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Volume 47 (1992 - 199･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 981-
- Issue 5 Pages 881-
- Issue 4 Pages 775-
- Issue 3 Pages 679-
- Issue 2 Pages 587-
Volume 47, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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A School-based Case-control StudyYoshio Hirota, Setsuko Takeshita, Kyoichiro Kataoka, Tomio Hirohata, M ...1992 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 587-599
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate individual and environmental characteristics associated with the manifestation of influenza-like illness (ILI), a survey enrolling 509 schoolchildren was conducted after an epidemic peak in the 1988/89 season, and then a case-control study was designed according to the information concerning illness onset and usual life-style. Case series were defined as those with fever ≥38°C due to acute respiratory illness, subsequent absenteeism and medical consultation during the epidemic peak; mild-ILI (MILI; fever ≥38°C and <39°C) and severe-ILI (SILI; fever ≥39°C). Control series were defined as those with no symptoms (NS) during the same period. An adjusted odds ratio (OR) was obtained using an unconditional logistic regression model for MILI (55) or SILI (33) and NS (204) groups among respondents (508). For MILI, increased risk was observed for easily inflamed tonsils (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.6-6.4), with decreased risks for higher school grade (0.4, 0.2-0.8) and frequent intake of milk or dairy products (0.5, 0.3-1.0), but no significant association was determined for vaccination (0.6, 0.3-1.2). For SILI, there was an increased risk for easily inflamed tonsils (3.3, 1.4-7.9); and decreased risks for the higher grades (0.1, 0.1-0.3); use of a kerosene or gas heater with indoor exhaust (0.4, 0.2-0.9); and vaccination (0.3, 0.1-0.7). The OR of vaccinees for SILI constantly decreased regardless of grade and easily inflamed tonsils.View full abstractDownload PDF (1722K) -
Masayo Kobayashi, Taro Tsukahara, Tsukasa Takahashi, Yoshikazu Nakamur ...1992 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 600-608
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSYearly changes of intractable disease patients receiving financial aid for treatment were observed for 24 intractable disease patients from 1983 to 1987.
The results obtained were as follows.
1. The number of intractable disease patients receiving financial aid for treatment increased from 1983 to 1987 for 23 of the diseases. Only the number of SMON patients did not increase.
2. Medical care expenditures for these patients also increased since 1983. Greater increases for in-patients than for out-patients were seen for Huntington's chorea and Behcet's disease, while larger increases were seen for out-patients with Parkinson's disease, Scleroderma·dermatomyositis·primary multiple myositis, Buerger's disease, and others.
3. The proportion of national health insurance holders among intractable disease patients was 42.1% as compared with 34.7% among total national patients.
The proportion was especially higher for Huntington's chorea (64.6%), Parkinson's disease (64.1%) and SMON (59.4%) patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (864K) -
Shinya Matsuda, Toru Doi, Tomofumi Sone, Hiroaki Kahyo1992 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 609-617
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeasonal variation of mean birth weight in Nagano Prefecture was examined by a traditional time series analysis, which decomposes the variation in a series into trend, seasonal variation, other cyclic changes, and remaining irregular fluctuations, based on the data in Vital Statistics from January 1974 to December 1983.
The seasonal index of mean birth weight showed a unimodal pattern with a peak in June for males, and a bimodal pattern with peaks in spring and autumn in females with statistical significance. Previous reports have revealed that gestational period is the most important factor associated with birth weight. Therefore, we carried out time series analysis for the mean gestational period and observed an apparent seasonal periodicity, which showed a unimodal pattern with a bottom in winter for both sexes and parities. According to the results of statistical testing of the degree of coincidence between two time series, the time series of mean birth weight and that of mean gestational periods showed statistically significant coincidences in their monthly variations for multiparae. On the other hand, mean birth weight at 40 gestational weeks, which reflects the intrauterine growth, did not show seasonality. These results suggest that seasonality in gestational periods might play an important role in creating seasonal variations of mean birth weight in Nagano Prefecture.
