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Volume 30 (1975 - 197･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 593-
- Issue 5 Pages 523-
- Issue 4 Pages 461-
- Issue 3 Pages 387-
- Issue 2 Pages 289-
Volume 30, Issue 5
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Tsuyoshi Nagira, Kazunori Hatada, Hideyasu Aoyama, Masahiko Ohira1975 Volume 30 Issue 5 Pages 523-535
Published: December 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd., the biggest rouge (powder of iron oxide) manufacturer in Japan, opened and ran a factory at a small valley in Takebe Cho, Okayama Prefecture, in 1954, many residents near the factory suffered from remarkable environmental disruption such as air, soil, river and well water pollution. Air pollution has been mainly caused by SO2, discharged from baking furnaces of raw materials (FeSO4⋅7H2O), and dust of rouge. Soil and water pollution have been caused by drained water containing SO4-- and iron particles.
The houses, furnitures, crops and livestocks of the residents have been spoilt by these kinds of pollution.
About forty of them in the valley have suffered from severe health impairment, such as pulmonary emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, asthmatic bronchitis, rhino-pharyngo-laryngitis, conjunctivitis and, or pulmonary function impairment. In 1968, a man aged 85 died from bronchial asthma which might have been caused by air pollution.
The authors have studied this problem and the results are as follows:
1. It is easy to conjecture that Toda Kogyo has developed into the biggest rouge manufacturer in Japan by saving the expense of preventing environmental disruption.
2. Most administrative and political measures could hardly prevent environmental disruption, until some new legisrations had stopped the process of baking raw materials in 1971.
3. Although some epidemiological surveys were conducted by the government offices concerned, health impairment and nuisance to each resident have not been studied precisely nor fully discussed until recently.
4. In 1973, the residents in the valley brought a suit at the District Court of Okayama against Toda Kogyo about the environmental disruption and resulting health injuries and damages of their properties.
5. The authors have conducted the precise epidemiological survey in 1973 which clarified that most of the 39 residents in the valley were strongly suspected to have been injured by air pollution, which might have been more intense than that in the Yokkaichi district.
6. In the final analysis, the construction of such a chemical factory should not be permitted in a small valley in order to prevent environmental disruption.View full abstractDownload PDF (2115K) -
Masayosi Yamaguchi, Hideji Sato, Takeo Yamamoto1975 Volume 30 Issue 5 Pages 536-542
Published: December 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of vitamin D3 (25μg/100g body wt.) on the concentration of calcium in serum of rats was investigated after a single intraperitoneal administration of stannous chloride (Sn 3.0mg/100g). The administration of vitamin D3 to normal rats increased significantly the concentration of calcium in serum, while the administration of vitamin D3 to rats treated with stannous chloride did not enhance the concentration of calcium in serum. The predominant increase in kidney calcium concentration induced by the administration of stannous chloride was significantly decreased by the injection of sodium citrate (20mg/100g) to the tin-treated rats. The amount of tin accumulated in kidney of the tin-treated rats was not altered by sodium citrate. The decreased serum calcium concentration produced by the administration of stannous chloride was significantly enhanced by the treatment of sodium citrate, and the hypercalcemic effect of vitamin D3 in the tin-treated rats exhibited approximately 50% of the value obtained from the case of normal rats. On the other hand, the administration of stannous chloride markedly elevated the concentration of inorganic phosphorus in serum, and then the color of the kidneys changed into white. The data obtained from the present experiments seem to be consistent with the point of view that the reduction of serum calcium induced by the administration of stannous chloride is caused by the disturbance of kidneys as a result of accumulation of calcium in kidneys.View full abstractDownload PDF (1138K) -
Ichiro Wakisaka1975 Volume 30 Issue 5 Pages 543-548
Published: December 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe respiratory reaction produced by sulfur dioxide was studied with the dd strain mice. Sensory irritation by sulfur dioxide was accompanied with a rapid decrease in respiratory rate which reached a peak within a few minutes and was followed by a gradual recovery while exposure continued.
