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原稿種別: 表紙
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
Cover14-
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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原稿種別: 目次
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
Toc11-
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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原稿種別: 目次
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
Toc12-
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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平林 久枝
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
I-
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原稿種別: 付録等
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
II-
発行日: 2000/03/20
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原稿種別: 付録等
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
II-III
発行日: 2000/03/20
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原稿種別: 付録等
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
IV-V
発行日: 2000/03/20
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原稿種別: 付録等
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
VI-
発行日: 2000/03/20
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原稿種別: 付録等
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
VII-
発行日: 2000/03/20
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原稿種別: 付録等
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
VII-
発行日: 2000/03/20
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原稿種別: 付録等
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
VIII-
発行日: 2000/03/20
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藤田 広志, 真田 茂, 石田 隆行
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
317-
発行日: 2000/03/20
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土井 邦雄
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
318-320
発行日: 2000/03/20
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遠藤 登喜子
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
321-323
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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松原 友子, 藤田 広志
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
324-331
発行日: 2000/03/20
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桂川 茂彦, 杜下 淳次, 石田 隆行, 土井 邦雄
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
332-336
発行日: 2000/03/20
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仁木 登
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
337-340
発行日: 2000/03/20
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長谷川 純一
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
341-344
発行日: 2000/03/20
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原内 一
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
345-348
発行日: 2000/03/20
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森 健策, 鳥脇 純一郎
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
349-354
発行日: 2000/03/20
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長谷川 玲
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
355-358
発行日: 2000/03/20
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真田 茂
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
359-362
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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石田 隆行
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
363-369
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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白石 順二, 桂川 茂彦, 土井 邦雄, 池添 潤平, 松本 常男, 小林 健, 小松 研一, 藤田 広志, 松井 美楯, 小寺 吉衞
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
370-375
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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片渕 哲朗, 藤田 広志, 浅居 喜代治, 植原 敏勇
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
377-383
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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We have been working on the development of a computer-aided diagnosis system for images in nuclear medicine by using artificial neural networks. A physician's diagnosis of coronary artery disease in nuclear cardiology is performed not only on the basis of imaging data but also includes other factors such as measurement data from exercise scintigraphy. Therefore, we propose an expert system that uses fuzzy inference to estimate the number of abnormal vessels in cases of single-or multi-vessel disease(including normal vessels)of the coronary arteries. The main characteristic of this system is that it integrates information from various sources, including the physician's impressions. In this study, we investigated the system's clinical effectiveness. Results indicated a rate of agreement between the system's confidence level of inference and the physician's diagnosis of 62.2% and a rate of sensitivity of 83% for coronary artery disease. The computer made it possible to utilize vague factors such as a physician's assessment based on experience and intuition. These results demonstrate the usefulness of our proposed technique.
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杜下 淳次, 桂川 茂彦, 土井 邦雄
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
384-390
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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We have been developing computerized schemes using texture analysis for automated detection and characterization of interstitial infiltrates on chest radiographs. To improve the performance of the schemes, new alternative texture measures need to be developed. In this study, we applied gray-level run length analysis to digital chest x-ray images and examined its potential usefulness for the detection of interstitial infiltrates. In addition, we proposed new run length matrices, which do not depend on direction, namely, the line-component run length matrix and the area-component run length matrix. Physical texture measures were defined based on the new gray-level run length analyses, such as the total number of different line components at each gray level in the line-component run length matrix and the total number of different area components at each gray level in the area-component run length matrix. We found that gray-level nonuniformity, which shows nonuniformity of gray-level distribution in the run length matrix, was an effective measure to identify correctly most difficult normal and most difficult abnormal cases, i.e., 50% correct detection for ten difficult false-negative cases, and 18% correct detection for eleven difficult false-positive cases in the previous texture analysis. Since gray-level nonuniformity represents different properties of the interstitial infiltrate patterns compared with texture analysis based on Fourier analysis, we believe that gray-level nonuniformity provides new and alternative physical measures for the detection and characterization of interstitial infiltrates on chest radiographs. In addition, our preliminary results indicated that new texture measures which were calculated from line-or area-component run length matrices may be useful for accurate detection and characterization of interstitial infiltrates on chest radiographs.
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中山 良平, 内山 良一, 廿日出 勇, 山本 皓二, 渡辺 良二, 難波 清, 北川 覚也, 竹田 寛
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
391-397
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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This paper introduces a classification of clustered microcalcifications that is based on the weighted-wavelet transform technique in digitized mammograms. The method uses three indicators of malignancy : (1)the standard deviation of the densities of individual microcalcifications within a cluster, (2)the coefficient of veriation of their sizes within a cluster, and(3)the circularity of a cluster. The method was applied to the evaluation of malignancy in 62 microcalcification clusters selected as somewhat difficult cases from Breastpia Namba Hospital's patient files by an experienced mammographer. The results of the discriminant analysis using these indicators showed 85.3% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity.