The average daily number of births by month also showed apparent seasonalities both for primiparae and multiparae. Primiparae showed a bimodal pattern with peaks in February and August, while multiparae showed a unimodal pattern with a peak in May and a bottom in November. It has been said that the seasonality in marriage is one of important factors associated with seasonal variation in births. Time series analysis of the average daily number of marriages by month revealed an apparent seasonality with two peaks, one in April to May and the other in November. Lagged correlation analysis showed that correlation coefficients between time series of primiparae births and that of marriages had peaks at lag times of 9 and/or 10+12n months (n=0, 1, 2, 3). This result suggested the possibility that seasonality in marriage is related to the seasonal variation in births in Nagano Prefecture.View full abstractDownload PDF (1112K) -
Toshio Imai, Yukie Takeki, Syoji Yamazaki, Akihiko Yagoori, Motoo Niwa1992 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 618-626
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe long-term effects of low concentrations of sodium fluoride (0, 1 and 5mg/l) in drinking water on bone metabolism were examined in the growing senescence accelerated mouse (SAM-P/6) as a spontaneous experimental model of senile osteoporosis.
In 4 and 8 months of age respectively, there were almost no differences in body weight, and serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels between controls and fluoride groups. Calcium contents per dry weight of femoral bone were higher in fluoride groups than in controls.
The bone mass of the trabecular was not affected by the low-concentration sodium fluoride intake. However, sodium fluoride decreased the rate of bone mass loss associated with aging in the cortical bone in SAM-P/6 compared with the control. The results of this study suggest that, in growing SAM-P/6 mice, a long-term low-concentration sodium fluoride intake affects the skeletal metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1194K) -
Toshio Hirose1992 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 627-633
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of nutritional status on the levels of tryptophan (Trp), serotonin (5HT), and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) in six brain regions of rats were investigated.
1) A low-protein high-carbohydrate diet decreased Trp, 5HT and 5HIAA levels in the cortex and hippocampus, and those of 5HT and 5HIAA in the hypothalamus. This diet did not affect the contents of Trp and 5HT in the midbrain, but decreased 5HIAA. No significant changes of Trp, 5HT and 5HIAA were observed in the pons and medulla and striatum.
2) A low-carbohydrate high-protein diet increased the levels of Trp, 5HT and 5HIAA in the striatum, and 5HT and 5HIAA in the cortex, but showed no effect on the contents of Trp, 5HT and 5HIAA in the hippocampus, midbrain, pons and medulla and hypothalamus.
3) An energy-restriction low-carbohydrate diet increased Trp, 5HT and 5HIAA contents in the striatum, and 5HT and 5HIAA in the cortex and pons and medulla. In the hypothalamus, only 5HIAA was increased by this diet. The diet did not influence Trp, 5HT and 5HIAA contents of the midbrain and hippocampus.
These results suggest that i) lowered fat and carbohydrate intakes enhance 5HT synthesis and metabolism in the cortex and that lowered carbohydrate intake enhances them in the striatum, ii) energy restriction enhances the 5HT metabolism in the cortex, pons and medulla and hypothalamus, and 5HT synthesis in the cortex and pons and medulla, iii) lowered protein intake inhibits 5HT metabolism in the cortex, midbrain, hippocampus and hypothalamus, and 5HT synthesis in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus.View full abstractDownload PDF (887K) -
SHRSPHiroshi Ogawa, Tomoyo Nishikawa, Shinichi Fukushima, Sukenari Sasagawa1992 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 634-642
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present paper, we employed the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) as an animal model and the Kyo: Wistar rat (WKY) as a control, and studied on the effect of repeated phase shifts in light-dark cycles on lipid metabolism. First, we investigated diurnal rhythms of the lipid metabolism in SHRSP and WKY. In both strains, the activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic microsomal cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase in the dark period were significantly higher than those in the light period. In addition, in SHRSP, the serum apoA-IV level in the dark period was also higher than that in the light period.
Next, we repeated the phase shifts in light-dark cycles twice a week with elongation of the light period for 4 weeks. LPL activity in the light period increased in response to the repeated phase shifts in both strains. This might be a defensive reaction to maintain homeostasis in the lipid metabolism in addition to energy production.
