Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene)
Online ISSN : 1882-6482
Print ISSN : 0021-5082
ISSN-L : 0021-5082
Volume 25, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • Hisao Matsumoto, Seiya Yamaguchi
    1970 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 183-195
    Published: June 30, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    3-tert-butylphenyl-N-methyl-carbamate (TBMC) was mixed in the animal diet CA-1 (Nippon CLEA Co.) in various concentrations (A: control, B: 4.5, C: 17, D: 50, E: 150, F: 450, G: 1350ppm) and cylindrical type diets were made. These were fed to rats and mice for 3 months and toxicity tests were carried out.
    TBMC added to the diet did not affect daily food consumption. Average intake of TBMC in the highest groups reached half of the LD50 values. Death rate of male rats and mice in the groups divided according to the concentration of TBMC did not reveal a significant difference. However in famale mice, a slightly higher death rate was observed in groups in which a greater amount of TBMC had been administered.
    After 3 months of feeding observation was made determination of GOT, GPT, serum cholinesterase activity, haematocrit, haemoglobin content, erythrocyte and leucocyte counts were carried out, and no effects of TBMC could be observed. At autopsy, necrosis, abscess and bleeding in lung, probably due to pneumonia was observed. These findings were distributed at random in both experimental and control groups. Histological changes in organs other than the lungs could not be observed. No effect was observed with regard to weight of each organs.
    Growth rate was not affected in male rats, but F and G groups in the female rats were inhibited (over 450ppm, 33.66mg TBMC/kg per day). In male mice, E, F and G groups (27.55mg TBMC), a lessered growth rate was observed.
    Results of the above experiments reveal a minimum toxic level of 150ppm of TBMC was established in the diet for 3 months, a level equivalent of 27.6mg/kg per day. A zero effect level is 50ppm TBMC or 9.67mg/kg per day.
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  • Michiyuki Murae, Manabu Tada, Shinyuro Takita, Michihiko Sumida, Masat ...
    1970 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 196-206
    Published: June 30, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Shigella dysenteriae (type Shiga) has been cultured in chick embryo using Tanaka's method in which a hen's egg is settled in a longitudinal, standing position, that is, with its dull point up and its sharp one down.
    After several chick embryo passage uses the virulence of Shigella dysenteriae increased in the chick embryo, and then it increased in mice.
    It has been demonstrated that after several passage uses in certain species of animals, virulence increased in other species of animals as well as the passage animal.
    The above-mentioned fact explains the mechanism of some epidemic infections.
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  • Cadmium and Zinc contents of Foodstuffs
    Arinobu Ishizaki, Masaaki Fukushima, Michiko Sakamoto
    1970 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 207-222
    Published: June 30, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Cadmium and Zinc contents of 340 different samples of foodstuffs on the market in Japan were quantitatively determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectrographic means.
    It was found that Cadmium levels in the grain and vegetables of Japan were not higher than that of the U. S. A. or Germany.
    Generally, it was found that the organs of sea Mollusca and Crustacea contained higher levels of Cadmium and very high values were ovserved in the livers of some sea mollusca; for example 10-110ppm in livers of some cuttlefish, 92-420ppm in that of Babylonia Japonica, a kind of roll shell.
    Regarding Zinc contents, levels were high in pulses and low in fruit in the case of vegetable foodstuffs.
    In animal foodstuffs, Zinc contents in the flesh were slightly lower than in the organs but in the case of Cadmium very much lower, thus the ratios of Cd/Zn are very low in flesh.
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  • 1. Concentration of River Water, Industrial Waste Water, or Well Water by Ion Exchange Chromatography
    Kentaro Kubota, Masami Arai, Harumi Nishino, Samon Maeda, Itsuro Senda ...
    1970 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 223-229
    Published: June 30, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A method consisting of an ion exchange chromatography and the atomic absorption spectrometry has been employed for the determination of cadmium, lead and zinc in river water, industrial waste water, or well water. Various chromatographic conditions have been checked and the following procedure has been established.
