日本放射線技術学会雑誌
Online ISSN : 1881-4883
Print ISSN : 0369-4305
ISSN-L : 0369-4305
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63 巻, 4 号
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巻頭言
教育講座－技師が書く技師のための読影講座－
基礎講座－臨床経済学の基礎－
臨床技術講座
連載読み物－医療の周りの法律について－
学術委員会報告
学術交流委員会報告
JIRAトピックス
原著
  • IVRに従事する看護師の被ばく形態の把握と管理手法の検討
    森 泰成, 越田 吉郎, 藤井 友則, 市川 勝弘
    2007 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 401-411
    発行日: 2007/04/20
    公開日: 2007/05/18
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.63.401
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Although a large number of studies have been done on exposure to operators and doctors during interventional radiology(IVR), there have been very few reports on nurses. This study was carried out to clarify the situation regarding exposure for nurses, and provides examples of how to estimate and manage. We measured space dose-rate distributions with an ionization survey meter, and personal exposure dose by a small fluorescent grass dosimeter(Dose Ace). The experimental results disclosed that there tended to be two types of exposure depending on the task performed. Head and neck(collar level)were associated with the highest exposure dose, which was observed in nurses assisting operators. Alternatively, knees showed the highest exposure dose, which was observed in nurses observing and assisting the patient. When estimation of skin equivalent exposure at the knees is needed, it can be calculated by using the value measured at the collar level. Furthermore, in estimating exposure dose, the directional and energy characteristics of personal dosimeters should be considered adequate. For radiation management, a circular protective sheet can be placed around the patient's lower area and a protective screen near the patient's head, and basic and practical education can be given. We concluded that these are highly useful for the personal monitoring of nurses engaged in IVR.
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  • 膝グラビティ撮影法（Gravity Sag View）の検討
    日高 国幸, 柳川 康洋, 川本 清澄, 前田 大助, 小水 満
    2007 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 412-419
    発行日: 2007/04/20
    公開日: 2007/05/18
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.63.412
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The gravity sag view(GSV)is a lateral radiograph taken in the same position when the posterior sag sign is observed. The purpose of this study was to standardize the radiography technique for GSV by adjusting lateral rotation. To confirm the benchmark and correction angle(CA)for the GSV position, we assessed three-dimensional(3D)CT of the GSV position of the knee using normal volunteers. The benchmark is established at the 3-point of the leg and adjusting the CA of the knee is established by estimating from Rosenberg technique radiography. This helped not only to correct external rotation in the initial radiography but also to correct rotation for repeat radiography. Our method is quantitative and highly reproducible, and it increases the success rate in adjusting lateral radiography of the knee.
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  • 胸部単純X線画像における心臓ペースメーカリードの描画改善
    鈴木 信昭, 真田 茂, 鈴木 正行, 清野 和絵, 中野 博行
    2007 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 420-427
    発行日: 2007/04/20
    公開日: 2007/05/18
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.63.420
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Chest radiographs provide significant information about the pacing lead for the management and follow-up of post-cardiac pacing patients. However, the pacing lead is not always clearly visible because of cardiac insertion via the mediastinum and low contrast on the chest radiograph. We developed an image-processing technique that improves visualization of the cardiac pacing lead on chest radiographs to facilitate management after pacemaker implantation. In this study, 117 chest radiographs obtained during pacemaker follow-up were analyzed. These chest images were smoothed using a median filter, sharpened by unsharp masking, then binarized by thresholding using the moving average method. To evaluate the usefulness of these processed images, four cardiologists compared the original and processed images using the two-sample preference test. As a result, visualization of the pacing lead was significantly improved on all processed images compared with that on the original images. We conclude that this image processing technique can facilitate pacemaker management.
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  • X線防護材としての無鉛ボードの評価
    加藤 洋, 福士 政広, 安部 真治, 乳井 嘉之, 沼野 智一, 木村 純一, 三田 創吾
    2007 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 428-435
    発行日: 2007/04/20
    公開日: 2007/05/18
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.63.428
    ジャーナル フリー
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    For security, boards containing lead are commonly used to partition off rooms adjacent to radiation facilities. From the viewpoints of environmental safety and of material recycling during the process of remodeling or repair, however, the trend is toward avoiding the use of lead-containing radiation-protection board. Consequently, we developed a lead-free board(W 910×H 1820×D 12.5 mm)composed of a mixed material incorporating calcium sulfate and barium sulfate to be used as a partition at a diagnostic X-ray institution. The mass attenuation coefficients of the lead-free board were lower by about 12% and 60% for energy ranges of 25∼37 keV and 38∼41 keV, respectively, as compared with those of lead. Lead equivalents for the newly developed board(12.5 mm thickness)were 0.87±0.01 mmPb at 100 kV tube voltage, 0.60±0.01 at 125 kV, and 0.47±0.01 at 150 kV. A double-layer lead-free board proved to have enough shielding ability even at usual photographic frequencies.
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ノート
  • 状態評価ファジィ制御による体格を考慮した腹厚推定法の検討
    —診断用X線装置の自動露出制御機構への応用—
    近藤 裕二
    2007 年 63 巻 4 号 p. 436-444
    発行日: 2007/04/20
    公開日: 2007/05/18
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.63.436
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In digital X-ray photography of the abdomen and lumbar vertebrae, the automatic exposure control(AEC)system installed in the radiographic stand is essential for imaging at an appropriate dose. The AEC system has been used in many medical facilities. As patient size needs to be adapted, currently available AEC systems are equipped with a mechanism that enables an increase/decrease, by stages of 7-9, in AEC for X-ray dose. Adjustment of this function, however, depends largely on the radiologist's experience, as such X-ray dose control is lacking in reproducibility and quantification. We performed fuzzy reasoning using a measure of obesity(body-mass index: BMI)that was determined from the patient's height and body weight and estimated his/her abdominal thickness. On the basis of this estimated value, we established a methodology to define the conditions for X-ray photography of abdominal thickness in the area of increased patient thickness. We speculated that this methodology might provide better reproducibility and quantification for X-ray dose control in the area of increased patient thickness than the conventional AEC system.
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