Panoramic radiography has been used not only in dentistry but also in otorhinolaryngology. In order to apply panoramic radiography to the diagnosis of maxillary sinus pathosis, it is important to know not only the value but also the limitation of this technique. The purpose of this article is to state the value and limitation of panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of maxillary sinus pathosis by comparing it with the water's projection. Panoramic radiography is superior to the Water's projection for the detection of maxillary sinus malignancy and cyst-like lesion on the floor of the maxillary sinus. Panoramic radiography is not a technique for the examination of cloudiness and thickening of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus, and bony sclerosis of the maxilla associated with maxillary sinusitis. Two techniques supplement each other in the diagnosis of maxillary sinus pathosis.

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Having been introduced about a century ago, the concept of the overdenture became to be applied frequently in recent dental practice on account of the simple technique and the faculty of the maintenance and effective use of the residual tissues. In this report the authors produced an individual upper overdenture with the same view to utilize a few residual teeth as the previous report. This denture was designed to have no palatal plate and labial flange which were considered to be the most important for the retention and stability of conventional upper denture. Otherwise the pronounciation and esthetic appearance of this case would be markedly impeded. It has been satisfactory in service and the prognosis has also been favorable for these two years.

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Using rats of multifarious age stages from one day after birth to the extremity of 1083 days of age, study was undertaken on the epithelial remnants at the molar region of animal with special reference to their morphological changes with age, quantitative distribution changes with age and difference in their regional distribution density as shown in the circumference of tooth root. Results were summarized as follows. 1) It was observed with the epithelial remnants of rat's molar region that, besides being produced as remnants of Hertwig's epithelial sheath, they were also consisted of those remnants of the dental lamina and epithelial cells of the enamel organ which were either proliferated or transformed into squamous cells. 2) The epithelial remnants assumed multifarious shapes corresponding to the progressive age stages of animal, and these shapes allowed to be classified into 6 types : primitive, fused, proliferative, retrogressive, calcified and specific. 3) Some of the epithelial remnants became lost in sight by suffering a variety of retrogressive degeneration and others turned into many-sized calcified particles through the mineralization process. 4) The epithelial remnants which originated from Hertwig's epithelial sheath made their first appearance by 19 days after birth of animal and increased the amount thereafter, attaining the maximum size during the period from 60 to 80 days of age. After this period, however, the epithelial remnants became reduced in size and were almost invisible after 301 days of age, except in certain particular cases. 5) There were observed two different modes for the formation of calcified particles, and some particles were formed by direct calcification of the epithelial remnants, while others turned into particles by way of making use of calcified fragments of tissue and cells as their own nuclei. 6) These calcified particles increased gradually with advancing age of animal after 121 days of age. 7) The amount of the epithelial remnants distributed in various regions of tooth root was as follows : 41% at the inside of bifurcation, 19% at cervical region, 17% on inner surface of bifurcated root, 13% on outer surface of bifurcated root, and 10% at the tip of root. Distribution in amount of caleified particles, on the other hand, was as follows : 29% on outer surface of bifurcated root, 28% at apical region, 18% on inner surface of bifurcated root, 14% at the inside of bifurcation, and 11% at cervical region. This apparent discrepancy in distribution patterns between the epithelial remnants and calcified particles strongly suggested the possibility that a considerable portion of the epithelial remnants once produced might have been dissolved and lost through retrogressive degeneration in one hand, while the calcified particles, on the other hand, might have been produced not only from the single source of epithelial remnants but also from the abundant source of tissues and cells in the periodontal membrane suffering calcification with progressive age of animal.

