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Volume 29 (1974 - 197･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 543-
- Issue 5 Pages 483-
- Issue 4 Pages 429-
- Issue 3 Pages 359-
- Issue 2 Pages 275-
Volume 29, Issue 5
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Michiko Kasai, Akiko Kasamaki1974 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 483-490
Published: December 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA previous study made it clear that SMON was an iatrogenic disease caused by the abuse of chinoform, however, reasons for the absence of SMON before 1955 remain unsolved. From the fact that the disease began to appear almost in the same years as the commencement of domestic production of the emulsified chinoform, the authors supposed that surface active agents and emulsives contained in the drug might have enhanced the occurrence of SMON. An experimental study was carried out on dogs to prove this supposition by using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as an emulsive.
1. Symptoms clinically similar to SMON appeared in 4 of the 5 dogs given chinoform with CMC, whereas only one of the 5 given chinoform alone showed the symptoms. The disease appeared earlier and the total amounts of chinoform required for giving rise to the disease were markedly lesser in dogs given chinoform with CMC.
2. Electromyographic examinations revealed the existence of degeneration in the nerves innervated to M. tibialis anterior and M. adductor of dogs with the disease.
3. Degenerative changes were detected also light and electron microscopically in the central and peripheral nervous tissues of dogs with the disease, but the changes were less severe as compared to those of human cases.
4. The effect of CMC on the intestinal absorption of chinoform was studied by examining the nonconjugated chinoform (NC) in the blood of dogs. The concentration of blood NC reached the highest levels earlier and maintained its levels higher thereafter when chinoform was given with CMC. However, such effects of CMC were reduced greatly by repeating the administration of the same drugs.
5. These results suggest strongly that the abuse of emulsified chinoform, which did not come into common use before 1955 in Japan, played a great role in the occurrence of SMON in man.View full abstractDownload PDF (2417K) -
(1) Cellular and Humoral Effects of Low Ambient TemperatureKoichiro Fujita, Kimi Yamashita, Masakazu Kikuchi1974 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 491-497
Published: December 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of low ambient temperature on the immune response was studied in mice following a single injection of sheep red cells.
In the whole immunological course, mice acclimatized to 8°C for 3 weeks produced as many splenic plaque forming cells and hemagglutinating and hemolytic activities as mice kept at 25°C. However, transfer of mice from 25°C to 8°C just after immunization caused a marked delay in immune response; the serum antibody levels were depressed in the initial phase of the immune response but increased in the productive phase. Transfer from 8°C to 25°C just after immunization temporarily elevated the serum antibody levels in the initial phase and shortened the latent period of immune response.
Temperature shift from 25°C to 8°C or from 8°C to 25°C on one day before immunization resulted in a corresponding decrease or increase mainly in 19S antibody activity on day 4. The results indicate that sudden temperature change may bring about profound effect in the induction of the immune response.View full abstractDownload PDF (838K) -
Masaaki Fukushima, Michiko Sakamoto, Etsuko Kobayashi1974 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 498-504
Published: December 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUrine specimens from Itai-itai patients living in Jinzu River Basin area polluted by cadmium and those from some inhabitants with tubular proteinuria and glucosuria living in Ichi River Basin area where cadmium pollution was found were analyzed for individual free amino acids quantitatively.
Generalized aminoaciduria was found in Itai-itai patients and also in the inhabitants in Ichi River Basin area, and the amino acid patterns were very simililar to each other though the excreted amounts of amino acids were a little lower in urine from the inhabitants in Ichi River Basin area. The aminoaciduria in these cases was very similar in its pattern to that reported in the Fanconi syndrome.
Relationships among the excretions of individual amino acids were observed and it led to the conclusion that the most probable mechanisms of the aminoaciduria in these cases was due to multiple disorders of amino acid transport in renal tubules. The most frequently impaired amino acid transpot system among the inhabitants in cadmium polluted areas was presumably “Neutral I System”, and “Basic System” and “Neutral II System” were less frequently impaired, “Acidic System” was the least. “Beta-amino System” did not seem to be affected.
The amount of increased hydroxyproline excretion was higher than that expected from the renal transport defect. It should be taken into consideration that the imino acid metabolism would be disturbed in these cases.
Further studies to examine amino acids in blood and amino acid clearance in kidney of these cases would be required to confirm these suggestions.View full abstractDownload PDF (937K) -
Increased toxicity following a short pause of administration or by intermittent administrationMasakazu Kawai, Kiichi Ueda, Ken-ichi Tojyo1974 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 505-511
Published: December 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been generally recognized in Japan that Subacute Myelo-Optic Neuropathy (SMON) is caused by 5-chloro-7-indo-8-quinolinol (chinoform). Several experiments on the neurotoxicities of Chinoform were done in rabbits, dogs, cats and Japanese quail, but only few reports on neurotoxicological signs in mice have been reported.
We described, in the previous report, that paralysis of hind legs or gait disorder occurred in mice after the administration of Chinoform emulsified in milk.
In the present paper, Chinoform was mixed with powdered diets fortified with dry milk with or without pesticides (BHC or Sumithion) and fed to mice for 16 or 25 weeks. There were no additional differences in the pesticides group as to appearance of neurological disturbances.