Moreover, we performed repeated phase shifts in rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet containing 0.1% propylthiouracil to elucidate the effect on the development of hypercholesterolemia. The repeated phase shifts increased the levels of atherogenic lipoproteins and the atherogenic index (apoB/apoA-I). In particular, the effect was more marked in SHRSP. This deleterious effect could be due to the overproduction of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL, β-VLDL) in the liver.View full abstractDownload PDF (1075K) -
Naoki Shimada, Takashi Izuno, Katsumi Yoshida1992 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 643-649
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe problem of quantitative assessment of individual stress remains to be solved. The purpose of this study was to attempt to quantify the evaluation of stress using the Type A behavior pattern.
A total of 1, 101 factory workers, 602 male workers (aged 20-59) completed questionnaires regarding subjective symptoms, Type A behaviors, shift work, age, and lifestyles such as drinking habits and smoking habits. Using the results of our previous study, 3 component scores were calculated from the responses to 11 questions pertaining to the Type A behavior pattern. Stepwise logistic regression analysis of complaints of 8 stress-related subjective symptoms was performed, using shift work, age, drinking habits, and smoking habits as categorical independent variables, and 3 component scores as interval-scaled independent variables. The following conclusions were obtained.
1.The first component score, which represented overall irritability, was chosen as an independent variable for complaints of “hunger pains” and “tendency to have diarrhea.” The first component score had a positive association with complaints of these stress-related subjective symptoms, and the association with “hunger pains” was statistically significant with P<0.05, though the association with “tendency to have diarrhea” was not significant.
2. The second component score, which represented relaxation, was chosen for complaints of “heartburn or gastric reflux” and “abnormal thirst.” The second component score had a negative association with complaints of these stress-related subjective symptoms, and both associations were statistically significant with P<0.05.
3. The third component score, which represented irritability concerning the job, was chosen for complaints of “epigastric discomfort or pain”, “tendency to have constipation” and “abnormal thirst.” The third component score had a positive association with complaints of these stress-related subjective symptoms, and the associations with “epigastric discomfort or pain” and “abnormal thirst” were both statistically significant with P<0.05, though the association with “tendency to have constipation” was not significant.
These results suggest that these 3 component scores related to the Type A behavior pattern have significant associations with complaints of many stress-related subjective symptoms and are useful quantitative indicators of individual stress.View full abstractDownload PDF (881K) -
Emiko Kudoh, Takashi Komatu, Shigeyuki Nakaji, Kazuo Sugawara, Takashi ...1992 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 650-657
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have already reported a neutrophil separation method for the multiple simultaneous measurement of neutrophil chemiluminescence. However, when the reported separation method was used, at least 4ml of venous blood was needed to collect enough neutrophils for chemiluminescent measurement. Because of this blood volume, there is a limitation on applications of the multiple simultaneous method for neonates, infants, and in some clinical situations.
To expand the application of this neutrophil chemiluminescence measurment into clinical and health science areas, we have developed a new method for separation of neutrophils from a relatively small amount of blood (500μl) In addition, the influences of remaining red blood cells and hemoglobin levels in the neutrophil fraction on the chemiluminescence were examined to determine the necessity for elimination procedures.
The new separation method used a capillary tube (length, 130mm; outside diameter, 5mm; thickness, 0.8mm) with density gradient reagents (Histopaque 1077 and 1119). After centrifugal separation (500g, 30min), the neutrophil fraction was isolated with 93.1±4.7% purity and 60.6±11.1% yield. This purity and yield were comparable to or better than those with the previously reportd method, while levels of remaining red blood cells and hemoglobin were about the same. Remaining red blood cells and hemoglobin in the neutrophil fraction acted on the chemiluminescence as a quencher. For the correct estimation of neutrophil chemiluminescence, elimination of remaining red blood cells and hemoglobin in the neutrophil fraction is necessary.
This new neutrophil separation method is a very useful method, especially for cases in which available blood amounts are limited.View full abstractDownload PDF (2498K) -
Masaru Miyao, Shin'ya Ishihara, Taka-aki Kondo, Hisataka Sakakibara, M ...1992 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 658-662
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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