Liver temperatures of male Wistar rats were measured continuously by a copper-constantan thermocouple in a climatic chamber kept at 25±1°C with a light-dark cycle of LD 12:12. The rats were allowed to move relatively freely in a cage and fed on food pellets and water ad libitum.
When rats were exposed to 8°C, liver temperature rose in the light period and fell in the dark period in the majority of animals.
The liver temperature just prior to cold exposure distinctly influenced the pattern of temperature changes during cold exposure, but it is very probable that there are other factors which cause differences between the light and dark periods.
The response of liver temperature to cold exposure varies with time in both the light and dark periods.
To explain the difference in liver temperature variations during cold exposure in light and dark periods, an upper limit of metabolic rate of the liver was postulated. When cold exposure is near the upper limit, the room for additional heat production is relatively small, so heat elimination from the liver by means of hepatic blood flow may exceed heat production, and the livre temperature decreases. At lower metabolic rates, which are far below the upper limit, the liver can readily produce a considerable amount of additional heat, which may be large enough to raise the liver temperature, overcoming increased heat elimination.

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The method of Chin-Blankenhorn for serum lipoprotein electrophoresis on cellulose acetate was examined for possible use in screening hyperlipoproteinemia. The procedure was rapid and reproducible. This technique provided a complete resolution of α, pre β and β lipoproteins into district bands, but it was not truly quantitative, since it allowed estimation only of relative quantities of lipoproteins; each fraction was expressed as a percentage of the total lipid-staining method.
In July 1972, determination of serum lipoproteins was made on 430 clinically healthy subjects, 147 men and 283 women, living at a rural area in Japan.
1. It was difficult to establish the distribution type for the relative proportions of the three lipoproteins.
2. The mean of α lipoprotein level decreased and that of β lipoprotein level increased with age in both sexes.
3. In men, the mean of pre β lipoprotein level increased with age, reaching the maximum at the age of 40-49, after which it decreased. In women, the rise continued with age, but with a slight decrease at the age of 70 and over.
4. The age and sex pattern for pre β lipoprotein was in accordance with that for triglyceride. A significant correlation was obtained between pre β lipoprotein and triglyceride, too.
5. 18% (m+σ), a relative quantity of pre β lipoprotein, was recommended as a criterion for the diagnosis of a borderline hyper-pre-β-lipoproteinemia and 26% (m+2σ) as a criterion for the diagnosis of a hyper-pre-β-lipoproteinemia.
6. Densitometric tracing patterns of serum lipoprotein electropherogram were classified as follows; Types A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, B, C and D. The frequency of Type A₁, a typical normal type, decreased with age in both sexes.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between bronchial asthma and various factors.
Using 677 cases of the control children (Group C) made identical in the age composition, school and class with 677 cases (448 boys; 229 girls) of the asthmatic children (Group A) obtained by a fact finding survey carried out in March 1970 on bronchial asthma among all kindergarten children, elementary and junior high school children in Takatsuki City, we made a canonical analysis by sex on 26 factors such as various diseases and past histories of the children and their families with “Yes” as 1 and “No” as 0, the result of which are as follows.
1) It was found that factors closely related to bronchial asthma are the past history of the children concerned such as, catching cold easily, allergic rhinitis and eczema and the family history of asthma both in boys and girls, and that urticaria, likewise alleged to be a major allergy, plays a small role in bronchial asthma.
2) A canonical analysis made on the major factors, namely, the past histories of asthma (parents, grandparents), eczema (children themselves, parents, grandparents), allergic rhinitis (children themselves, parents, grandparents), catching cold easily (children themselves) and pneumonia (children themselves) in Group A and Group C also revealed a considerable difference between the astmatic group and the control group in the correlation ratio, 0.579 for boys and 0.562 for girls.
3) Judging from the distribution of incidence by substituting the values of 588 boys and 355 girls who have the history of asthma and who have had no asthmatic attack for the past two years (Group B) into Y=C'X showed that they were located midway between the asthmatic group and the control group or slightly closer to the asthmatic group both in boys and girls.
4) Meanwhile, the canonical analysis made on three groups A, B and C also gave almost the same results as with two groups both in boys and girls.
Above the findings showed that one can learn the degree of predisposition and presume the onset and prognosis of bronchial asthma by means of such an analysis.

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To detect the sensory disturbances (neurological dysfunction) the vibratory sense has been measured.
This paper describes basic experiments to investigate the relationship between threshold of vibratory sense and skin temperature of finger.
The vibratory sense threshold was measured on the right hands of 15 neurologically healthy subjects: 9 males between 20 and 25 years of age, and 6 females between 21 and 22, and it was determined for the test frequencies 5, 30, 100 and 200Hz.
The results were as follows:
1) The correlation coefficient (r) between the skin temperature and the room temperature is over 0.8 in both males and females. It is obvious that skin temperature is influenced by room temperature.
2) There was no difference between the monthly average of vibratory sense threshold for the frequencies 5, 30 and 100Hz, but the vibratory sense threshold for 200Hz became higher in January in the females.
3) There was a statistically high reverse correlation coefficient between skin temperature and vibratory sense threshold for frequency 200Hz in both males and females. Threshold of vibratory sense for 200Hz was considered to be highly related to the skin temperature.

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A multivariate statistical method called “principal components analysis” can allow us to combine serveral variables into a small number of other variables which can provide almost all the information of the original variables. Since the process of growth, for example increasing height of a person from childhood to adulthood is practically expressed as a record of heights of the person measured at different times, it is expected that the principal components analysis can be a useful method to grasp the characteristics of the process of growth.
Using records of heights of 731 boys and 811 girls from 6 to 17 years of age who were in the third year of senior high school in 1971, correlation coefficients among heights at each age were calculated and the correlation matrix was submitted to a principal components analysis. It was found in both boys and girls that about 95% of the total variance of the twelve variables (heights at each age) was accounted for by three components. Furthermore, from the inspection of eigenvectors corresponding to these three principal components, it was supposed that the first principal component represents the average height from 6 to 17 years old, the second principal component represents a slope of a straight line fitted to a process of growth, and the third principal component represents the curvature of the growth curve or indicates the time of the growth spurt.
Because the principal component analysis was found to be useful in delineating the characteristics of the process of growth, this method was used to compare characteristics of growth of heights of children among several prefectures in Japan and between urban and rural districts. The data used were records of growth of height of 3, 018 boys and 3, 016 girls from 6 to 14 years of age who were in the third year of junior high school in 1971. The records of boys were gathered from 21 prefectures and those of girls from 22 prefectures.
About 95% of the total variance of the 9 variables (heights at each age) was accounted for by two principal components in boys and by three principal components in girls. It was also recognized that each of the three principal components represents the same aspect of process of growth as in the case of senior high school students. The lack of the meaningful third principal component in boys is probably due to the fact that their growth spurt during puberty is not yet complete at 14 years of age.
Mean heights at every age were significantly different among prefectures and between urban and rural districts, and means of scores of the first principal component were also significantly different among prefectures and between urban and rural districts in both boys and girls. The means of scores of the third principal components in girls were also significantly different among prefectures, and between urban and rural districts, indicating that the time of the growth spurt is not necessarily the same in every prefecture and differs between urban and rural districts.
In both boys and girls, the means of scores of the second principal component were significantly different among prefectures, but a difference between urban and rural districts was not noticeable.
The above findings seem to suggest that factors which affect the average height and time of growth spurt during the growth period are different from factors which affect the slope of a straight line fitted to a process of growth. At least, it must be kept in mind that the so-called causeeffect relation between environmental factors and process of growth of children is by no means simple.

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