    Five liters of water, pH being adjusted to 1.2-1.5 with a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution, was applied to a column (Dowex 50W, 40-60mesh, 100ml) at a speed of 10ml/min.
    Elution was performed using 600ml of a 2N hydrochloric acid solution at the flow rate of 5ml/min. The total volume of effluent was adjusted to exactly 100ml after repeated acid fuming and filtration. The concentrate was subjected to the atomic absorption spectrometry using Hitachi Model 207 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer.
    Utilizing the above described procedure, results obtained for river waters or industrial waste waters merging or streaming into the Jinzu River, and for well waters around this river were also shown.
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  • 2. Simaltaneous extraction of the Heavy Metals from Soil
    Gunji Kawasaki, Itsuro Senda, Samon Maeda, Harumi Nishino, Masami Arai ...
    1970 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 230-235
    Published: June 30, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The decomposition by alkaline fusion, the simaltaneous extraction with a dithizone-carbontetrachloride solution and the atomic absorption spectrometry have been utilized for the quantitative analysis of heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and zinc in soil.
    The optimum pH for the extraction was found to be around 9.5 and the priority of making dithizonates for each metal ion was shown to be the following order; Cd>>Pb>Zn, among which there was not a great difference between the latter two. With the exception of low lead content (10μg), the relative standard deviation of less than 5% and the recovery of 94 to 117% were obtained for this analytical procedure. When concentration of lead was relatively low, APDC-MIBK or APDC-chloroform methods produced a higher sensitivity.
    Analytical data on the supposedly cadmium-polluted area around the Jinzu River and on a nonpolluted control area were also described.
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  • Hiroshi Ohara
    1970 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 236-247
    Published: June 30, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Tuberculin test and B.C.G. vaccination have been the most fundamental measures for preventing tuberculosis, because of their great efficacy in the experimental field of clinical medicine.
    It is, however, not clear that the measures have the same efficacy in the fields of health practice as in clinical medicine.
    The author discussed the actual states of their application in the fields of school health practice in Okayama Prefecture.
    Results are as follows.
    1) Most schools have various kinds of standards for selecting examinees for the tuberculin test by reference to children's past history records. They have, however, selected children receiving B.C.G. vaccination without any reference to their past history. Moreover, he pointed out that there were many unreasonable standards found among them.
    2) School health nurses often read the results of tuberculin tests and select children to receive B.C.G. vaccination.
    3) There are differences in efficacy of B.C.G. vaccination among schools. In addition to this fact, the author pointed out that some of the schools have continuously a low percentage of tuberculin positive reactions during a six year period in spite of receiving a B.C.G. vaccination.
    4) The author demonstrated many technical problems related to the lowness of tuberculin positive reaction rate among B.C.G. vaccinated children in the field of health practice.
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  • Kenzo Wake
    1970 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 248-264
    Published: June 30, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A Booklet of Mother and Child Health which is provided by the Maternal and Child Health Law, to every pregnant mother for recording health histories through pregnancy to school entrance, might play a very important role in the field of public health practice, when it is used more practically.
    Recently, there are various kinds of health booklets for recording one's health history such as a booklet for school children and students and for chronic diseases in the fields of school and occupational health.
    The author discussed records in the booklet utilizing the mother's memory with regard to health histories, in order to establish a more useful method of application to maternal and child health practice.
    The results are as follows.
    1) Most mothers still keep their booklets even when their children are in school.
    2) The columns for delivery in the booklet are filled by doctors or midwives, however, those for mothers' voluntary recording are almost blank.
    3) The author demonstrated interesting evidence that the more often mothers have opportunities to use the booklets, the more carefully they keep them.
    4) The rate of filling in columns is related not only to mothers' but also to doctors', public health nurses' and midwives' understanding of the significance of the booklets.
    5) He pointed out that mothers' memories of their children's health histories, though including important episodes, are not so clear.
    6) He also pointed out that mothers' evaluations of their children's developments are not so exact, especially, in cases when the mothers evaluate children developing poorly.
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