The degree of maximum response was directly proportional to the exposure concentration. Xylocain aerosol did not change the respiratory response to sulfur dioxide, indicating that the receptor sensitive to sulfur dioxide can not be affected by local anesthesia. The mice desensitized by a given concentration of SO2 to its sensory irritation still reacted to another higher concentration of SO2 in a fashion less sensitive than the normal mice not previously exposed to SO2. The rate of desensitization was dependent on time rather than on concentration of SO2, but it seems that there is a certain limit in the magnitude of desensitization which depends on the concentration of SO2.View full abstractDownload PDF (774K) -
Koji Nogawa, Arinobu Ishizaki, Etsuko Kobayashi, Hiromi Inaoka, Ichiko ...1975 Volume 30 Issue 5 Pages 549-555
Published: December 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUrine and blood samples from the inhabitants in the Ichi river basin area polluted by Cd were collected for the examination of Itai-itai disease. Urine samples were analysed for specific gravity, creatinine, protein, glucose, retinol binding protein (RBP), amino-N, proline, Ca, P and Cd. Blood samples were analysed for protein, transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, Na, K, Cl, Ca, inorganic phosphorus, glucose, urea-N and creatinine. At the same time, X-ray examinations of bones were carried out Results obtained were as follows.
1. In the inhabitants whose urinary RBP were detected, urinary creatinine concentrations were lower, proteinuria with glucosuria were more frequent, and urinary excretions of amino-N, proline and Cd were increased, levels of protein, Ca, inorganic phosphorus in seurm were lower and levels of alkaline pholsphtase, Cl, urea-N, creatinine in serum was higher, as compared with those from the inhabitants whose urinary RBP were not detected.
2. In the inhabitants suffering from osteomalacia, and whose urinary RBP were detected, urinary creatinine concentrations were lower, urinary excretions of proline were increased, levels of serum Ca were lower and levels of serum alkaline phosphatase were higher, as compared with those from the inhabitants whose urinary RBP were detected.
These findings suggest that there are some kinds of physiological abnormality chiefly based on renal tubular damage in the inhabitants living in Cd-polluted district who have low-molecular-weight protine in their urine.View full abstractDownload PDF (985K) -
Masahiko Ohira, Shin-ichi Yoshioka, Kuniyoshi Masuda, Sachiko Matsumot ...1975 Volume 30 Issue 5 Pages 556-561
Published: December 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolonium-210 (210Po) excreted in urine of the workers in the Ningyo-toge uranium mine was measured in order to evaluate the internal exposure due to radon-222 (222Rn) and its daughters.
210Po excreted in urine of the miners (shovellers and timberers), 1.35pCi/day, was higher than that of the other workers in the mine, 0.56-0.61pCi/day, and of control persons living in Okayama City, 0.65pCi/day, with high significance. There was no significant difference between 210Po excreted in urine of shovellers and of timberers.
In miners, no correlation between 210Po in urine and integrated working time, nor the correlation between 210Po in urine and the estimation of integrated dose of the internal exposure due to 222Rn and its daughters could be observed.
Though these results mean the difficulty for the estimation of internal exposure by the urinary value of 210Po, they also suggest the possibility for an effective method for environmental assessment in radiological health and safety.
Radium-226 excreted in urine of the miners was not higher than that of control persons.View full abstractDownload PDF (773K) -
Masahiko Fujita, Kenichiro Hashizume, Eigo Takabatake, Shoichi Nambu1975 Volume 30 Issue 5 Pages 562-573
Published: December 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mechanism of methylmercury accumulation in fish and aquatic organism was studied in aquatic food chains reproduced in the model streams. The results were compared with those of the direct absorption from surrounding water in the tank experiments.
Benthic algae obtained from the Tama River were planted in the model streams. After culturing them for 1-2 weeks, methylmercury was added 5, 10 or 20ppb every 24 hours. When the mercury level in the algae had become constant, the addition of methylmercury was terminated and the medium was completely replaced by a fresh one. Mayfly larvae (Eperorus sp.) and Tribolodon sp. (Ugui) were kept for 10-17 days in the model streams.