Remarkable increase of cases with neurological disturbances and mortality were found in animals fed Chinoform biweekly, or when Chinoform administration was resumed two weeks after the administration was stopped at the end of the 15th week.
Clinical signs of neurological disturbance occurred after the animals received a cumulated total dose of 40g of Chinoform/kg in continuous administration, of 24 to 28g in paused administration, and only 8 to 13g in biweekly administration.
No histopathological changes in brain, spinal nerves and sciatic nerve were found in any of the animals, but by electromicroscopic observation changes in axon and myelin sheath of sciatic nerve were found.
Based on our experimental findings in the difference of symptom grade caused by the mode of dosing, the record on the taking of Chinoform with or without any pause will hereafter be investigated in the epidemiological survey on SMON patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (5671K) -
I. Methods for determining nitrite and nitrate in vegetablesMiyoko Hamano1974 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 512-518
Published: December 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn quantitative analyses of nitrite (NO-2) and nitrate (NO-3) in vegetables, a comparative study has been undertaken between the method modified by Mori et al. and that by Nagata et al. In addition, the effect of reducing agents, viz. ascorbic acid (AsA) and FeCl2, on the determination of NO-2 by the above-mentioned methods have been examined. The results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. As to the recoveries of NO-2 being added to raw vegetable samples, it was found that Mori et al's method is superior to Nagata et al's in points of higher recovery, giving clear and colorless test solution, etc.
2. Almost no appreciable effect could be observed in measuring NO-2 when AsA was added to raw vegetable samples.
3. The addition of FeCl2 to a certain species of vegetables resulted in a marked decrease of NO-2 contents, while no appreciable effect was observed in other vegetables when determined by Mori et al's method.
4. During the process of boiling vegetable samples, changes in NO-2, NO-3 and NH3-N contents were observed. It was found that either NO-2 or NH3-N apparently increased, while NO-3 rapidly decreased. However, there were no quantitative relationships among these values.View full abstractDownload PDF (751K) -
Hideo Ota, Hiroyuki Onda, Hirokatsu Kodama, Naoki Yamada1974 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 519-524
Published: December 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of di-2-etyl-hexyl Phthalate (DOP) and di-butyl Phthalate (DBP) on the biological system of mice were histopathologically studied.
DOP and DBP were added to the stock diet by giving the animals pellets made from the above diet. Both DOP and DBP were given to mice for 1-3 months at dose levels of about 5.0g/kg/day and about 0.5g/kg/day, repectively.
Both DOP and DBP were found to cause marked lesions chiefly in the liver and kidney. In the large dose group, the liver showed remarkable vacuolar degeneration and necrosis of single cells, while the kidney showed cyst and degeneration of epithelial cells tubule. In the small dose group, although histological changes were slight in the liver and kidney, degeneration of parencyma was observed.
The stage of histopathological findings between DOP and DBP was recognized by the striking disturbances of DOP in both large and small dosages. However, from the fact that remarkable changes were noted especially in the stage of cytoplasm, it is considered that both DOP and DBP are chemical substances that possibly cause cytotoxins in the body.
The remarkable difference of lesions in the body was observed by the application of DOP and DBP. Regardless of the small dosage used for a long time, it became clear that both substances caused the increase of lesions in cytoplasm and in metabolic disturbances.View full abstractDownload PDF (6311K) -
Hiroyuki Morita, Masayoshi Ohmichi, Ikuko Inami, Shigeo Koike1974 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 525-531
Published: December 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe kinetics of plasma TG metabolism was assessed in ten rabbits with hypertriglyceridemia induced by injection of cobalt chloride and compared with normal ten pair-fed rabbits. Plasma TG turnover rate was remarkably higher in cobalt-treated than in control rabbits, while lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue was similar in both groups. The relationship between the concentration and turnover rate of plasma TG in both groups of animals was expressed as an asymptotic regression y=31.91934(1-e-0.0034788x). Nine of ten cobalt-treated rabbits located in the 95% confidence belt around the curvilineal line suggesting that the hypertriglyceridemia in these rabbits was predominantly due to enhancement of of plasma production, while only one rabbit a decrease of the removal efficiency was suspected to be a contributing factor in abnormality. The plasma TG concentration correlated significantly with the change in TG turnover rate. In the cobalt-treated rabbits, the plasma FFA values were similar to that of the pair-fed control rabbits, while the hepatic TG levels were significantly lower than that of the control rabbits.View full abstractDownload PDF (821K) -
Masayoshi Ohmichi, Hiroyuki Morita, Yoko Onuma, Shigeo Koike1974 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 532-536
Published: December 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDaily cobalt chloride injection for three days produced a rise of basal blood glucose concentration accompanied by the elevation of basal insulin levels as well as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in rabbits, while the sum of blood glucose concentration following oral glucose remained normal. Hypertriglyceridemia observed in cobalt-treated rabbits correlated highly with glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Higher concentration of plasma FFA was observed in pair-fed control rabbits as comparedto the cobalt-treated rabbits.View full abstractDownload PDF (607K)
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