研究技術計画

「日本の未来の担い方」を探る

原山優子

原稿種別: 本文
2014 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 148-149
発行日: 2014/02/24
公開日: 2017/10/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.28.2_148

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By the past, Japan has experienced period of growth and economic stagnation. Today, within the framework of drastic structural changes, in particular with the arrival of new players and ever expanding global value chains, Japan has still difficulty to find its capacity to proactively adapt to the environment. The council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP) launched A Comprehensive Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy last June, aiming at transforming Japan to a most innovation friendly country. CSTP expects that this "future directon of Japan" will be shared with all actors of the Japanese innovation system.

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特集に寄せて : あらためて「未来」を語る(<特集>日本の未来の担い方)

吉澤剛

原稿種別: 本文
2014 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 150-152
発行日: 2014/02/24
公開日: 2017/10/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.28.2_150

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日本の未来の担い方(<特集>日本の未来の担い方)

吉澤剛

原稿種別: 本文
2014 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 153-162
発行日: 2014/02/24
公開日: 2017/10/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.28.2_153

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Vividly depicting vital visions steers the direction of science, technology and innovation policy although it becomes increasingly difficult to foresee future society. In Japan, there has been interest less in what comes than in how to ride the tide when it comes. This cultural orientation deteriorated Japanese futurology flourished in the 1960s, as bounded by collectivism and presentism making politics taboo. The other way to anticipate futures demands a novel design thinking of wider knowledge and technology process and its social situation/context, going far beyond skimming tangible product design. Intermediary agencies between knowlege producers and users may realize such thinking by linking these two with their dynamics, flexibility and future orientation. They also include social scientists, who are now requested to project themselves into the future with due responsibility and imagination. Among them, five up-and-coming contributors from various areas in academia and practice are invited for this special issue.

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希望/期待から見る科学技術(<特集>日本の未来の担い方)

鈴木和歌奈

原稿種別: 本文
2014 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 163-174
発行日: 2014/02/24
公開日: 2017/10/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.28.2_163

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This article examines the significance of future-oriented activities, by way of reviewing discussions on "hope" and "expectation" in the fields of sociology and science and technology studies. First, the article explores relevant Japanese discussions, paying special attention to kibo-gaku "social science of hope". The specific assumptions made in this field are found to carry certain limitations. Moreover, although future-oriented activities such as Technology Assessment and foresight exercises are increasing in Japan, the social sciences have made littile theoretical contribution to them. Second, the article turns to focus on the sociology of expectations, an interdisciplinary field emerging in Europe by combining science and technology studies, innovation studies, and sociology. Referring to concepts and empirical studies in the sociology of expectations, the article highlights the interaction of future-oriented activities with science and technology. In conclusion, the article suggests possibilities for bringing theoretical and practical discussions on future-oriented activities in Japanese social science.

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将来ビジョンの描き方-フォーサイト : レジリエンス概念からの示唆とガバナンスの検討(<特集>日本の未来の担い方)

松尾真紀子

原稿種別: 本文
2014 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 175-184
発行日: 2014/02/24
公開日: 2017/10/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.28.2_175

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This paper reveiwes the development of the first to the fifth generation of foresight in existing literature and shows how the change in the relationship between science and society has impacted the roles and concept of foresight. The paper finds that the concepts of "diversity" and "dispersion" are the key characteristics of the foresight needed today. These concepts are also discussed in the resilience discussion in ecology and governance literature. The emphasis on these two concepts requires the changes in governance structures from a traditional top-down linear model to a more decentralized network type, where the government acts as a coordinator of multi-level requirements from a meta-governance perspective. Institutional redesign is needed to avoid the potential tension between the concepts of "diversity" and "dispersion", and the concepts of "stability" and "certainty" under the law. The paper also stresses that foresight must be a reflexive and continuous process as it has distributional implication.