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真田 茂, 佐藤 浩史, 小林 健, 松井 武司, 高島 力
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
398-404
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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We examined a method using the image registration of previous and current chest radiographs for the temporal subtraction technique. Lung markings that traversed the lung substance were assigned as landmarks for image registration. The first derivative filter was employed to emphasize lung markings. To remove costal shadows that were emphasized simultaneously, edge gradients and connectivity in the horizontal direction were analyzed. Previous and current images in which the costal shadows had been deleted and only the lung marking shadows were emphasized were matched by a sequential similarity detection algorithm. The temporal subtraction images, from which a more normal structure was suppressed by this new registration technique, and the morbid temporal changes in 4 of 13 cases(31%)were better enhanced than with the previous method.
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小倉 敏裕, 小泉 浩一, 高津 一朗
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
405-410
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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We have conducted research on three-dimensional(3D)-computed tomography(CT)-colonography with single and multi-slice helical CT scanning, a recent topic of special interest. CT provides multiple ways to detect colorectal neoplasia including standard axial CT, multiplanar reconstruction(MPR), and 3D-CT-colonography. Furthermore, 3D-CT-colonography offers several methods of visualization using volumetric CT data depending on the threshold setting of CT values. The flythrough system of virtual colonoscopy is worthy of note for computer-aided diagnosis(CAD). Virtual colonoscopy provides real-time endoscopic viewing that simulates fiber-optic endoscopy, by simply pointing at a location in the MPR view. Virtual colonoscopy makes it possible to advance confidently into the digestive tract, except for highly tortuous colons, to turn rapidly at the end of the digestive tract, and to return back along the tract. This method could potentially reduce non-visualized areas between haustra of the colon, but virtual colonoscopy sometimes has difficulty distinguishing polyps from feces. This problem is largely avoided by applying synthesized 3D and MPR images(3D-MPR-CT), which can provide information on the intraluminal orientation of focal abnormalities. Therefore, with progress in CAD, we believe that, combined with the flythrough system and 3D-MPR-CT, virtual colonoscopy might be applied in the future as first-line examinations in screening for colorectal neoplasia.
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蔡 篤儀, 高井 勇, 小島 克之, 山田 功, 富田 政明
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
411-417
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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The aim of this study was to compare the performance of four different computer-aided diagnosis systems, i.e., a neural network(NN)with back-propagation(BP)learning, an NN with genetic-algorithm(GA)-based learning, a fuzzy logic method, and a GA-based fuzzy logic approach, for automated discrimination of myocardial heart disease. We evaluated the performance of the four systems in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. In our experiments, a total of 90 echocardiographic images from 45 subjects(an end-diastole image and an end-systole image from each subject)were used. Four statistical features, namely, angular second moment, contrast, correlation, and entropy were extracted from each composite image obtained from the corresponding end-diastole and end-systole images. These features were subsequently used in our classification schemes. Our results showed that the GA-based fuzzy logic method was superior to the other three methods. This method enabled the classification to achieve 95.9% of the average recognition rate. Thus the GA-based fuzzy logic approach is considered to be a promising tool for the discrimination of myocardial heart disease.
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福島 重廣, 吉本 康一
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
418-427
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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An image-understanding subsystem was developed for the first time for the computer-aided diagnosis of double-contrast gastric radiograms, the most effective images for diagnosing gastric cancer. Three tasks were incorporated : the gastric region was recognized by line tracking or by using active contours ; barium-pool regions were recognized by region extraction ; and the spinal region was recognized by examination of gray-level profiles. The image-understanding performance was evaluated by application to 18 direct radiograms. On the severe side, the gastric region was very well recognized up to 83% by the line-tracking method and up to 89% by the active-contour method. Barium-pool regions were well recognized up to 78% and the spinal region up to 56%. On the more optimistic side, the gastric region and brium-pool regions were recognized up to 100%, and the spinal region was recognized up to 83%. Furthermore, the computation time was evaluated for each processing element. The quality of image understanding by the developed system is also described.
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真田 茂, 小林 健, 吉田 めぐみ, 松井 武司, 高島 力
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
428-435
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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We developed a temporal subtraction technique for the detection of subtle anomalies on temporally sequential bone-subtracted chest radiographs(soft tissue image)by energy subtraction. To recognized the temporal changes in a current soft tissue image in comparison with those in a previous soft tissue image, we attempted to enhance the changes by a difference image processing technique. The lung markings were enhanced by the first derivative filter. The image registration for the lung marking on both images by the sequential similarity detection algorithm(SSDA)method was then employed. The soft tissue image provided by the energy subtraction technique was excellent in its detection of subtle abnormalities in the lung, and this method was able to detect subtle abnormalities such as infiltrates and nodules missed in screening. It was suggested that this temporal subtraction technique improves accuracy when radiologists diagnose soft tissue chest images by x-ray energy subtraction.
