After oral or intravenous administration of ¹⁴C-dibutyl phthalate into male mice, radioactivity was found to be rapidly distributed in the organs and tissues by whole body autoradiography. In particular, a high level of radioactivity was found in the liver and kidneys within the first hour after intravenous injection of ¹⁴C-DBP and rapidly decreased thereafter. In these male mice, the urine and feces level of radioactivity after intravenous injection of ¹⁴C-DBP reached a peak at 30min and 1hr, respectively, and then declined rapidly. However, the feces level of radioactivity after oral administration of ¹⁴C-DBP reached a peak at 6hr and then decreased gradually.
From the above results, it was suggested that orally or intravenously administered ¹⁴C-DBP into male mice was readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and rapidly excreted in the urine and feces.

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We measured the haemoglobin levels of women in Akadani of Niigata Prefecture, a typical rural area in Japan. It was found that 24.4% of women had levels lower than 12g/d^l. And it was suggested that the active method should be taken for the prevention of anaemia in Akadani.
From a patho-physiological point of view, anaemia of women in Akadani was due to iron deficiency. And from the cross-sectional study and the longitudinal study, the following sociomedical factors were suggested for the occurrence of anaemia: relative body weight, iron intake, intensity of labour, family size, income and frequency of pregnancy.
Accordingly, it was emphasized that the improvement of nutritional intake, the betterment of women's labour pattern and the health education on family planning were very important for the prevention of anaemia. According to these results, our project team has actively performed a health control programmes. Consequently, the prevalence rate of anaemia has gradually decreased and has been reduced from 30∼40% to 20∼30% in four years.
Part of this study was reported at the 43rd Annual Meeting of Japanese Society for Hygiene in 1973, the 33rd and 34th Annual Meetings of the Japanese Society of Public Health in 1974 and 1975, and the 10th International Congress of Nutrition in 1975.

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Alternations in the respiratory rate of mice in response to inspired sulfite aerosols were investigated and compared to those with sulfur dioxide. With exposure to aerosols of sodium bisulfite or potassium bisulfite, the pattern of response was exactly similar to the one with SO₂. There was no difference between sodium bisulfite and potassium bisulfite with regard to sensory irritation potency as measured by the magnitude of maximum respiratory depression. On the other hand, aerosols of sodium sulfite or potassium sulfite were not only inactive but also could not influenced the irritant potency of SO₂. Mice desensitized by a given concentration of SO₂ to its sensory irritation no longer reacted to an equivalent concentration of sodium bisulfite. It can be concluded that the sensory irritant potency of sulfur dioxide and its corresponding salts is due to the reducing property of bisulfite anion formed in the nasal mucosa independently of the added cation.

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The influence of methylmercury chloride (me-Hg) on the immune response was studied in the mice injected with a single injection of sheep red cells.
Mice administered with various concentrations of me-Hg before or after antigen stimulation were sacrified to collect serum and spleen samples. Hemagglutination test (HA) and hemolytic reaction (HR) were carried out to find the antibody titers in serum, and the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) in spleen was also examined. The following results were obtained: 1) During the whole immunological course, mice administered with relative low concentrations of me-Hg (0.307mg/kgHg×5 or 3.07mg/kgHg×5) had almost the same HA tnd HR activities as control mice, but 2) some immunological influences were observed in the mice injected with relatively high concentrations of me-Hg (15.3mg/kgHg×1, ×2 or ×3). 3) In this case, administration of the me-Hg before antigen stimulation caused the decreased circulating antibody titers and the decrease in the number of PFC especially in the initial phase of immune response. However, administration of the me-Hg after antigen stimulation resulted in the increase of antibody titers as well as the number of PFC especially in the producing and the terminating stages of the immune response. 4) It was ascertained by gel filtration of mouse sera on Sephadex G-200 that only a small part of Hg combined with γ-globulin, and it was also proved that me-Hg had no potency to affect the antibody titers in Vitro. These results suggested that the influence of me-Hg on the immune response did not affect the serum antibody titers directly, but did affect the antibody forming cells in spleen. 5) Methylmercury was known to be a potent inhibitor of membrane adenylate cyclase. It was discussed that there was the possibility for me-Hg to affect the interaction between the antigen and B-cell, and/or B-cell and T-cell in spleen by way of cAMP.

