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Volume 40 (1985 - 198･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 867-
- Issue 5 Pages 799-
- Issue 4 Pages 745-
- Issue 3 Pages 651-
- Issue 2 Pages 567-
Volume 40, Issue 5
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Masaji Ono, Hiroshi Saito1985 Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 799-811
Published: December 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have been investigating the health effects of environmental pollution by cadmium from copper smelters in Kosaka, Akita prefecture.
We will first give information on the geographical aspects, historical background, population change and industrial situation of Kosaka.
After obtaining information from death certificates, we analyzed the causes of death to investigate the mortality patterns in environmentally cadmium-polluted areas. The results were as follows.
i. Number of deaths and death rates decreased after 1945-49.
ii. Relative frequency of death by age decreased in 0, 1-4, 5-9 and 10-19 year-olds, but increased in 60-69, 70-79 and 80 year-olds and over. These patterns are similar to those of Akita prefecture and they are not peculiar to Kosaka.
iii. Digestive disease, tuberculosis and respiratory disease decreased, but malignant neoplasma, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease increased in Kosaka. Relative frequency of tuberculosis, respiratory disease and senility are higher and that of cerebrovascular disease and malignant neoplasma are lower in Kosaka than in Akita prefecture. These patterns are peculiar to Kosaka.
iv. In comparison with the mortality patterns of mine workers and those of other occupants, the relative frequency of injury and respiratory disease are highest in mine workers. I think the latter is the result of long-time occupational cadmium exposure.View full abstractDownload PDF (1518K) -
Konosuke Nishida, Manami Masuda, Hitoshi Inoue, Masanobu Yamakawa1985 Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 812-821
Published: December 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn accident by inhalation occurred in the storage tank of quenching water for hot ash and five workers were killed in the municipal solid waste incineration plant of H city. It was clarified that a large amount of H2S, accumulated in the sediment, was momentally released into the space of the ash water tank, when the water stirred, as reported before. In this paper, the balance of sulfur in the quenching water treatment system was considered using data from the operation of this system. Also, the change of sulfur compounds in the ash water and the factors of water quality were experimentally investigated. The results obtained are as follows.
1) As the operation of ash water treatment system was not regular when the accident broke out, it seems that the particles of ash in the water were apt to precipitate to the bottom of the storage tank and pipes within a short time.
2) It was confirmed that the values of pH and ORP in the ash water in the storage tank were kept in a condition favorable to anaerobic decomposition of the sludge, so that the conversion from sulfates to H2S in the water and the sludge occurred easily, and the converted H2S was stored in the precipitating sludge.
3) It was estimated that the content of sulfur in the ash water depends on the amount of sulfur compounds in the burned solid waste, oil and aluminium sulfate added to the ash water.
4) It was clarified that the generation of H2S from water in the storage tank decreases temporarily with the addition of aluminum sulfate, which coagulates the suspended particles in the ash water. However, the generation of H2S increased explosively with a lapse of time, because the factors of water quality, such as pH, ORP, etc, transfer gradually to the reduction side.
5) It was confirmed that the amount of H2S, accumulating in the sludge, depends on the length of the stagnant period of ash water in the flowing process.
6) A preventive and control plan to H2S generation in the continuous flowing system of the quenching water in this plant was considered.View full abstractDownload PDF (1118K) -
Koji Takamiya1985 Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 822-834
Published: December 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe general population and the environment are still polluted with residual organochlorine compounds such as DDT, PCB etc., whose production and use were prohibited in Japan in more than 10 years ago.
At first, 13 species of human autopsy tissues and blood of rural residents were investigated for residues of organochlorine insecticide (OCI) and indications of their transfer from maternal blood to umbilical cord blood at delivery. Some species of marine fishes, fatty foods, chickens and eggs were surveyed for their OCI content.