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福岡 大輔, 原 武史, 遠藤 登喜子, 篠原 範充, 藤田 広志, 池田 充, 太田 豊裕, 吉村 仁
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
436-442
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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We have been developing a computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)system for mammograms and have reported our evaluation studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effectiveness of the system in detecting mammographic cancers in terms of mass and clustered microcalcifications by comparing the performance of 40 doctors and the CAD system in evaluating 340 mammograms, and also employing ROC analysis by a radiologist as a preliminary study. We found that our CAD system could be useful if physicians take account of its results in their interpretation, because our CAD system detected candidates missed by some doctors. These results imply that our CAD system has potential usefulness for improving the accuracy of diagnosis in mammography.
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川下 郁生, 石田 隆行, 桂川 茂彦, 有村 秀孝, 土井 邦雄
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
443-448
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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Computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)system has been developing in the field of medical imaging. As CAD becomes more common in diagnostic radiology, it is expected that diagnostic performance will be improved. In actual use, however, the results of CAD might be affected by the quality of images, which are obtained under different exposure conditions and / or with differing devices. In this study, we investigated the effect of varied image quality on the results of texture analysis, a method developed by Katsuragawa, et al. and used in CAD for the detection of interstitial lung desease. To provide samples of varying image quality, we obtained images using various exposure doses and scatterer thicknesses. It was found that texture analysis was affected by differences in scatterer thickness.
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原 武史, 大塚 修, 藤田 広志, 遠藤 登喜子
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
449-454
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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We have been developing an automated detection algorithm for masses on digital mammograms, but some larger areas remain as false-positive candidates. In this paper, we propose a simple method based on edge analysis by using a Prewitt filter to improve detection performance in terms of eliminating false-positive candidates. Edge patterns extracted within normal mammary-gland regions tend to be complex ones because of the presence of funicular components. On the other hand, patterns within malignant mass shadows tend to be white, plane surfaces owing to their high x-ray absorption ratio. By comparing these different features between masses and normal patterns, false-positive masses were eliminated. As a result of incorporating this method into our previous detection scheme, the number of false-positives decreased from 0.93 to 0.78 per image while maintaining the same true-positive rate. It was concluded that our improved scheme is effective for eliminating false mass candidates basically including edge patterns with larger mass area.
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大森 修, 鈴木 規芳, 佐藤 浩郁, 渡辺 俊介, 佐藤 憲司
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
455-459
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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Congenital dislocation of the hip joint(LCC : luxatio coxae congenita)is the most frequent congenital dislocation. We attempted to carry out computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)of LCC by tracing the x-ray image on the display and measuring the hip joint by computer program. We developed software for CAD with Visual C++6.0, and adopted the algorithms of Hilgenreiner's method and Iino's method in our determination of the measurement. We studied 146 examples of hip joints in infants under 1 year of age to obtain the data. It was found that diagnosis by CAD software was equal to physicians' diagnosis in 3-to 4-month-old infants. The ease of diagnosis by this program was confirmed, and it was concluded that computer-aided diagnostic software may contribute to the diagnosis of LCC.
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北山 彰, 板谷 道信, 友光 達志, 荒尾 信一, 天野 貴司, 林 明子, 曽根 照喜, 福永 仁夫, 山下 一也
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
460-471
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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In order to support the diagnosis of osteoporosis by the quantitative determination of bone strength, we examined a pre-processing method for extracting trabeculae and a quantitative method of analyzing the characteristics of trabeculae by imaging. The results indicated that both density-exposure conversion and background trend correction(smoothing filter method, rolling ball method)were effective pre-processing methods for extracting trabeculae. Image analysis of bone trabecular characteristics showed that there was a significant weak negative correlation(r=-0.26, p=0.011)between the number of vertical trabeculae on lateral lumbar vertebral images and lumbar bone mineral density. In addition, there were significant positive correlations(r=0.510〜0.678, p<0.0029〜0.0426)between the spatial frequency of calcaneal trabecular images estimated by our newly developed method of analyzing spatial frequency and bone mass indices obtained by the QUS / SXA apparatus for quantifying bone mass. There were significant higt correlations(r=0.608〜0.820, p<0.0001〜0.0109)between the fractal dimension of calcaneal trabecular images and bone mass indices. In conclusion, it was shown that the values obtained from analysis were correlated with bone elasticity and bone density.
