Purpose: The differences between ultrasonography and pathological findings of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients were evaluated retrospectively.
Subjects and Methods: Between September 2010 and October 2011, in the Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, 137 patients were diagnosed as having breast cancer and no palpable swelling of their lymph nodes; they had undergone ultrasonography preoperatively and afterwards, a sentinel lymph node biopsy of the axillary lymph node. There were some false negative cases that were diagnosed with no lymph node involvement in the ultrasonographic examination, but lymph nodes involvement was proven pathologically. There were also some false positive cases that were diagnosed with lymph nodes involvement in the ultrasonographic examination, but no lymph node involvement was seen pathologically. Eight ultrasonographers reevaluated the false negative and false positive cases retrospectively.
Results and Discussion: Four or more ultrasonographers reevaluated 9 of 11 examples as negative, and four or more ultrasonographers judged 2 examples as positive among false negative cases. Four or more ultrasonographers reevaluated 6 of 9 examples as positive, and four or more ultrasonographers judged 3 examples as negative among false positive cases. When making a cautious inspection on an object with a minor axis of 5 mm or more in length, the object with a thick cortex portion and the object with an increased number of lymph nodes in comparison with an unaffected side might be accepted, the number of false negative decisions might be able to be reduced. For an object with a minor axis of 5 mm or more in length, the presence of round swelling and the hilum of the lymph node in the ultrasonography images were commonly taken as indications of lymph node involvement. But among cases showing two or more of these findings, pathologicaly negative case was observed in 6 cases.
Conclusion: The possibility was found for raising the accuracy of assessing lymph node involvement by ultrasonographic examination when some combinatorial findings were evaluated. There are positive lymph nodes that cannot be described in ultrasonography images and there are differences in interpretation even if the same diagnostic criteria are used among ultrasonographers. Further research is necessary to reduce the differences between results of ultrasonography and biopsy evaluations of lymph node involvement.

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Purpose: Ultrasonic diagnosis is the important first step in the practical management of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Preoperative diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes on ultrasonography images influences determination of the stage of the disease and the surgical procedure to be followed for those patients. It is, therefore, important to distinguish metastatic lymph nodes from reactive lymph nodes in ultrasonography diagnosis. The purpose of the present study was investigate the characteristic findings on ultrasonography images of metastatic lymph nodes of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Subjects & Methods: A total of 203 lymph nodes in 145 patients were included in this study. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed for primary patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma from October 2010 to February 2012 at the Kuma Hospital. The ultrasonogaphic findings, that is, shape, border, internal echo, cystic change, calcification, linear echogenic hilus, and Doppler signals of the hilus, were analyzed in the patients.
Results: Pathological examinations found 161 metastatic lymph nodes and 42 reactive lymph nodes postoperatively. Irregular shape, heterogeneous and hyperechoic internal echo, calcification, absence of hilus, cystic change, and presence of Doppler signals on the extra-hilus region of lymph nodes on preoperative ultrasonography images were significantly correlated with the pathological diagnosis of lymph nodes metastasis.
Conclusions: These ultasonographic findings of metastatic lymph nodes are considered to be useful for the practical management of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

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Purpose: We examined the characteristics of the images by MRI and abdominal ultrasound (US) of 13 cases of primary liver cancer that CoCC components were identified in these surgical resection specimens.
Methods:Of the liver tumor surgical resection was performed in the period of September 2011 from March 2008, 13 cases MRI examination and US was enacted prior to surgery, CoCC component has been pathologically confirmed (all males, 65.6±10.7 years average age, 27.1±16.9 mm average tumor diameter, B chronic hepatitis: 5 cases, B cirrhosis type 3, for example, C-type liver cirrhosis: one case, alcohol (AL) cirrhosis: one case, fatty liver (FL): three cases):
We have to evaluate the nature and form of the tumor in the B-mode image of US, which came into force prior to surgery. In addition, we evaluated the contrast behavior of tumor contrast US images used in the Sonazoid^® (CEUS). We have to evaluate the amount of liver cells and contrast the attitude of the tumor enhanced MRI images using Gd-EOB-DTPA in (EOB-MRI), the signal strength T1WI, T2WI, DWI of a simple MRI images. US image is a two radiologists and one name Gastroenterology doctor, MRI images were evaluated in addition interpretation findings of two radiologists.
Results and Discussion: US imaging findings are summarized as follows:the first ((1)), Notch-shape border , the second ((2)), Visualization of dendritic vascular structure.and third ((3)), persistent contrast effct, the fourth ((4)), Clear images of defect in post vascular phase.
MRI imaging findings are summarized as follows: the fifth ((5)), Prolonged contrast effect, the sixth ((6)), Clear images of defect in hepatobiliary-phase. these common imaging findings are summarized as follows:the seventh ((7)), Visualization of portal vein penetrates inside of the tumor. (1), (2) and (7) commonly appear in these images, and are considered the findings that reflect the existing structure such as portal area in the tumor/peripheral zone. As for (3), “persistent contrast effect”,it can be attributed to the residual existing portal area, On the other hand, as for (5),” prolonged contrast effect”, it reflects abundant fibrous stroma in the center of lesion ,and is useful in the distinguishing CoCC from HCC. (4) and (6) are considered the findings that reflect the cellular dedifferentiation ,these imaging findings are useful in the differentiation of early hepatocellular carcinoma (eHCC).
Conclusion: Since US has higher resolutions than MRI, it captured differences in pathological tissue properly. It was found that US is particularly useful test for diagnosing CoCC through the morphological diagnosis such as an evaluation of the contour and hemodynamic diagnosis with the patterns of contrast such as visualization of dendritic vascular structure.

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