巻号一覧
36 巻 (2009)
- 5 号 p. 243-
- 4 号 p. 187-
- 3 号 p. 129-
- 2 号 p. 71-
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36 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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巻頭言
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石黒 慎一2009 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 129
発行日: 2009/06/30
公開日: 2022/11/20
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (181K)
論文
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杉浦 拓也, 木村 二三夫, 小川 英生2009 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 130-139
発行日: 2009/06/30
公開日: 2022/11/20
ジャーナル フリーEnthalpies of solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, molecular weight average, Mw ＝ 1 × 104) in water, alkanol (n ＝ 1 ～4) and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) were measured at 298.15 K using newly constructed calorimeter to investigate the solvation behavior of PVP in those solvents. Enthalpy of solution of PVP in water is exothermic. Enthalpies of solution of PVP in other solvents are smaller than uncertainty of calorimeter. Densities and sound velocities were also measured in same series of solution to calculate partial specific volumes at infinite dilution, Vw,2∞, partial specific isentropic compressions at infinite dilution, Ks,w,2∞, of PVP of different molecular weight. And viscosity was also measured to evaluate specific viscosity, ηSP, of these solutions. Vw,2∞ of PVPs in water is larger than Vw,2∞ of PVPs in alkanols, and Ks,w,2∞ of PVPs in water is zero. For the alkanol solutions, Vw,2∞, Ks,w,2∞ and ηSP of PVPs increase with increasing number of carbon atoms in the alkanol molecules. Vw,2∞ in NMP shows the largest value among all systems investigated. Positive values of Ks,w,2∞ mean that solvent molecule surrounding PVP are easily compressible, for NMP system.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1015K)
ノート
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佐藤 博, 木村 二三夫, 飯田 真吾, 萩原 清市2009 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 140-143
発行日: 2009/06/30
公開日: 2022/11/20
ジャーナル フリーIn calorimetry, the heat concerned is necessarily accompanied with incidental heat due to the irreversibility of measurement process. Hence, the reduction of such incidental heat is a key technology to design calorimeters of the lowest uncertainty. An airtight ampoule breaker and a low-friction stirrer were designed to reduce the incidental heat due to the vaporization of solvent and the friction of stirring process that are presumably two of major sources of the incidental heat in measurement of heat of immersion. Testing a calorimeter adopting these devices, the fluctuation of base line was found to be as low as the level of the characteristic noise of amplifier. The results of two repetitive measurements of Joule heating in the measurement vessel coincided within 0.57 %.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3285K) -
本村 和子, 益田 泰明, 有井 忠2009 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 144-148
発行日: 2009/06/30
公開日: 2022/11/20
ジャーナル フリーThermal decomposition of Nylons in helium gas atmosphere was studied by EGA-EI (electron ionization) MS and EGA-PI (photoionization) MS. The EI mass spectra were difficult to characterize the decomposition products due to the overlapping of fragmentation ions. On the other hand the PI mass spectra characterized clearly the decomposition products by the parent ions only. It shows that EGA-PIMS is a useful method in the measurement of thermal decomposition of polymers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3127K)
2008年度日本熱測定学会奨励賞
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飯島 美夏2009 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 149-156
発行日: 2009/06/30
公開日: 2022/11/20
ジャーナル フリーThermal properties of polysaccharide hydrogels formed by physical crosslinking are reviewed. Attention is especially paid for change in gelling mechanism affected by thermal history. The effect of thermal history on gel-sol transition was investigated with highly sensitive differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in order to clarify the non-equilibrium state of κ-carrageenan hydrogels. Thermal histories markedly affect on the junction zone formation. The effect of annealing on xanthan gum molecules was investigated with DSC and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Oscillational change in nonfreezing water content (Wnf) observed with DSC suggests that molecular chains of xanthan gum aggregate and dissociate as a function of time. AFM images provide direct information concerning oscillational change in the network structure. These AFM images accord well with variation of Wnf measured with DSC. Low-methoxyl pectin forms various kinds of hydrogels when divalent cations are added. Calcium-pectin hydrogels were prepared with annealing the sol state of the aqueous solution of pectin. Viscoelastic properties of calcium-pectin hydrogels are measured by thermomechanical analysis (TMA) in water. Dynamic modulus (E' ) of calcium-pectin hydrogels decreases with increasing annealing temperature and time.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4622K)
解説
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田崎 晴明2009 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 157-164
発行日: 2009/06/30
公開日: 2022/11/20
ジャーナル フリーWe review our recent attempts to extend operational thermodynamics to nonequilibrium steady states realized in heat conducting systems. The extended Clausius relation, its “nonlinear-nonequilbrium” improvement, and accompanying microscopic expression for nonequilibrium entropy are discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (872K) -
松林 伸幸2009 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 165-172
発行日: 2009/06/30
公開日: 2022/11/20
ジャーナル フリーThe free-energy analysis is essential to understand and control a chemical process in condensed phase. The current status of theoretical/computational chemistry is, however, that the free energy remains a most difficult quantity to compute. For the fast computation and molecular understanding of the free energy, a new theory of solutions is introduced and is combined with molecular simulation. This theory is called the method of energy representation, and constructs the solvation free energy as a functional of distribution functions of the solute-solvent interaction energy. The method of energy representation greatly expands the scope of solution theory and is amenable to such frontline topics of physical chemistry and biophysics as supercritical fluid, flexible molecules with intramolecular degrees of freedom, inhomogeneous system, and quantum-mechanical/molecular-mechanical (QM/MM) system. We present a brief introduction to the distribution-function theory of solutions, and describe the method of energy representation with its performance. As an application to inhomogeneous system involving flexible species, the molecular binding into micelle and lipid membrane is analyzed by treating micelle and membrane as a mixed solvent system consisting of water and amphiphilic molecule.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2239K) -
高井 和之, 榎 敏明2009 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 173-180
発行日: 2009/06/30
公開日: 2022/11/20
ジャーナル フリーThe electronic properties of nanographene and their chemical modification effect are reviewed. The presence of the zigzag edge in nanographene gives edge states, which are the non-bonding spin-polarized π -electronic states between graphene π - and π *-bands, and are localized at the zigzag edge sites. The edge states having the large density of states at the Fermi energy play an important role not only in the electronic properties of nanographene but also in view of chemical reactions. The fluorine termination of the edge sites causes the reduction in the spin polarization of the edge state, while bromine termination enhances the spin-orbital coupling of the edge state.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (8569K)
フロギストン
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2009 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 181-183
発行日: 2009/06/30
公開日: 2022/11/20
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (189K)
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