Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) function like regular antibodies, but they consist of only one domain. Because of their low molecular weight, sdAbs have advantages with respect to production and delivery to their targets and for applications such as antibody drugs and biosensors. Hence, sdAbs with high thermal stability are required. In this work, we chose seven sdAbs, which have a wide range of melting temperature (T_m) values and known structures. We applied molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to estimate their relative stability and compared them with the experimental data. High-temperature MD simulations at 400 K and 500 K were executed with simulations at 300 K as a control. The fraction of native atomic contacts, Q, measured for the 400 K simulations showed a fairly good correlation with the T_m values. Interestingly, when the residues were classified by their hydrophobicity and size, the Q values of hydrophilic residues exhibited an even better correlation, suggesting that stabilization is correlated with favorable interactions of hydrophilic residues. Measuring the Q value on a per-residue level enabled us to identify residues that contribute significantly to the instability and thus demonstrating how our analysis can be used in a mutant case study.

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Human brain temperatures have been measured noninvasively using ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) in normal adult volunteers and patients. The method to estimate human brain temperatures was reviewed. Detected dynamical human brain temperature changes of normal volunteers with some maneuvers and clinical applications of human brain temperatures were also reviewed.

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We have investigated the relaxation process in the low molecular weight amorphous polystyrene around the glass-transition temperature (T_g) using adiabatic calorimetry, Temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, dielectric relaxation and viscosity measurements. With the exception of the relaxation times determined from DLS measurements and adiabatic colorimetric measurements below T_g, the relaxation evaluated from each measurement Time showed the same temperature dependence on a time scale of 10⁻⁶ to 10² s. The relaxation phenomena above T_g observed in adiabatic calorimetry, TMDSC, and dielectric relaxation measurements are consistent with the viscosity measurements of associated with the results, and these relaxation processes are due to the α-process directly related to the glass transition. The relaxation phenomena obtained using DLS correspond to processes based on simple diffusion motion. The relaxation observed in the adiabaticcalorimetry below T_g is also due to the α-process, but it is measured under non-equilibrium thermodynamic conditions, suggesting a different temperature dependence from other α-process observations.

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Analytical instruments which has been gradually improved are widely used to get various property of analyte. Those techniques give analysts much bigger data that makes complication to analyze the property of analyte. Moreover, those results indicate different intensity and dimension when various analytical instruments are used, it often becomes the cause of their complication to get detail of property of analyte. Recently, informatics become convenient tools to analyze big data which can be extracted various target property. This report offers a topic of informatics to analyze relation between gustatory of honey and analytical data using DSC, FTIR, ICP-MS, ICP-OES and GC/MS, which include how combine and normalize data which indicate different intensity and different dimension.

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