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Volume 53 (1998 - 199･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 572-
- Issue 3 Pages 511-
- Issue 2 Pages 398-
Volume 53, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Momoko CHIBA, Masayoshi OHMICHI, Yutaka INABA1999 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 572-579
Published: January 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report reviews the biological effects and case reports of suicidal or accidental ingestion of, and occupational exposure to sodium azide. Ingested doses of sodium azide were estimated for the 6 survival and 4 fatal cases studied. The lowest dose among survival cases was 5-10mg. The patient reported headache, sweating, and faintness within approximately 5 minutes of ingestion. Four victims ingested 20 to 40mg and recovered within 2 hours. However, a man who took 80mg reported chest pain for 6 months after ingestion. The smallest doses among fatal cases were 0.7-0.8g for women and 1.2-2g for men. All victims suffered from hypotension, tachycardia, hyperventilation, diaphoresis, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. There is no antidote for sodium azide. Detoxicants for cyanide such as sodium nitrite or thiosulfate were tried, but were unfortunately, ineffective. Sodium nitrite may worsen the hypotension caused by sodium azide, and is not recommended. Occupational exposure to sodium azide is thought to be common, however, fatal exposure is rare. NIOSH “Recommended Exposure Limits” for sodium azide is 0.3mg/m3.View full abstractDownload PDF (1454K) -
from the Survey of AIDS Related Knowledge, Information Sources and Attitudes in 1989 and 1992Fumika OKAJIMA, Shunichi ARAKI, Katsuyuki MURATA, Kazuhito YOKOYAMA1999 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 580-586
Published: January 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the factors affecting the friendship with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons, a self-reported questionnaire study was conducted in two high schools in Tokyo in 1989 and 1992. A complete set of responses was obtained from 541 (98%) and 517 (99%) students in 1989 and 1992, respectively. The following results were obtained:
1) The proportion of the students who received information on HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from school teachers in 1992 was higher than that in 1989 for both males and females. Similarly, for both males and females, the proportion of students with correct knowledge on HIV transmission was significantly higher in 1992. The proportion of the students who intended to have a friendship with a hypothetical HIV-infected classmate or close friend in 1992 was significantly higher.
2) The results of multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that such factors as having more correct knowledge on HIV transmission and considering the confidentiality of persons with HIV/AIDS were significantly related to having friendship with a hypothetical HIV-infected classmate for both 1989 and 1992; such factors as being a female and having an increasing risk of HIV infection were significantly related to the responses obtained for 1992.View full abstractDownload PDF (998K) -
Tomoko SANKAI, Hiroyasu ISO, Takashi SHIMAMOTO, Akihiko KITAMURA, Yosh ...1999 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 587-595
Published: January 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPurpose: To examine the risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage, for few prospective data have been available on risk factors of subarachnoid hemorrhage among Japanese.
Methods: A 9.4-year cohort study was conducted on 12, 372 men and women, aged 40-69 years, free of history of stroke in six communities in Japan.
Results: During the follow-up, seventy-one incidents of subarachnoid hemorrhage occurred. After adjusting for age, serum total cholesterol, body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus, blood pressure category and drinking category, current smokers had a significantly increased risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage compared with ‘never-smokers’: multivariate relative risk (RR) [95% confidence interval (95%CI)]=3.1(1.4-6.9) for women, 1.5(0.4-5.3) for men and 2.7(1.3-5.5) for men and women. Hypertensives had a significantly increased risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage compared with normotensives: multivariate RR(95%CI)=3.1(1.6-6.0) for women, 4.3(1.5-12.0) for men and 3.4(2.0-5.9) for men and women. For men, heavy drinkers (>=69g per day ethanol), had a significantly increased risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage compared with ‘never-drinkers’: multivariate RR(95%CI)=4.3(1.1-16.8). For women, the relationship between heavy drinking and risk was not examined due to the small number of heavy drinkers (n=13). Multivariate RR(95%CI) for men who smoked currently and drank heavily compared with men who did not smoke currently nor drink heavily was 6.0(1.8-20.1). Multivariate RR(95%CI) for hypertensive men who drank heavily compared with normotensive or borderline hypertensive men who did not drink heavily was 13.0(3.9-43.9). Multivariate RR(95%CI) for hypertensive men and women who smoked currently compared with normotensive or borderline hypertensive men and women who did not smoke currently was 6.1(1.3-28.7) for men and 6.3(1.4-28.0) for women. Furthermore, the combination of smoking, hypertension and heavy drinking raised the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage substantially: multivariate RR(95%CI)=17.5(3.4-90.2).