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The increase of urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid in lead poisoning is well observed. In this paper, the effects of lead acetate on the activities of Δ⁴-reductase and 5β-reductase to cortisol, cortisone, testosterone and Δ⁴-androstene-3, 17-dione and of dehydrogenase to 3α-hydroxysteroid and 3β-hydroxysteroid were examined. To measure the activities, 12, 000×g and 105, 000×g supernatant of rat liver were used.
The Δ⁴-reductase activity to cortisol and testosterone showed a significant decrease twenty-four hours after the administration of lead acetate, but that to testosterone showed a remarkable increase seventy-two hours after the administration of lead acetate.
The 5β-reductase activity to testosterone decreased significantly twenty-four hours after the administration of lead acetate, but increased seventy-two hours after administration of lead acetate. No significant difference was found in Δ⁴-androstene-3, 17-dione.
From these results, it was suggested that steroid 5β-reductase activity was an important factor in affecting the heme synthesis in lead poisoning.

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By the clinico-epidemiological approach considering sex and age, ABO blood group and cancer family history data have been examined for 1779 patients with stomach cancer. The results obtained are as follows:
In the group of stomach cancer patients with two or more cancer families among their parents and sibs, the percentage of the patients of blood group A is significantly higher than the percentage in the group of control people.
When sex and age differences about the former are considered, the rate of blood group A is more prevalent in young male than in young female patients under 50 years old, but more prevalent in old female than in old male patients 50 and over.
In the group of young male stomach cancer patients under 50 with one stomach cancer family, the percentage of the patients of blood group A is significantly higher than the finding of the control.
These findings also are understood from the analyses of sex ratio considering the age group differences.
In the group of young stomach cancer patients with two or more cancer families even in no relation to blood groups, the sex ratio is significantly high in comparison with the sex ratio of all the young patients' group.
Concerning to the clinical pictures such as original sites in the stomach and histological patterns, there are no noticeable differences between the stomach cancer patients of blood group A with two or more cancer families and all the stomach cancer patients. But when the age difference is considered, the rate of pyloric antrum cancer is more prevalent in the old patients of the former, and by the morphological examination, it is found that there are some multiple polyposis cancers on the pyloric antrum.
Then seeking out the multiple polyposis cancers on the pyloric gland area about 512 cases of early stomach cancers and relatively early stomach cancers whose cancer infiltrations are confined within the submucosa layer, we have found 12 cases of multiple polyposis cancers. Nine cases out of 12 cases are old patients of blood group A, of which, 7 cases are patients with cancer family history.
When comparing the original organs of cancer regarding the family cancer patients between the group of stomach cancer patients with one cancer family and the group of stomach cancer patients with two or more cancer families, the rate of the organ cancers, i.e. stomach, uterus, liver and biliary passages, is significantly higher in the latter than in the former.
In both groups of the double cancer patients together with stomach cancer and other organ cancer, and the multiple stomach cancer patients (though being restricted to the early stomach cancer cases), both percentages of the patients of blood group A are relatively high as compared to the percentage of the control.

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In Japan a nationwide survey of school children's physical growth has been carried out by the Ministry of Education every year since 1900 except the years of World War II. An attempt was made to elucidate the growth acceleration in height by making use of the statistical date of the above-mentioned survey. The maximum growth age (MGA) in height was taken as an indicator of the growth acceleration. The results were as follows:
1. MGA in height was found to be gradually going down since before the war. The growth acceleration in the prewar years was found to fit a straight line. In the postwar years, the growth acceleration of boys born in the 1950's proceeded along the regression line based on the prewar acceleration rate.
2. Lowering of MGA in height of boys and girls born after the war was found to fit Gompertz and logistic curves. The postwar growth acceleration with its point of reference at the end of the war was remarkable: MGA in height went down by 2.0 years for boys and 1.5 years for girls in 25 years. This period, however, should be regarded as a convalescent stage after the repression of growth due to the war.
3. If the postwar growth acceleration was to be taken as a part of the whole phenomenon in gradual progress since before the war, as it actually was, the rate of acceleration for boys was 0.2 year per 10 years.
4. In the case of girls, the growth acceleration in the prewar years was slower than that of boys, and the progress in the postwar years surpassed the regression line based on the prewar rate. The prewar slower rate for girls as compared to boys can be attributed to a situation peculiar to Japanese social background. In the prewar days, girls' place was lower than boys' in both social and home life and this fact may have affected repressively on the physical growth of girls.
5. The growth acceleration is likely to proceed for some time to come but a prediction on the phenomenon must wait for further investigation.

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