More than 95% of methylmercury was absorbed rapidly within 24 hours by the algae and as a result, methylmercury disappeared from the water. The level of methylmercury in the algae reached 69ppm on dry weight basis within 24 hours after the first addition of methylmercury at a 5ppb level. However, after the termination of methylmercury addition the mercury level in the algae decreased quite slowly not because of elution from the algae into the water, but because of its biological dilution.
The methylmercury absorbed in the algae was rapidly decomposed. Especially, species of algae that were resistant to organic pollution and generally appeared in relatively polluted water showed a higher ability to decompose methylmercury than one grown in oligotrophic water.
The higher the level of methylmercury was in the algae, the greater the quantity of methylmercury, contained in algae taken by fish or water-insects as their feed, was transferred into organisms at upper trophic levels. When 5ppb of methylmercury was added into the model stream, where the algae has a lesser ability to decompose methylmercury, more methylmercury was transferred to the organism at upper trophic levels than when 20ppb of methylmercury was added into the model stream, where the algae has a higher ability of decomposing methylmercury.
Of the methylmercury accumulated by fish or insect larvae through food chains and/or direct absorption, accumulation through food chains by Tricoptera, Ephemeroptera and Tribolodon was 83, 58-83 and 63%, respectively, at 5ppb of methylmercury in the water. On the other hand, accumulation by Tribolodon was reduced to 15% at 10ppb and 9% at 20ppb, respectively. Thus, it could not be unequibocally concluded whether or not the food chain plays an important role in the transfer of methylmercury in the aquatic ecosystem. But it is thought that the algae is an important organism for the transfer of methylmercury in the food chains.View full abstractDownload PDF (1818K) -
Noriho Tanaka, Keida Kitahara1975 Volume 30 Issue 5 Pages 574-578
Published: December 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytogenetic effects of 10 kinds of food dyes were studied on human leucocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. Among the dyes tested phloxine induced structural chromosome aberrations involving mostly gaps and breaks of chromatid type, whereas the other dyes did not induce aberrations within the limit of the present experiments. Three xanthin-dyes, erythrosine, phloxine, and rose bengale, were found to be strong inhibitors of DNA-synthesis, showing a significantly reduced thymidine incorporation, while the remaining 7 agents including 5 azodyes showed moderate or no inhibitions.View full abstractDownload PDF (2223K) -
Changes in Plasma Insulin, Hepatic Lysosomal Triglyceride Lipase, α-Glycerophosphate and Cyclic AMP ConcentrationsMasayoshi Ohmichi, Hiroyuki Morita, Ikuko Inami, Shigeo Koike1975 Volume 30 Issue 5 Pages 579-585
Published: December 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis investigation aimed at examining the hypertriglyceridemia induced by cobalt chloride may have some relationship with the increased plasma insulin and blood glucose level. The transitory rise of blood glucose at 2 hours after the intravenous injcation of cobalt chloride was synchronous with the increased level of blood insulin. Injection of cobalt chloride could not bring about higher concentration of plasma FFA than that of control rabbits, while at 24 hours after the injection, about a twentyfold increase of plasma triglyceride was observed accompanied by an accumulation of triglyceride in the liver. Hepatic α-glycerophosphate content was significantly already higher at 2 hours and this persisted for 24 hours whereas at 24 hours blood glucose returned to normal level with a slightly higher blood insulin level.
Despite increased level of blood insulin, no significant change could be observed in hepatic cyclic AMP content at 2 hours and there was not very much change in hepatic lysosomal triglyceride lipase activity at 24 hours after the injection. Therefore, hypertriglyceridemia observed in the cobalt-treated rabbit may be caused not by insulin induced inhibition of lipolysis in existing hepatic triglyceride.View full abstractDownload PDF (881K) -
1975 Volume 30 Issue 5 Pages e1-e2
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (83K)
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