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From the immunologic competence viewpoint, fluctuation of lymphocytes' subpopulation in the patients with oral carcinoma was examined for the purposes of securing the clinical status, investigating the effect after therapy and foreknowing the prognosis. Objects were composed of 46 patients with oral carcinoma (including the cases with long survival time), 28 patients with oral benign diseases, and 43 healthy controls. In addition, the fluctuation following the progress of the tumors in Vx2 carcinoma bearing rabbits was also examined experimentally. The results were summarized as follows. 1. In the healthy controls, differences of T, B-cell levels (percentage, count) with ageing was observed. Especially, in the both percentages of T, B-cells, the significant difference was recognized between 20 years group of carcinoma age in the healthy controls. 2. The remarkable low count (number/mm^3) of B-cell population in the patients with stomatitis was often observed. 3. T-cell level in untreated oral carcinoma group (fresh cases) was remarkably low, but B-cell level equaled the controls'. In percentages of B-cell, most cases indicated higher level. 4. T-cell level in squamous cell carcinoma was low. However, in adenocystic carcinoma, it did not indicate as low. 5. In tongue carcinoma (only squamous cell carcinoma), a decrease in T, B-cell counts was recognized. 6. With the clinical progress of oral carcinoma, a decrease in T-cell level was observed, too. 7. In the cases with survival time over 2 years after therapy for oral carcinoma, the percentage of T-cell indicated significantly low count. 8. T-cell level in the effective group (squamous cell carcinoma) of treated oral carcinoma indicated an ascending tendency with time after treatment. On the other hand, T-cell level in ineffective group indicated a descending tendency gradually. So, in T-cell count immediately after therapy, and in T-cell percentage on 60th day after therapy, there were significant differences between both groups. 9. The cases that indicated, in T-cell count, at least the level existed before treatment or near the level on 60th day after treatment were of convalescent in prognosis generally. But, at one time after treatment, the cases that indicated descending percentage of 50 or more than the count before treatment were dead sooner. 10. Rabbits' T-cell levels after transplantation of Vx2 carcinoma indicated a descending tendency accompanied by the progress of tumor. Five weeks after transplan tation, they indicated the T-cell count in descending percentage of 50 or more and died of the tumor. On the other hand, percentage of B-cell indicated an ascending tendency with time. But it's count did not indicate any definite tendency.

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A morphological study was carried out on the cheek tooth of wild boar captured at Fukuoka and Yamaguchi prefectures. The materials available for this investigation consisted of a total of 78 cases, maxilla 37 (male 22, female 15), mandible 41 (male 24, female 17). The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The cheek teeth consisted of the four anterior, the three posterior cheek teeth, and the total of them were twenty-eight, indicating mammalian complete dentition. They were bunodont teeth with cone-shaped cusps, simultaneously brachyodont with short crown. 2. The 1st anterior cheek teeth which have been regarded as monophyodont without having any predecessors in these days, were variable in crown pattern and root shape, and they were frequently absent. The lacking rate of them was 71.8% in mandible, 17.4% in maxilla, and there was observed the differences of significance between both jaws clearly. 3. The cingulum appeared in the lingual side of maxillary anterior cheek teeth developed so well as the distal ones. It seemed that a small cusp which was adjacent to the cingulum was derived from the cingulum in their appearance. The buccal fossa appeared in mandibular anterior cheek teeth deepened so fully as the distal ones. 4. The maxillary 4th anterior cheek tooth presenting a triangular shape in appearance of the occlusal surface had three cusps of the paracone, metacone and protocone, which might be a primitive type, and assumed a tendency of molarization. 5. The 1st and 2nd posterior cheek teeth of both jaws had a four-cusped pattern respectively. Out of the mandibular cusp pattern, the hypoconulid developed well, while the paraconid disappeared almost, showing strong sign of reduction. 6. The mesiodistal diameter was the longest in the mandibular 3rd posterior cheek tooth, whose talonid was well grown just like heel-shape on the distal end. The buccolingual diameter in the maxillary 3rd posterior check tooth was the longest in the maxilla. 7. The tuberculum molare was found in mesiobuccal and distolingual side of the maxillary 2nd posterior cheek tooth, furthermore in the buccal side of the maxillary 3rd posterior one. 8. The occlusal spine appeared more in the lingual than in the buccal side of the maxillary teeth. And in the mandibular ones, it appeared more in the buccal side. 9. The parastyle and buccal ridge were observed markedly in the mesiobuccal side of the maxillary 4th anterior cheek tooth, therefore it seems that the appearance frequency of style has closely relation with that of ridge. 10. There was observed very markedly the central ridge of occlusal surface in the majority (97%) of the maxillary 4th anterior cheek tooth. 11. The variety of the mesiodistal diameter in maxillary cheek teeth was so marked as the distal one. In the mandible, that of anterior 1st one was the most variable and that of posterior 3rd one succeeded. There was observed the sexual difference in the buccolingual diameter of mesial side of maxillary 1st anterior one and of distal side of the mandibular 2nd and 3rd anterior ones respectively. 12. Considering the relative size of talon (-id) to the crown mesiodistal diameter in the posterior cheek teeth, the 3rd posterior one of each jaw was the largest, the maxillary one 42%, the mandibular one 46%. 13. The cheek teeth grew so complex as the distal ones. As concerns this, the author guessed as follows from viewpoint of the evolution of tooth. In the anterior cheek teeth, it speculated that the differentiation has happened first from the mesial tooth, and the diminution has arised from similarly the mesial in later stage, in the posterior cheek teeth, the differentiation the distal, and the diminution the distal in the same way.