Based on the data of these surveys, wild and cultured yellowtails were selected as indices of a variety of marine fishes. The characteristics of these yellowtails were examined, and their levels of OCI and PCB were investigated during a period from 1979-83. The conclusions are presented as follows:
1) It is suggested that the organochlorine levels of both types of yellowtail have increased approximately in proportion to the increase of lipid content followed by growth. Besides the difference of the young and mature fishes with respect to the qualities of DDT and PCB residues indicates that their metabolic functions are enhanced by their growth.
2) The wild yellowtails caught in the Nagasaki area in 1981 showed high amounts of DDT and high ratios of technical DDT per total DDT. These facts and the GLC patterns of PCBs in these yellowtails indicate a high level of DDT content in the Japan Current.
3) DDT contents of both wild and cultured yellowtails decreased qualitatively in 1983 as compared with two years before. These facts and the fluctuations observed in total DDT are considered to be a sign of the decline of the yellowtail.
4) It is concluded from the standpoint of ecology that the DDT content on lipid basis in the general population is concentrated as compared with that in marine fishes.
5) PCBs GLC pattern of the cultured yellowtail was obviously different from that of the wild type in 1980, and thereafter their patterns have come to be similar. The levels of PCB content were the same and didn't change distinctly from 1980 to '83 in either type.View full abstractDownload PDF (1489K) -
Mineshi Sakamoto1985 Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 835-840
Published: December 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present work is to examine the effects of smoking on the amount of ethane expired from the human lungs and on lipid peroxidation in the human body. The amount of ethane in 1000ml of expired air was measured both in smokers and non-smokers. Results are as follows.
1. The amount of expired ethane in smokers (14 subjects) at least 4 hours afther smoking was 74.60±50.43pmol and that in non-smokers (19 subjects) was 24.49±10.24pmol.
2. Decreasing patterns of expired ethane after a single cigarette and those after refraining from smoking could be described by a two-compartment model in the following equation,
C=Ae-at+Be-bt
In this equation C is the amount of expired ethane at time t, A and B are the exponential coefficients and represent the amount of expired ethane in each component at time t=0, a and b are the exponential constants.
3. The amount of expired ethane after a single cigarette was 2438pmol for smokers and 1575pmol for non-smokers. The recovery time to the pre-smoking levels was about 3 hours for smokers and 4 hours for non-smokers.
4. Ethane from cigarette smoke disappeared from the lungs of smokers after refraining from smoking for 24 hours. The amount of expired ethane in smokers was more than that in non-smokers even after 24 hours, suggesting that smoking stimulated lipid peroxidation in the human body. The amount of ethane expired from the lungs of smokers was estimated to decrease to the level of non-smokers after 6 months abstinence.View full abstractDownload PDF (683K) -
Part II. Study on schoolchildrenMasayuki Ogawa1985 Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 841-848
Published: December 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study attempts to find a suitable regression equation to predict body density from anthropometric indices. Multiple regression and factor analysis were applied to the variables including body density and other anthropometric indices such as height, weight, girth and skinfold thickness (SFT), and age. The data used were from three hundred and sixty-seven schoolchildren. Of these schoolchildren, 195 were boys and 172 were girls. Body density was calculated by body weight and body mass which was measured by an underwater weighing method in a swimming pool. Main findings are as follows;
1. The body density obtained by this method from the above mentioned boys was 1.0556±0.0101 (mean±standard deviation), and from girls, 1.0526±0.0096. This approximately agrees with the figures for normal Japanese of the same age group, measured and estimated by other researchers.
2. Variables for the factor analysis were age, height, weight, body density, girth of chest, waist and upper arm, and SFT of triceps, subscapular and lateral abdomen. The eigenvalues of the first and second factors were over 1.0 for both boys and girls, and the boys accounted for 80.4% and the girls for 79.1% of the cumulative contribution rate (coefficient of determination). Both boys and girls Factor 1 indicates body development, and Factor 2 indicates body growth. Body density was included in Factor 1.
