This report describes the procedures of measuring pressure of underwear clothing, and, the results obtained on 12 different parts of the human body.
Clothing pressure, perpendicularly acting between the skin surface and the clothing material when clothing covers the human body, has been measured until now by a pressure detector inserted between them.
Accurate values could not be obtained by this procedure however because of the change of deformation of the cloth and the skin due to the existence of the detector, and the larger the size of detector, the more the difficulty of obtaining more accurate values of the pressure.
This study concerns a new method of measuring the clothing pressure without detector insertion between the cloth and the skin, and can be summarized as follows:
(1) A circular mark is printed on the cloth in the deformed wearing condition and then this clothing is removed and relaxed.
(2) In order to preserve the form of body of that portion, negative replication is made by a suitable plastics, and, a positive model is made from this. A channel is perforated from the apex perpendicular to the surface of the model.
(3) A pressure tester was constructed from U-gage and an electronic recorder.
(4) The measurement was performed as follows:
The cloth is attached to the model of the body and the wearing conditions, that is the pressure relationship between the cloth and the skin is reproduced so that tensioning of the cloth in all directions, then the original circular mark is reestablished and fixied in that position. The detector of the tester is raised from the channel until it touches the under surface of the cloth. Under this condition the required perpendicular pressure between the cloth and the skin can be measured by suitable displacements of the detector and the forces are recorded.

View full abstract

The separated fluids of the night soils were neutralized with sulfuric acid or carbon dioxide. The neutralized fluids were digested anaerobically at 30°C with sludge obtained from a digestion tank. During the digestion, gas production and BOD reduction were observed, however the COD and nitrogen content in the fluids did not show significant decrease. Iodine demand rather increased.
From the above results, the organic matters in the separated fluids of the night soils neutralized with sulfuric acid or carbon dioxide were not significantly reduced.

View full abstract

The strong alkaline fluids of the night soils separated from the chemical treatment were nutralized by aeration.
With the aeration of 30l/1l sample/hr. for 24hr., pH was reduced from 12.0 to 8.4 and total nitrogen was reduced from 2369ppm to 879ppm. With the aeration of 50l/1l sample/hr. for 16hr., pH was reduced from 11.8 to 8.2 and total nitrogen was reduced from 1740ppm to 833ppm. With the aeration of 450l/1l sample/hr. for 2hr., pH was reduced from 11.0 to 8.0 and total nitrogen was reduced from 2135ppm to 600ppm.
The above separated fluids was digested anaerobically at 30°C with sludge obtained from a digestion tank. In the separated fluids after 15 days of digestion, BOD was reduced to approximately 200ppm (reduction rate: ca. 90%), COD was reduced to approximately 250ppm (reduction rate: ca. 20%), Volatile acid alkalinity was reduced to approximately 250ppm (reduction rate: ca. 80%).

View full abstract

Separated fluids of the night soils from the chemical treatment and the anaerobic digestion were fractionated with the ion exchange resins, and the BOD and COD of each fraction was measured.
The principal agent of BOD and COD in the separated fluids with the anaerobic digestion was the colloidal particle and those in the separated fluids with the chemical treatment were organic acids. The greater part of organic acids in the separated fluids decomposed after anaerobic digestion.

View full abstract

As a part of the fundamental and applied studies of the TAF (Target Aiming Function) test, which was introduced by Professor Takakuwa of Hokkaido University, the author conducted the follow-up studies on three aspects of the TAF: namely, the fluctuations by various methods of measurement, the physiological variations of the TAF values, and the relationship between the stress and the TAF values, and the following conclusions were obtained.
1. In reference to the methods of measurement, comparisons were made between the original method and other methods devised by the author: namely, the intermittent 1-10-10 method, and the continuous methods, such as the 3-0-1 and the 5-0-1 methods. The results revealed that there are fairly large fluctuations in the TAF values by different methods, as well as the variations between male and female. It was noted that the best method to determine the individual variance on male was the 3-0-1 method, whereas the 5-0-1 method was the best on female.
2. In order to clarify the physiological variations of the TAF values, follow-ups on the daily variations and hourly variations were attempted, however, no typical variation patterns were entirely observable.
3. When analysed the variations of the TAF values by giving physical stimulation to the pentathlon players, it was considered that the stress was well established as long as the increase in eosinophile cells was used as an index, and further, based upon the fact that the TAF values demonstrated the variations corresponding to the stimulation, it was concluded that the stress plays the role of the important fluctuating factor in TAF.

View full abstract