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Transfusion of stored blood has brought a great progress in the management of the surgical patients. However, problems associated with it, such as transfusionhepatitis and blood shortage have led researchers to reduce the amount of blood transfused. This study was undertaken to establish the criterion of postoperative care of the cases who were managed under reduced blood transfusion during operation in oral surgery. The summeries could be obtained as follows. 1. In those patients whose blood loss during operation was under 2000g (ml), 40-50 per cent of the bleeding volume, lactated Ringer's solution, plasma expander were infused as the program of our clinic. The circulating blood volume was effectively maintained at the preoperative value during immediate postoperative period. 2. It is desiable that 60-70 per cent of the bleeding volume should be transfused in the cases whose intraoperative blood loss was over 2000g (ml). 3. In some patients, the circulating plasma volume decreased to 90 per cent or less of the preoperative value on the 1st postoperative day. To maintain the postoperative circulating plasma volume at approximately preoperative value, 1000 to 1500 ml of solution which was a mixture of lactated Ringer's solution and isotonic dextrose as the ratio 2 : 1 should be infused during postoperative 12-14 hours. 4. The circulating plasma volume decreased for three days after operation. In this period, a mixture of lactated Ringer's solution, or multiple electrolyte solution, and isotonic dextrose as the ratio 1 : 1 should be given in the amount of 40 ml/kg/day. 5. In the 7th postoperative day, erythropoiesis was usually found (reticulocyte count increased, serum concentration of iron and per cent saturation of transferrin decreased, total iron-binding capacity of serum began to increase). The prescription of iron drug was effective to improve postoperative anemia when this treatment was started on the 8th postoperative day. The total amount of iron given was that of lost in the blood. 6. In children on whom the cleft-palate operation were performed, postoperative anemia was poorly improved although iron drug was given for 7days including the immediate postoperative period. 7. The bleeding tendency caused by hemodilution was not observed in this clinical cases. From the evaluation of above data, the criterion of postoperative care of the cases who were managed under reduced blood transfusion during operation was established in our clinic.