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西池 成章, 藤村 一郎, 相良 健司, 坂下 惠治
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
472-479
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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EDR is a function of FCR that automatically determines the optimal density of images. This function makes it difficult to evaluate changes in pleural effusion on sequential chest CR. We developed a method to quantify the amount of pleural effusion using the digital value and S value of chest CR. We evaluated the efficacy of the method to quantify the amount of pleural effusion using these values of chest CR in clinical settings. The study period was from December 1996 to January 1999. Study 1 : Chest CR was carried out before and after pleural cavity drainage in 70 cases. The volume calculated with the method using the digital value and S value of CR[x(ml)]was compared with the drained volume[y1]on both sides. Study 2 : Change in pleural effusion was estimated with a method using CT(y2)and with tht method using the digital value and S value of CR(x). The relationship of these two data was investigated. Study 1 : The regression equations between x and y1 were y1=10.5x+21.2(r^2=0.89)on the right side and y1=0.95x+69.7(r^2=0.68)on the left side. Study 2 : The regression equations between x and y2 were y2=0.75x-1.88(r^2=0.70)on the right side and y2=0.87x-1.27(r^2=0.65)on the left side. The method using the digital value and S value of CR was effective for quantifying changes in pleural effusion.
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松原 友子, 原 武史, 藤田 広志, 遠藤 登喜子, 岩瀬 拓士, 堀田 勝平
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
480-485
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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One of the issues needing to be solved in our mammogram CAD system was its precision in the process of extracting the breast skin line. Effective skin lines that were not extracted precisely represented about 12% of images, making it necessary to improve our previous method. Therefore, our old method was improved in this study by adding processes for detecting the edge with a Sobel operator and weighting profiles. When the revised method was evaluated using 340 mammograms obtained from 7 hospitals, including 42 mammograms whose skin lines were not extracted by the previous method, it was possible to extract the effective skin lines of all mammograms. This result indicatae that our proposed method is effective.
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芦澤 和人, 林 邦昭, 石田 隆行, 桂川 茂彦, 土井 邦雄
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
486-490
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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We applied an artificial neural network to the differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease on chest radiographs. Our neural network consisted of 26 input units, including 16 radiological findings and 10 clinical parameters, and 11 output units corresponding to the 11 types of interstitial lung disease. Our results indicate that the neural network has a high level of performance for the differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease and can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of observers. In conclusion, the decision support system using the neural network can assist observers in the differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease on chest radiographs, when the output of the neural network is used as a "second opinion."
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小林 健, 阿保 斉, 真田 茂, 上村 良一
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
491-495
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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The purposes of this study were to evaluate the clinical usefulness of dual-energy subtraction images in chest radiography and to throw light on the way of integrating high-grade image processing with clinical diagnosis. Among 221 clinical cases to which this method was applied, its clinical usefulness was detected in 41 cases(18.6%). Soft tissue images facilitated nodule detection in 11 cases. Detection of the nodule on the CR image was not possible in 2 of these 11 cases. The bone image was also useful in 8 cases, because of the detection of benign patterns of calcification. Considering the role of chest radiography as a method of screening in chest imaging diagnosis, support such as the prevention of missing lung nodules and the suggestion of unnecessary further examinations seemed extremely important. Because the dual-energy subtraction method provided such support, it was clinically evaluated as a useful high-grade image processing technique that is expected to be of even further benefit following technological improvements.
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中村 克己, 魚住 富淑弥, 高橋 広行, 岡崎 浩子, 掛田 伸吾, 鎌田 宏二, 小田 敍弘, 村上 誠一, 藤本 啓司, 中田 肇, ...
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
496-502
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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Temporal subtraction is a technique by which a previous chest radiograph is automatically registered with and subtracted from a current radiograph for the enhancement of interval changes. In this study, we evaluated the clinical utility of temporal subtraction in various lung abnormalities. Detection of lung nodules, particularly those overlapping normal anatomical structures such as ribs, heart, and pulmonary hilum was improved. For follow-up examinations of diffuse infiltrative lung diseases, new abnormalities, such as acute exacerbation or associated lung cancer, become more apparent on subtraction images because pre-existing fibrotic changes are clearly subtracted. Diffuse ground-glass opacities, which may be difficult to evaluate by chest radiography, are demonstrated as characteristic mild diffuse inhomogeneous opacities by temporal subtraction. Our results indicate that temporal subtraction can provide improved accuracy in the interpretation of chest rediographs.
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加野 亜紀子, 藤田 広志
原稿種別: 本文
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
503-506
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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杉尾 一晃, 国枝 孝光, 藤田 広志, 原 武史, 河瀬 剛, 小川 和美, 石田 亨, 稲垣 充廣
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2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
507-509
発行日: 2000/03/20
公開日: 2017/06/30
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2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
510-511
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原稿種別: 付録等
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
512-514
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原稿種別: 付録等
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
515-
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原稿種別: 付録等
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
516-
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2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
517-
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原稿種別: 表紙
2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p.
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