Conclusion: Smoking and hypertension appeared to increase the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage. For men, although the association of smoking with the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage was weak compared with women, the combination of smoking, hypertension and heavy drinking increased the risk substantially. For women, smoking appeared to be an independent risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the combination of smoking and hypertension increased the risk in additive fashion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1460K) -
Yukiko OGAWA, Masahide IMAKI, Yukie YOSHIDA, Seiki TANADA1999 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 596-600
Published: January 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPeriodontal disease is defined as inflammation that is caused by bacteria in dental plaque. This disease is liable to be a factor contributing to the high leukocyte count over an extended period. Furthermore, a number of prospective epidemiologic studies have shown that the leukocyte count is a good predictor of ischemic heart disease (IHD). However there have been few epidemiological studies of the relationship between periodontal disease and the leukocyte count.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the total and differential leukocyte counts and oral conditions of Japanese factory workers who were classified according to their smoking habits. The 1, 167 subjects were male factory workers employed with a chemical factory in Osaka, Japan. The oral conditions recorded were periodontal status (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs, CPITN). The relationship between the total and differential leukocyte counts and the CPITN score of subjects who were classified according to their smoking habits was investigated in 1996 and 1997.
In both the current smokers and nonsmokers, the subjects with severe periodontal disease, in contrast to the normal subjects, exhibited total leukocyte, neutrophil and monocyte counts that were significantly high for 1 year during follow-up studies. The periodontal disease is shown that causes the total leukocyte and neutrophil counts related to the development of IHD to remain at a high level.View full abstractDownload PDF (810K) -
Hironori IMANO, Tetsuya OHIRA, Minako KUDO, Tomoko SANKAI, Takeshi TAN ...1999 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 601-610
Published: January 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate changes in platelet function, count and metabolism following fish intake among Japanese, we conducted an experimental intervention study of seven healthy Japanese volunteers (4 males and 3 females) aged 28-58 years. We supplemented their diets with an approximate daily intake of 200-400g fish which is equivalent to about 10g n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (about 3.5g eicosapentaenoic acid plus 5.0g docosahexaenoic acid) during the 17 days. The study continued until the 23rd day after returning to an ad libitum diet. The proportion of serum n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids increased two-fold on 5th day and three-fold on 15th day of fish supplementation, but decreased to one and a half-fold on the 2nd day and returned to the level before fish supplementation on the 12th day after returning to an ad libitum diet. The proportion of serum n6-polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased by 17% to the level before fish supplementation on the 5th day, 33% on the 15th day of fish supplementation. However, the decrease was only 10% on the 2nd day and the proportion returned to the same level as before fish supplementation on the 12th day after returning to an ad libitum diet. As a result, the serum n3/n6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio increased four-fold on the 15th day of fish supplementation, and returned to the baseline level on the 12th day after returning to an ad libitum diet. Platelet counts decreased and the mean platelet volume increased during fish supplementation. Both parameters returned to the level before fish supplementation on the 12th day after returning to an ad libitum diet. The counts and proportion of large type platelets increased significantly during fish supplementation. Although platelet aggregation by ADP (adenosine 5'-diphosphate) did not change significantly, platelet aggregation by collagen tended to decrease during fish supplementation. Platelet factor 4, one of the indices of platelet activity, decreased significantly during fish supplementation. The mean serum triglyceride level declined during fish supplementation, but returned to the level just before fish supplementation on the 2nd day after returning to an ad libitum diet. The mean plasma fibrinogen level tended to decline during fish supplementation and remained lower until the 12th day after returning to an ad libitum diet. Habitual fish intake may attenuate the development of atherosclerosis and prevent ischemic heart disease through suppression of platelet activity, and by reducing platelet counts and serum triglyceride levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (1644K) -
Takashi OHIDA, Yoneatsu OSAKI, Yumiko MOCHIZUKI, Takeshi KAWAGUCHI, Ma ...1999 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 611-617
Published: January 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNurses who work in hospitals and clinics belonging to a regional medical association in Mie prefecture were surveyed regarding their smoking behavior and several related factors.