3. Boys stepwise multiple regression analysis to estimate body density gave waist girth for the first, upper arm girth for the second, age for the third variable. The remaining variables were triceps SFT, lateral abdomen SFT, chest girth, weight, height and subscapuler SFT. The girls gave upper arm girth for the first, age for the second, subscapuler SFT for the third variable. The remaining variables were waist girth, height, weight, lateral abdomen SFT, triceps SFT and chest girth. SFT variables are not selected until the third variable for boys and second for girls, which differs significantly from those previously reported.
4. A multiple linear regression equation for boys in screening for obesity is Yc=1.10290-0.00057⋅X1-0.00177⋅X2+0.00225⋅X3 (X1: waist girth, X2: upper arm girth, X3: age), R=0.7098 (p<0.001). That of girls is Yc=1.08386-0.00342⋅X1+0.00407⋅X2 (X1: upper arm girth, X2: age), R=0.7591 (p<0.001). The result of these multiple linear regression equations showed no significant difference compared with those reported previously. Body density estimates using these equations are more effective in the estimation of both aspects of body composition, lean body mass and fat mass, and using variables (girth, age) are simpler methods than SFT.View full abstractDownload PDF (961K) -
Shogo Shima, Kunihiko Morita, Yoshiyuki Murai, Hiroshige Taniwaki, Yos ...1985 Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 849-854
Published: December 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe adjuvant activity of beryllium in two immune responses was examined in mice and guinea pigs. The splenic IgM-plaque forming cells in mice intraperitoneally or intravenously injected with beryllium chloride were significantly increased in comparison with that of the control mice. The induction of delayed type hypersensitivity to azobenzene-arsonate-N-acetyl-tyrosine was not increased by the injection of beryllium.
It was concluded that the adjuvant activity of beryllium was recognized on the humoral immune response.View full abstractDownload PDF (641K) -
Naoki Nakazono, Minehisa Nii-no, Keizo Ishii, Toshiyuki Hosokawa, Kazu ...1985 Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 855-861
Published: December 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Japan rubella occurs mostly in kindergarten and middle school students from 5 to 14 years of age. That is why it is presumed that school teachers of these age groups are at potential risk to be infected by this disease because of their close association with the children.
Comparing prevalence rates of rubella HI antibody in females who were 21 years old or less and those aged 22 to 29 in 1983, about 87% of the first group (who had received the rubella vaccinations when they were 13 to 14 years old) were seropositive while the prevalence rate was low (about 70%) in the second group.
School teachers in Sapporo Municipal schools were studied in October 1983 through questionnaires in order to investigate any special risk of their exposure to rubella. Among a total of 4, 165 school teachers aged under 40 years in 1983 in kindergarten, primary, middle and high schools in Sapporo, replies were obtained from 2, 412 of them (58%). A total of 2, 033 completed replies were analyzed, except those employed in 1983 when the rubella epidemic ceased. Among these 2, 033 school teachers, 932 had a history of rubella before employment, and 126 (6.2%) got rubella after employment. Among these 126 school teachers, 36 answered that they have suffered from rubella during the 1975-77 epidemic and 90 had it during the 1980-82 epidemic. The institute attack rates (%) were as follows: 11.3% (6 cases) in kindergarten, 6.5% (92 cases) in primary school, 5.4% (27 cases) in middle school and 1.5% (1 case) in high school; indicating higher attack rates among school teachers in the institutions for younger children, and a significant difference of the attack rates was obtained between kindergarten and high school. The increasing attack rate among staff in institutes for young school children showed a similar tendency in both epidemics, 1975-77 and 1980-82, compared with the attack rates of school-age children in the 1975-77 epidemic which was 26.4% in primary school, 15.3% in middle school and 2.9% in high shool.
In view of these data, it was suggested that rubella infections of school teachers were associated with infected kindergarten and school children.View full abstractDownload PDF (921K)
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