The aim of this study was to objectively compare the detection rate of individual scanning techniques for lesions in the body and the tail of the pancreas and to highlight the characteristics of each technique. We compared detection characteristics of scanning techniques by focusing attention on the detection rate and the detection site of 35 cystic lesions of pancreas in 26 patients. Three combinations of position changes and examination procedures studied were (A) transversal scanning of the epigastric region in the sitting position, (B) scanning of the left intercostal area in the sitting position, and (C) transversal scanning of the intercostal area in the right decubitus position.
The detection rate of each scanning technique for all lesions was (A) 74%. (B) 14%, and (C) 77%. The distribution of the detected lesions was (A) 47.0±25.7 mm, (B) 97.4±23.8 mm, and (C) 60.3±26.2 mm. No significant difference was observed in the size of the lesions detected by each scanning technique*. Moreover, the distribution of lesions detected by each scanning technique alone was (A) 16.8±8.8 mm, (B) 112.5±38.9 mm, and (C) 91.6±16.1 mm. No significant difference was observed in the size of the lesions detected by each scanning technique alone^*. (^* ; Kruskal-Wallis test p>0.05)
The reason why the detection area was different depends on the scanning technique used, which might be attributable to changes in the detection depth of the pancreas and to the effect of movement of gas in the stomach. (A) was superior in the case of lesions in the head side portion of the pancreatic body, (C) was superior in the case of lesions in the center portion of the pancreatic body to the tail portion, and (B) was superior in the case of the tail portion, respectively, to other methods in terms of the detection rate. We were able to verify that (C) and (B) , were particularly vital to detecting lesions in the tail of the pancreas, a region that has traditionally been difficult to detect.

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The histogram analysis in ultrasonography has been expected to offer an objective index for diagnosis of fatty liver, although it is not yet widely applied in clinical practice. In the present study, the analysis was applied to more than 490 cases to examine the validity of the analysis and to establish a cut-off value for the diagnosis. For this purpose, 291 cases with normal liver and 206 cases of fatty liver were subjected to study. Clinical diagnosis of normal and fatty Ever was based on serum biochemistry (on 13 items including AST, ALT γ-GTP, etc.), history on drinking habit, and BMI. When the modes (L values) in the histograms of the fiver/kidney ratio and the liver-kidney difference were taken as an indicator in the sonogram, the best cut-off value was 1.14 for the ratio and 4.20 for the difference. A closer correlation with ALT, ASr, or γ-GTP, was observed with the L-value for the difference rather than the L-value far the ratio.

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There are various methods for calculating prostate volume using transabdominal ultraaonography (TAUS). However, few reports have made a comparative analysis of the characteristics of these methods. In this retrospective study, we compared six methods for calculating prostate volume using TAUS. Two hundred and forty-eight patients, who had a “non-protruding” prostate, and 52 patients, who had a “protruding” prostate, were enrolled in this study. The six methods each had individual characteristics, and die mean differences between the largest and the smallest calculated volumes were 8.9 cm³ in the “non-protruding” group and 16.3 cm³ in the “protruding” group. However, good correlations were observed among these six methods (r=0.901-0.983). Additionally, we compared the prostate volume calculated by thesix methods with the weight of the prostate specimen after radical prostatectomy in 20 patients. The prostate volumes calculated by the six methods correlated with the weights of the prostate specimens (r=0.798-0.846). Since TAUS is less or just as invasive as transrectal ultrasonography, we believe that each of the six methods for calculating prostate volume using TAUS is clinically useful for screening estimation of the size and the shape of the prostate.

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