphatic amines, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide was carried out using the Triton X-100 and Quadol column after the samples were collected into the distilled water. Total amines (40.2 to 61.0ppm), ammonia (440 to 1, 220ppm) and hydrogen sulfide (3, 180 to 8, 060ppm) were found in the digestion tanks.
3) The determination of aliphatic aldehydes and ethanol was carried out using Tricresyl Phosphate+Polyethylene Glycol and Ucon oil 50HB column. The concentration of total aldehydes was 16.6 to 25.0ppm and ethanol was 38.8 to 46.6ppm in the digestion tanks.
4) The determination of lower aliphatic mercaptans and thioether was carried out using Tricresyl Phosphate and Ucon oil 50HB column. The concentration of total mercaptans and thioether was 8.6 to 12.0ppm in the digestion tanks.
5) The determination of indol and skatol was carried out using Silicon DC HV grease and Silicon KF-96 column, after they were collected into benzene. The total amount of indols was 6.1 to 21.5×10^-2ppm.
6) A tentative method to evaluate the intensity of offensive odor was proposed. The ratio of the observed values to the olfactory thresholds was calculated for each offensive component. It was 10⁴ to 10⁵ for marcaptans and skatol, and was 10³ for hydrogen sulfide. But the ratio for ammonia was found very low.
From these results, it might be suggested that mercaptans and skatol in the digestion tanks have large effects but ammonia has little effcts to the human olfaction.

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Analyses of weight and height of about 50, 000 school children in Kyoto City revealed that the frequency distribution of weight did not conform to the normal distribution, and the distribution of weight of taller children spreaded out more widely than that of shorter children.
Considering these two characteristics of the distribution of weight of school children, the mode, the first and ninth deciles of weight of each height group of boys and girls were calculated in each school grade. Concerning these three indices of weight, the following weight-height relationship for school children was observed.
1) The relationship between height and these three indices of weight was almost linear, when the data of extremely tall or short children were excluded.
2) Increase of the ninth decile of weight (in Kilograms) per cm of height was remarkably larger as compared with increase of the mode and the first decile of weight per cm of height.
3) Iecrease of the mode of weight per cm of height in children over fourth grade was much larger than that in children under third grade.
4) The ninth decile of weight for a group of children who were extremely taller than the standard of their grade, was larger than that for groups of children of the same height in the higher grades.

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The relationship between absorption and excretion of tetramethylled and mixed alkyl lead was studied on rabbits. Tetramethyllead was given subcutaneously 14mg (as Pb, diluted with olive oill) every other day for 15 days and mixed alkyl lead was given 15mg every other day for 19 days.
In this study the transition of lead concentrations in blood, urine and feces was determined. Tissue distribution after eight or ten weeks' lead administration was also determined.
Results of experiments are summerized as follows:
1) The increase of lead concentrations in blood was very rapid. After discontinuance of lead administration, it decreased very rapidly.
2) Excretion of lead increased rapidly in urine, but it was somewhat slow in feces. There was always more lead in feces than in urine.
3) About the lead amounts in tissues, there was more in the liver and kidneys, and less in the spleen and bones in comparison to other tissues.
4) The excretion of coproporphyrin in urine was lower in tetramethyllead groups than in mixed alkyl lead groups.
5) It was thought that tetramethylled and mixed alkyl lead have similar effect on blood. However, their affinity to various tissues may be different.

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Marked difference of the mortalities from cerebrovascular lesions was noted between the inland farm and the Pacific coast fishing areas in north-east part of the Japan main island. Nutritional studies of the both areas have been revealed that the intake of protein, calcium and vitamins of B complex was superior in the coastal area. Dietary habit should influence the internal circumstances, and have some association with the mortality from specific causes of the inhabitants.
Present study dealt with a survey of the serum acid-base balance of 1821 inhabitants over 40 years of age of the both areas, with the following conclusions.
1) Blood pressures, both systolic and diastolic, showed no significant differences between the both areas.
2) Acid-base balance indicated by both serum CO₂ content and serum CO₂ binding capacity gave higher values at the fishing villagers in every age class of both male and female.
3) Positive correlations were found between the serum CO₂ content and the CO₂ binding capacity, and also the serum total base. Negative correlation was found between the serum CO₂ binding capacity and the specific gravity of the whole blood.

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1) An organomercury compound with the same Rf value on the thin-layer chromatogram as methylmercuric hydroxide was detected in the mixtures of acetaldehyde and mercuric oxide or basic mercuric sulfate. When chloride was added to the above mixtures, an organomercury compound having the same Rf value as methylmercuric chloride was formed.
2) The reaction of acetaldehyde and mercuric oxide yielded two mercury compounds as crystals. One of them was identified as mercuric acetate by IR spectrum, elementary analyses, melting point determination and chemical properties. Methylmercuric chloride was extracted from the mixture of mercuric acetate and sodium chloride into chloroform and recrystallized from ethanol.

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