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Volume 46 (1991 - 199･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 1035-
- Issue 5 Pages 947-
- Issue 4 Pages 855-
- Issue 3 Pages 747-
- Issue 2 Pages 625-
Volume 46, Issue 3
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Hiroshi Yoshimaru, Masanori Otake, Yasunori Fujikoshi, William J. Schu ...1991 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 747-754
Published: August 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a part of the continuingassessment of the effects on the developing embryonic and fetal brain of exposure to ionizing radiation, the school performance of prenatally exposed survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and a suitable comparison group have been studied. Inthis report, the changes in performance in seven school subjects according to dose are compared under the dosimetry system (DS86) instituted in 1986 at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. The sample involves 929 children whose fetal absorbed dose are known and includes 14 severely mentally retarded persons.
The findings can be summarized as follows:
1) Damage to the 8-15 week fetal brain appears to be linearly related to the absorbed dose, as judged by the simple regression of average school-performance score on dose. Damage to the fetus exposed at 16-25 weeks after fertilization appears similar to that seen in the 8-15 week group. Canonical and multiple correlations also show a highly significant relationship of exposure 8-15 weeks and 16-25 weeks after fertilization to achievement in school. This trend is stronger, however, in the earliest years of schooling.
2) In the group exposed within 0-7 weeks following fertilization, or 26 or more weeks after fertilization, there was no evidence of a radiation-related effect on scholastic performance.
3) These results parallel those previously found in prenatally exposed survivors with respect to achievement in standard intelligence tests in childhood and development of severe mental retardation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1059K) -
Toshio Hirose1991 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 755-761
Published: August 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of ethanol consumption and intake of low-carbohydrate (low-CHO) diet on noradrenalin (NA), dopamin (DA) and its metabolite, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), serotonin (5HT) and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) contents in six brain regions of rats were investigated.
1) Change of DA neuron
Ethanol-containg control diet (hypercaloric ethanol diet) did not affect DA content in any area of brain, but decreased HVA in cortex and hypothalamus and increased DOPAC and HVA in midbrain. Low-CHO diet increased DA content in striatum, DOPAC and HVA in midbrain, but decreased DOPAC in hippocampus and hypothalamus, and HVA in cortex, pons and medulla, hippocampus and hypothalamus. Ethanol-containing low-CHO diet (isocaloric ethanol diet) increased DA level in striatum, DOPAC and HVA in midbrain, but decreased HVA in cortex, hippocampus, striatum and hypothalamus. These results suggest that i) hypercaloric ethanol diet has an opposite effect to carbohydrate on DA metabolism: hypercaloric ethanol diet and lowered carbohydrate intake per se enhance DA metabolism in midbrain, whereas inhibit it in cortex and hypothalamus, ii) lowered carbohydrate intake also declines DA metabolism in pons and medulla and hippocampus, whereas enhances DA synthesis in striatum, iii) the combined effect of ethanol and carbohydrate intake on DA metabolism is inhibited each other in the rats of isocaloric ethanol diet feeding, and this diet decreased DA metabolism in striatum.
2) Change of 5HT neuron
Hypercaloric ethanol diet did not affect the contents of 5HT and 5HIAA in any region of brain. Low-CHO diet increased 5HIAA in pons and medulla, striatum and hypothalamus, but decreased it in hippocampus. Isocaloric ethanol diet decreased 5HT content in hypothalamus and 5HIAA in hippocampus. These results suggest that i) low-CHO diet enhances 5HT metabolism in pons and medulla, striatum and hypothalamus, but declines it in hippocampus, ii) isocaloric ethanol diet diminishes the effect of low-CHO diet on 5HT metabolism in pons and medulla, and striatum and inhibits 5HT synthesis in hypothalamus.
3) Change of NA neuron
Hypercaloric ethanol diet did not influence the level of NA in any region of brain as in the case of DA and 5HT neuron. Low-CHO diet and isocaloric ethanol diet increased NA content in striatum to the same degree. Isocaloric ethanol decreased NA level in cortex and hippocampus.View full abstractDownload PDF (888K) -
Shukuko Kobayashi, Jun Yamamoto, Yoshio Kaneda, Kohsuke Nishino, Yoshi ...1991 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 762-768
Published: August 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for determination of zinc contents in very small samples of hair was developed in order to estimate the zinc concentration in the human body.
All steps from weighing of samples to ashing and preparation of the test solution were done in a tube designed by us to prevent contamination and to improve handling.