The results are summarized as follows:
1) Smoking prevalence in male and female nurses was 75.5% and 14.6% respectively. In the present study the rate of female nurses was almost equal to results reported in a national survey.
2) Smoking prevalence was higher among licensed practical nurses than registered nurses, and it was highest among psychiatric nurses.
3) Smoking prevalence among hospital and clinical nurses was 15.7% and 9.1% respectively. Smoking prevalence was lower among clinical nurses, even though, they have a higher number of licensed practical nurses. Also smoking prevalence was higher in hospitals with a smaller nursing staff than in hospitals with a larger nursing staff.
4) Among smokers, 44.5% seriously had attempted to quit smoking, and 34.1% had considered quitting but never tried. Therefore, the results suggest the importance of providing smoking cessation programs for nurses.View full abstractDownload PDF (1108K) -
Misuzu WATANABE, Koichi KONO, Kimio NISHIURA, Kaori MIYATA, Masahisa S ...1999 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 618-625
Published: January 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmong the clients in a geriatric intermediate care facility located in the suburbs of Osaka and their family caregivers (72 subjects), the characteristics of the clients and their caregivers, and the discharge destination desired by their family caregivers were investigated, and the associated factors were evaluated.
1. Characteristics of the clients
The clients were elderly females with a low degree of independence, and dementia was observed in about 60% of them. The clients had a relatively large number of children, but many of them lived alone before admission.
The rate of admission from hospitals was high (54%), and that of discharge to hospitals was also high (50%). Sixty-seven percent of the clients stayed for a long duration of over 6 months.
2. Conditions of the family caregivers
Most of the family caregivers were daughters or daughters-in-law, and considered themselves to be healthy. Sixty-three percent of the caregivers had jobs. However, most of the caregivers did not have sub-caregiver.
3. Factors related to the discharge destination desired by family caregivers
Not many family caregivers (19.4%) wanted them to go back to their homes after discharge, but their preferred discharge destinations were home (19.4%), hospitals (55.5%), and nursing homes (25.1%).
The caregivers of single household clients often desired a nursing home as the discharge destination, and those of the clients from a 2- or 3-generation household often desired a hospital.
The factors related to the discharge destination desired by client's family caregivers were that the client not show dementia, the job of the caregiver was a part-time job, there was a sub-caregiver, and the client had the experience of home public health nursing visits.
This study showed, the percentage of the clients discharged from the geriatric intermediate care facility to their homes was low, and that of the family caregivers who desired their home as the discharge destination was also low. However, the results suggested that leading the discharge destination to the client's home is possible if social resources are provided such as the use of public health nursing services.View full abstractDownload PDF (1230K) -
Keiichi ARASHIDANI, Masahiro YOSHIKAWA, Toshihiro KAWAMOTO, Koji MATSU ...1999 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 626-631
Published: January 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the air pollution in the student smoking hall from Feburary 1st in the winter season, and during 8 days in the middle of April in the spring season. The student smoking hall was in an open, draughty location. Moreover, the concentration of pollutants were measured in three time periods: break, lecture and lunch times. The pollutants measured were nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The concentrations of pollutants measured during the break times were of a relatively higher level than those during the lecture and lunch times. However, the concentration of pollutants were not influenced by ventilation operation in the smoking hall, which is not a closed place. SPM and CO2 concentrations during the break time were instantaneously investigated above Building Sanitation Standards Management, Japan (SPM: 0.15mg/m3, CO2: 1, 000ppm). Especially, the SPM concentration was recognized to be strongly influenced by tobacco smoke.View full abstractDownload PDF (1000K)
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