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A total of 77 puppies was used as materials to utilize their immature teeth with large-sized pulp cavity. The pulp of lower premolar teeth of these animals was amputated in both sides of jaw. We selected, Calvital among medicaments of calcium hydroxide, Dycal, Hydrex and mono-Calcium hydroxide as comparison, and Cavitec among medicaments of eugenol, five kinds in all, and about the effects of those medicaments the healing processes involving repair of cavity shape, further growth of the root and possible change of periodontal tissues were studied by means of radiological and patho-histological methods. Results were summarized as follows. 1. On the 1st day following the vital amputation of pulp, the X-ray showed no sign of opaque at amputated side, but patho-histological findings showed a clear boundary formed between vital and necrotic pulpal tissues as an instance of mono-Calcium hydroxide. 2. On the 3rd day X-ray films showed a thin line of radiopaque at amputated side as examples of Calvital and mono-Calcium hydroxide. This patho-histological showed that there appeared spindle cells on the surface layer of the pulp and that fiber components increased, and this corresponds to characteristics in the beginning of formation of a new dentine barrier. 3. On the 7th day, when I used Calvital and mono-Calcium hydroxide radiopaque, thin lines became thick and clearer, and a formation of the new dentine barrier was observed on this part and odontoblasts appeared. 4. On the 14th day, when I used Calvital, mono-Calcium hydroxide and Dycal, opaque was remarkable and the width and clearness increased. In this period the formation of dentine barrier was observed clearly. When we used Cavitec, radio-opacity was still distinguished and until the 14th day suppurative inflammation remained from amputated side to deep tissue, and the pulp of the root canal was going to suppurate and collapse. 5. After twenty one days, in the cases of Calvital, mono-Calcium hydroxide and Dycal the opaque band was as wide as before, and the dentine barrier became thicker and living pulp was covered with it completely. In the case of Dycal I observed very few formation of necrosis layer on the surface of the pulp just under the amputated part. This was also found in the case after 62 days. In the case of Cavitec the opaque band was not seen, but spindle cells apeared and fibers increased in the pulp just under the amputated part, and the pulp between the middle of the root and root apex was kept normal. In the case of Hydrex radioparency was distinguished, and the pulp showed suppurative inflammation to the middle part of the root. 6. As for formation of the root apex, after 62 days in the cases of Calvital, mono-Calcium hydroxide, Dycal and Cavitec the apical foramen was covered with cellular cement almost completely. In the case of Hydrex suppurative inflammation was kept long and it reached the root apex. In consequence formation of dentine near the root apex was thin, and in spite of addition to cellular cement we could not find any covering on the root apex. 7. In the cases of Calvital, mono-Calcium hydroxide, and Dycal dentine of the wall of root canal grew and the form of the pulp cavity was recovered satisfactorily. In the case of Cavitec it was recovered less satisfactorily, and in case of Hydrex it was hardly observed. As mentioned above I believe that Calvital, mono-Calcium hydro xide, and Dycal can apply to the pulp of immature teeth under development and that they are clinically very useful. As for Cavitec rather severe inflammatory reaction was recognized in a short time experiment, and therefore, seemed very unstable, and, I guess Hydrex is almost impossible to apply.

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It is a familiar fact that the splitting-lines-method has been taken up as a simple means to learn the fibrous arrangements of tissues and organs. But the significance of the splitting lines has not necessarily been concluded by the uniform notion yet. However, since Professor Nakayama emphasized the significance of the irregular splitting lines in his presentation titled "The Significance of the Splitting Lines, especially that of the Irregular Splitting Lines" disclosed in the Journal of the Kyushu Dental Society in 1957, and publicized his view that the irregular splitting lines are the direct functional manifestation of the bone substance shown as its defence reaction, it has been proved by many senior students of his class that his conclusion holds good with regards to the various cartilages. Based on this theory, the author studied on the differences reflected by the age-change of the splitting lines between the articular head and the articular cartilage, both of which being related with the same function as the articular movement. Observations were made on the head of femur and articular cartilage of the dog, using 32 pure Beagle dogs ranging from 60 days pre-natal to 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, 11 months, 1 year, 2 years, 4 years and 6 years post-natal. Described below is the result of this observation : 1. By the observation of the splitting lines of the articular head and cartilage, following classifications were made : 1) Pre-incipient growth stage (60 days pre-natal) 2) Incipient growth stage (1 month post-natal) 3) Rapid growth stage (2 months to 6 months post-natal) 4) Pre-maturation stage (8 months post-natal) 5) Maturation stage (11 months to 4 years post-natal) 6) Atrophy stage (6 years post-natal) 2. Age-change of the splitting lines on the surface of bone substance of the articular head was found to indicate inverse condition to that of the articular cartilage which covers the surface of bone. It is deduced from this face that the difference is due to that the articular cartilage is of the elastic tissue to perform the cushioning function against the impact made by the articular movement, while the articular head is of the solid tissue to perform the supporting function of the body weight during the articular movement. That is considered to be caused by the time lags between the articular cartilage which is rich in the splitting line-systems does not take much time to eliminate the effect of the external stimulus by such physiological phenomenon as the articular movement and the articular head which is of weak elasticity can not eliminate the external stimulus quickly.

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