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研究シーズとビジョンの戦略的結合による環境イノベーションデザイン : 理論枠組みと方法論(<特集>日本の未来の担い方)

原圭史郎

原稿種別: 本文
2014 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 185-195
発行日: 2014/02/24
公開日: 2017/10/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.28.2_185

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Future visions and scenarios toward building sustainable societies are being increasingly developed. Meanwhile, advanced technologies and research seeds that could contribute to achieving such visions are also being rigorously conceived. However, there exist gaps between such visions and individual technology seeds, hindering a transition to envisioned sustainable societies. In this paper I first discuss distances between individual seeds at micro level and visions at macro level by demonstrating some examples. I then propose a "vision-meso-seeds"(VMS) model as a practical framework for addressing sustainability transition. In particular, I illustrate meso level research which aims to design a matching of promising seeds at the micro level and societal visions at the macro level and argue that the meso level research shall constitute one of the core fields in sustainability science. I highlight the importance of matching various strategies and measures derived from the top-down (vision-oriented) approach and bottom-up (seeds-oriented) approach in the meso level research. I suggest that accumulation of knowledge through case studies and social experiences be needed to enhance the theory and approaches associated with VMS model and the meso level research.

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米国の大学・企業におけるイノベーション・デザイン人材の育成(<特集>日本の未来の担い方)

佐藤将史

原稿種別: 本文
2014 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 196-206
発行日: 2014/02/24
公開日: 2017/10/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.28.2_196

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Design thinking is one of the notable keywords about innovation as a way to generate unprecedented business ideas, products, services, policies, and so on. Since design thinking has been gradually acknowledged among universities and industries in the United States, a few universities have launched design thinking programs to foster innovation designers who are capable to raise innovations in industries. In addition, a new type of consulting firm, design consulting firm, has been emerging in the US; design consulting firms hire innovation designers so that they can promote their clients' innovation. By sorting out the competencies of innovation designers from these universities and firms, this paper describes the mainstream of developing and utilizing innovation designers in the US. Conversely, design thinking is still a very new idea in Japan and it has recently become a boom in the part of universities and industries. However, the intrinsic value of this new idea should be more studied and digested.

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フューチャーセッションによる参加型イノベーションの可能性(<特集>日本の未来の担い方)

野村恭彦

原稿種別: 本文
2014 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 207-218
発行日: 2014/02/24
公開日: 2017/10/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.28.2_207

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This article describes the new innovation process, which we coincided Future Sessions. Future Centers in Europe are symbolic places to drive such innovation processes. In Japan, dialogue events called Future Sessions are spreading in public, social, and private sectors to overcome the barrier amongst sectors. Future Session is different from ordinary workshop; Future Session enables building relationships with stakeholders as well as creating good ideas. The new relationship between existing stakeholders and future stakeholders enables us to design new systems of our society, and to act collectively. We discussed the possibilities of Future Session as a new process of social innovation with public participation.

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Summary in English

原稿種別: 文献目録等
2014 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 219-221
発行日: 2014/02/24
公開日: 2017/10/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.28.2_219

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特許明細書の定量的指標に基づく特許率推論方法の提案

安彦元

原稿種別: 本文
2014 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 223-234
発行日: 2014/02/24
公開日: 2017/10/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.28.2_223

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本研究では,従来より特許率に影響を与えるものとして検証されていた定量的指標である,num数と格成分数の双方を説明変数とした特許率推論方法を提案した。本研究では,特許性に関係のある特許明細書中の定量的指標として,1)num,2)格成分数の2つのパラメータを使用する。本研究においては,特許率と,これら2つの定量的指標1),2)との関係を分析した。分析の結果,2つの定量的指標1),2)は,特許率と大きく関係することを確認することができた。また,本研究としては,特許率の向上を念頭においた特許明細書のクオリティコントロール方法について示唆を与えた。

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鉄鋼産業における生産管理の革新について : 君津製鉄所の事例報告

西岡潔, 馬場靖憲

原稿種別: 本文
2014 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 235-245
発行日: 2014/02/24
公開日: 2017/10/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.28.2_235

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本ノートは,新日鉄(現新日鐵住金)(株)君津製鉄所において展開された企業活動に関する聞き取り調査に基づき,鉄鋼産業において,どのように21世紀初頭から生産管理が革新されたか,事例報告する。具体的には,厚板分野を対象に,全社規模の組織改革によって一元的権限が与えられたミドル層が,どのように現場の操業に対して新しい経営目標を設定し,適切なマネジメントを行うことにより,工程管理を担当するスタッフと操業を担当する作業員のルーティンを変更し,その結果,どのように生産工程間の仕掛品が削減され,工場の生産性向上とリードタイム短縮が可能になったか,その経緯を明らかにする。最後に,プロセス産業においていかに生産管理を革新するか,本事例からの示唆をおこなう。

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