Our thermodynamic studies on Mixing Schemes operating in aqueous solutions of nonelectrolytes are reviewed. We use the data of higher order of G than hitherto utilized. Generally there are three distinctively different Mixing Schemes present over the entire composition range. Some details of each Mixing Schemes are described as much as known at this time. The findings by other techniques are also discussed where applicable.

抄録全体を表示

溶液熱力学量の振る舞いを溶液構造との関わりで理解するためには,実験と理論が相補いながら研究を深めていく必要がある。本稿では溶液の熱力学量と溶液構造を総体として取り扱うことのできる理論の代表的なものである積分方程式理論について,基礎概念を中心に紹介した。初めに溶液の理論における最も重要な量である分布関数の基本的な性質について議論した。次に,分布関数と熱力学量を結びつける関係式,および分布関数に関する積分方程式理論について簡単に紹介し,その特徴を確認した。最後に,2成分系溶液の過剰エンタルピーと部分モルエンタルピーを例として,厳密な理論的な基礎に基づいて溶液挙動に対する直感的イメージを作り上げる試みを示した。

抄録全体を表示

Rayleigh light scattering ratios obtained using a laser light source, combined with molar volume and refractive index measurements, were used to evaluate the excess Gibbs potentials of mixing in binary liquid mixtures. When these quantities are measured as functions of temperature, as well as composition, the excess enthalpy and entropy of the binary mixtures can be obtained. This contribution presents the pertinent experimental techniques and data analyses necessary to extract excess Gibbs potentials from light scattering measurements. Data is presented for one representative system consisting of toluene and propan-2-ol mixtures.

抄録全体を表示