Kanagawa Prefecture, which has more than 900 research laboratories where 320 thousand of scientific researchers and engineers work, has urged the "Plan of Brain Center", in order to convert its guideline concerning the industrial structure to more knowledge-intensive more knowledge-creating type. For example it founded Kanagawa Science Park in Kawasaki City. And, it reorganized the prefectural research institutes from institutions from experiment to laboratories such as Center for Environmental Science, Industrial Ramp;D Laboratory, and Agricultural R&D Laboratory. Because science and technology concern not only industrial activities, but also civil lives such as environment, welfare, helth, transportation, communication, and infrastructure. Prefectural Government expects the readers, or the specialists of science and technology, to cooperate in science and technology policies in districts.

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Now it is time that prefectural government should struggle to promote its own 'science and technology' for vitalization of the prefecture. The government should try not only to find out what it has, but also to transfer the power of the national research center to the regional ones, and to foster industries utilizing its own technology. Here it is essential for the administration to utilize its brain and show originality, in order to find a way how to combine the local research resources with the requirements of its industry and how to establish the supporting system for the research. Yamagata University, reorganized recently, has many world-wide research resources, however, it does not make full use of its potentials. The local industries have so far depended on the research results developed by their parent companies, but they began to cultivate their own research and development. official research institutes in Yamagata have played a leading role for the modernization and advancement of local industries, but now they sould reconsider their goals in coordination with the change of industries. It is necessary for the institutes to be reborn as technology-supporting institutes based on their own research and development. Problems to be solved by the local administration, therefore, are how to support both resources in universities and developments in motivated companies and institutes, and how to direct a scenario for establishing new technologies and looking out for local talent. Here it is crucial to have a key person capable encouraging the local talent. Consequently it is important to construct a research system focused on such a 'person' and 'research collaboration'.

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The development of Kansai Science City (KSC) is a national project based on the KSC Construction Promotion Act (1987). Construction of the KSC, located near Osaka, Kyoto and Nara in Japan's historical and cultural heartland, is proceeded with the close cooperations among industry, universities and local governments. This city will be not only a new center of culture, science, research and industry, but also an attractive urban spot for the citizen. Keihanna Interaction Plaza, Inc. was established through a joint investment of the public and private sector in 1989. As the core facility of KSC, Keihanna is dedicated to providing both the opportunity and the setting for innovative studies, academic research and industrial development. Keihanna also aims to play a crucial role in the promotion of world-wide cultural exchange.

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Kansai Advanced Research Center (KARC) which is a branch of the Communications Research Lab. (CRL) was established five years ago in Kobe City for basin and advanced research in response to the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications research program: "The Frontier Research in Telecommunications". This is a national project aimed at achieving conspicuous progress in information and communications in the 21st century through the long-term advancement of fundamental, advanced related research. The KARC is dedicated to basic research covering three fields: information science & technology, quantum science & technology, and biology & nano-technology. This organization, cooperating with academic, public and industrial research groups, creates a new atmosphere which in turn helps to foster researchers and managers who have a potential to develop a cultural innovation through creative and motivated research in interdisciplinary fields.

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This article introduces the outline of Kobe Research Park, which has been developed in Kobe City. Kobe Research Park consists of three districts: No.1 District for facilities including computer centers and R&D laboratories, No.2 district for housing, education R&D, and cultural exchange and No.3 District for distribution and production. From the point of the situation Kobe Research Park has some features, such as to stand at a junction of expressway network, to belong to one of the large development areas in Kansai region, and proximity to Osaka. Concerning Kobe Research Park, Kobe City Government expects the following roles: an R&D industrial complex, linkages with those at Seishin Area in Kobe, and a symbol zone of "Kobe-Sanda" International Park City.

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SPring-8 Project is going to construct a ultrahigh-brilliant x-ray synchrotron radiation facility in Harima Science Park City, Hyogo Prefecture. The project is jointly undertaken by Japan Atomic energy Research Institute (JAERI) and the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN). The facility consists of an 8 GeV storage ring of 1436m circumstance, an injector linac of 1 GeV, and an 8 GeV synchrotron. The commissioning of the storage ring is expected in spring 1997. The facility will be available to scientists and engineers in universities, national laboratories and industries both at home and abroad.

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According to the definition in a dictionary, "Science" is the study of knowledge which can be made into a system and which usually depends on observing and testing facts and standing on general natural laws. Here, science is supposed to be applied not only to some specific local districts, but also to all over the world. However, the recent White Paper on Science and Technology edited by the Science and Technology Agency describes the importance of the scientific and technological activities in the local government. It is true that most of forty seven prefectures pick up technological and scientific projects as their important policies and have been reorganizing their own technological research institutes. This article discusses another important role of science and technology which can encourage the local people, society, and government.

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This paper aims to outline the concept and reality of the research center called Toyohashi Science Core in Toyohashi City. In 1976, the Toyohashi University of Technology was established for the purpose of academic education and promotion of research cooperation between the university and local industry. The university provides a good circumstance for technological research activities and assistance for the industries in the region. In 1990, a joint corporation under the name of Science Create was established, sponsored by both private and public sectors, and the research center, Toyohashi Science Core was built in order to provide a place for high-tech research for the university in cooperation with local industry. Its activities include the training for small local enterprises and cooperative research between industry, the university, and the public sector. Particulary the cooperative research activities are focused on this paper.

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With a "harmonious internationalization" as its fundamental philosophy, Hitachi, Ltd. hopes to have its overseas departments to carry out sound and autonomous operations. In keeping with this philosophy, since 1989, Hitachi has established and is operating several overseas RD facilities throughout the U.S. and Europe. To support the existing offshore operations, the RD Division in the U.S. is engaged in the development of application research involving semiconductors, automotive components and high definition televisions. In addition to their large North American market, the technological resource and the production standard regulations of the U.S. will provide on effective atomosphere for on productive operation. Recently, with the issue of technological information outflow, the U.S. has raised its interest towards the overseas RD facilities. As the supervisor of the U.S. RD Division, I have established and managed the program from its beginning. In this paper, in addition to introducing the U.S. RD Division, I will also discuss some of the issues and problems on must apply and calculate in establishing and managing RD facilities in the U.S. based on my experience.

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本論文は、日韓繊維産業の成長過程を技術変化の源泉に着目して定量的に分析し、析出された差異を定性的に説明せんとするものである。まず、労働生産性を固定資本の量的拡大によって説明できる部分と説明できない部分(技術変化による部分)に分け、繊維産業の各工程において、企業の規模が2つの部分の比率に及ぼす影響を測定した。その結果、日本では、資本指向的な川上部門の大企業と技術指向的な川中部門の中小企業が、相互補完的な系列関係を形成しているのに対し、韓国では、両部門が資本の豊かな大企業の方が技術指向的となり、垂直分業が効率的に機能していないことが判明した。このような差異は、実は両国繊維産業における系列形成過程の差異に起因するように思われる。合繊維物の場合、日本では、外国から導入された技術で国産化した合繊を商業化するため、原糸メーカーが川中技術を研究して糸とともに情報を提供した。現在は指導育成された川中業者が中堅企業に成長し、多品種少量生産の展開に中心的な役割を果たしている。他方韓国では、輸入原糸の調達力を武器に輸出商系の製織業者が巨大化して、原糸メーカーより先に系列を形成した。大企業自体長い間商品企画を海外に依存した結果、川中中小企業は少品種大量生産の一端を担う単純下請に留まり、大企業の生産性向上によって逆に稼働率の低下に追い込まれているように見える。

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