Zinc concentration was determined with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry aspirating a small volume of samples (80μl), by the so-called “one-drop method”.
Using this method, 5mg of whiskers was analyzed every day for 10 days, and this revealed that the fluctuation of the zinc concentration level was very small and that it was possible to trace the individual level of zinc concentration daily.
A sample of 5mg is enough for the application of this method. Zinc concentration in the hair under the temple of a boy, and even the low-level zinc content of patients receiving total parenteral nutrition could be accurately determined every 10 days and monthly, respectively.
The level of hair zinc contents for neonates was similar to that of adults.View full abstractDownload PDF (907K) -
Kumiko Miyake, Tetsuo Misawa, Sadayoshi Shigeta1991 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 769-776
Published: August 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe toxicity of prenatal triphenyltin (TPT) exposure was studied in THA rats. Doses of 0 (control), 4 or 8mg/kg/day of TPT were administered to pregnant rats from day 6 to day 20 of gestation by gastric intubation. In dams, the body weight of the 8mg/kg group was significantly lower than that of control group, and 2 of 4 rats died on the expected day of delivery.
In offspring, little effect of TPT on body weight, pinna detachment, incisor eruption, eye opening, surface righting, cliff avoidance, pivoting and negative geotaxis was found in either the 4mg/kg or 8mg/kg groups. In the Sidman avoidance test, the avoidance rate of the TPT groups was lower than that of the control group, and significant differences were found in the female groups. In a reversed test on the water E-maze test, the swimming time to the goal and the number of errors were increased in the TPT groups.
These results suggest that prenatal TPT administration disrupts the learning acquisition of rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (983K) -
Ryoko Yanagibori, Kazuo Aoki, Yoji Suzuki, Atsuaki Gunji1991 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 777-787
Published: August 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe differences between the effects of high- and low-intensity exercise training on cardiorespiratory system and serum lipid levels were examined under conditions in which the total work load was same.
Twenty-two healthy, untrained female students, aged 18 to 24 years, participated in the 8-week training experiment. Two training groups exercised on bicycle ergometers 4-5d/wk for 8wk with high-intensity (H: 70%VO2 max 13min/session; N=8) or in low-intensity (L: 36%VO2 max 33min/session; N=8). The control group (C: N=6) continued its sedentary life style. Data of 6 students (H: N=2, L: N=2, C: N=2) were excluded from the analysis, because they did not carry out their duties.
The results of this study were as follows;
1) Aerobic capacity increased in both training groups.
2) After training, both heart rates and oxygen uptake during submaximal work loads significantly decreased in group H, but only heart rates significantly decreased in group L.
3) Heart rates with a same oxygen-uptake load during submaximal work seemed to increase in group H, but significantly decreased in group L.
4) The mechanical efficiency during the submaximal work load significantly increased in group H, but not in group L.
5) DBP and MBP during the submaximal work load in group L significantly decreased compared with those before the training.
SBP with a same oxygen-uptake load during submaximal work increased in group H, but decreased in group L.
6) Rate pressure products both at rest and during submaximal exercise decreased significantly in group L.
7) Serum lipid levels remained in all groups.
These results suggested that when the amount of exercise is the same, low-intensity exercise training with 35%VO2 max was more effective to increase endurance capacity and was safer than hig-intensity exercise training.View full abstractDownload PDF (1318K) -
Yuki Yamada, Tamotsu Miyoshi, Seiki Tanada, Masahide Imaki1991 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 788-794
Published: August 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe digestibilities of nutrients and energy in Wakame were measured in healthy adult males. A test diet was given for 5 days after 5 days on a basal diet which supplied 40g/day of protein and 45kcal/kg/day of energy. The test diet was identical with the basal diet except that Wakame was incorporated. Digestibility was calculated by the difference of fecal output between the test period and the basal period. However the digestibility of its nutrient component was found to be different at each intake level. Therefore the present study simply lists the calculated figures. The results obtained were follows:
1) Composition of Wakame was protein: 20.5%, fat: 1.7%, Total carbohydrate: 45.1%, gross energy content: 322kcal/100g.
2) Digestibility of protein was 70.1±14.0%.
3) Digestibility of fat was 97.5±59.0%.
4) Digestibility of carbohydrate was 55.8±14.6%.
5) The ratio of the total available energy to intake energy (Net Energy Availability) was 62.4±19.4%.
Wakame contains proteins and availabel carbohydrates, and may be consumed as a protein source as well as a good source of vitamins and minerals.View full abstractDownload PDF (653K)
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