Apicoectomy was first established by Farrar, Partsch, etc., and has found general application in dental and oral surgery at present. However, the follow-up studies on the cases where the classical technique has been applied revealed occasionally unfavorable result such as the concaved healing of the bone wound and absorption of the remaining portion of operated root. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the healing process after apicoectomy with use of the bone chips as grafting material. The experimental apicoectomy was performed on dog's lower jaw. Both autogenous local bone chips and heterogenous ones from the Kiel bone were respectively transplanted into the defects created by apicoectomy, and the results were compared for the healing process between animals treated under the conventional technic and those treated under the bone chip implant technique. Based on these experiences, the present author attempted to go into more detailed study of the bone chip implant technic on patients admitted in the Clinic on the basis of long term observation. The results were summarized as follows. 1. In cases where grafting of local autogenous bone chips was conducted, there appeared the network of immature trabeculae growing out from the wall of the defect into the cavity at about ten days after the operation, and at the same time a vigorous neogenesis of bone was seen taking place in the peripheries of the transplanted bone chips. 2. The newly developed trabeculae proliferated progressively and became closely fused with the bone chips nearby, and at approximately 30 days after the operation, there already started reconstruction of normal bone structure eventually leading to a successful bony healing of the wound. 3. Regeneration of the periodontal membrane at the resected apical end of tooth was seen earlier in the autogenous bone chip implant cases than in the otherwise treated cases. 4. This early repair of periodontal membrane at the resected apical end of tooth would seem to be one of the excellent features of the present implant method, because it led to both the early restoration of the bony defect and prevention of local concave deformation on the mandible. 5. In case where the Kiel bone chips were used for grafting, osteogenetic process from the wall of the defect played the main role in the restoration of the wound, and the Kiel bone chips were seen to become enveloped by the proliferating trabeculae to form the picture of bony healing of the wound. 6. In the Kiel bone chips group, radiographic observations showed the presence of the bone chips left unresorbed and imbedded in the trabeculae even at 150 days after the operation, indicating marked retardation of healing as compared to the group where the autogenous local bone chips were used for the grafting. With respect to the rate of regeneration of the periodontal membrane at the apicoectomized end of tooth, however, both groups showed much the same results. 7. In patients where the autogenous local bone chips were used for grafting, disappearance of contours of individual chips by homogenous fusion with the developing trabeculae was observed by 60 days after the operation, indicating an accelerated healing of wound as compared to control patients. 8. The application of autogenous bone chips in apicoectomy has gained more favorable results than would be expected from the conventional technique in the prevention of concave defect of the bone in the operated field, the regeneration of periodontal membrane at the resected end of the root and the early healing of cavitated bony wound. 9. In patients where the Kiel bone chips were for used grafting, the retention of the grafted chips in the wound was observed by X-ray for more than several months which suggested that it would take even years to see such wound completely healed on the X-ray diagnostic basis. 10. Although the application of Kiel bone chips in filling

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Measurements and morphological studies were conducted on the teeth of Yayoi ancients that had been excavated at the Hirota site, Tanegashima island, Kagoshima Prefecture. The study was mainly directed to detect morphological features of the teeth of these ancients, to compare the findings with those of modern Japanese counterpart and to get some information of the possible age change of the teeth by the aid of anthropological or phylogentical concepts. Principal points of interest were summarized as follows. 1. The size of teeth from the ancients was larger in their length, especially in length of root part. In contrast to this, breadth of tooth crown was smaller than that of modern Japanese tooth crown. Such elongation of the tooth root should be interpreted in terms of an adaptation of tooth to coarser and harder diets taken at the time which would require the tooth to develop greater stability in the socket of jaw, and hence the longer root. 2. The presence of blind foramen, incisura obliqua and caninization, all of which are regarded as sings of retrogression in the upper lateral incisor could be observed less frequently than in modern Japanese counterpart. Also less frequent was the occurrence of the shovel-shaped incisors, especially in upper central incisors, in the ancients men as compared with the dentition of modern Japanese. 3. In view of the groove type of occlusal surface in the upper premolars and the manner in which the root was branched, it was suggested that these teeth, especially the 1st premolar tended to show relatively primitive shape as compared to modern Japanese. 4. With lower premolars, the way in which the cusps and the occlusal grooves occurred in the teeth of ancients suggested an age change of these teeth which was more marked in the 2nd rather than in the 1st premolar. 5. With upper molars, the 1st molar in the ancients showed with no exception 4 completely formed cusps and the 2nd molar was also quadruply cusped in the majority of cases, suggesting that they kept more primitive form as compared to modern Japanese dentition. 6. With regard to occurrence of cusp number and the type of occlusal groove in lower molar of the ancients, the most frequent was so-called Dryopithecus Pattern (Y_5) in the 1st molar where 5 cusps and Y-shape groove were common, and in the 2nd and 3rd molars the groove shapes +_4 and X_4 were respectively most predominant, showing little, if ever, deviation from patterns of modern Japanese dentition. No significant variation was noticed in number and shape of the tooth root, and the 1st and 2nd molars had almost all 2 roots. Occurrence of supernumerary tubercle such as Protostylid, 6th cusp and 7th cusp was very rare. Conclusions were drawn form the above findings that the lower jaw teeth in Hirota ancients showed no significant deviation from comparable teeth of modern Japanese in every morphological traits examined, while teeth from upper jaw of Hirota ancients deviated in some way or other from those of modern Japanese.

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Ameloblastoma is an epithelial neoplasm which is considered by some to be derived from epithelial cells organ, a development structure, intimately related with tooth development. This tumor is most frequently found in the molar region of the mandible. We have recently experienced two identical cases of ameloblastoma in the same side of angle of the jaw for two generations from a mother who was fifty-four years of age to her daughter, twenty-seven. We found that considering from the stand point of Pathological histology, both of them were equal to Type III studied by Miyazaki and Arai, and to Type Stellat・Follicular by Toma. We cured both of case I and II by amputating in continuity the right side of the lower jaw and immediately transplanting auto-ilium. We regret our inability to determine the causes of this tumor.

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Generally it is well Known that the steroid agents have strong antiphilogistic actions. Therefore, when the steroid agent is clinically used, antibiotic agents must be used, at the same time, for secondary infection. The authors experienced a case of serious mandible inflammation from secondary infection, in which case, the patient had been for 5 years treated for nephlitis with the steroid agents without antibiotics. The patient was a female, 24 years old, and complained of swelling, bleeding, a spontaneous pain in 〓 area, and paralysis of the left mandible and the lower lip. We treated the patient with antibiotics and non-steroid antiphilogistic agents, discontinuing the administration of the steroid agents. A successful result in extracting causal teeth was obtained.

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The authors designed the chromosome studies on patients with the cleft lip and-palate to investigate its pathogenesis. On 100 patients of 25 cleft prepalate, 50 cleft prepalate and-palate and 25 cleft palate, chromosome studies were carried out by cultured peripheral blood leukocytes using a slight modification of the technique of Moorhead, et al. Out of 100 patients, 5 cases showed numeral or structural chromosome aberration ; one case D/E translocation, one case long No.1 chromosome, one case partial C trisomy (familial C/G transmission) and two cases 21 trisomy. And nine of the 55 male patients, consisted of 5 cases of cleft prepalate and 4 cases of cleft prepalate and palate patients had long Y sex chromosome. It is extremely interesting that 13 cases of the 14 patients with abnormal karyotype had the cleft of prepalate or its combined cleft in its cleft type.

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A study was undertaken to confirm possible antagonistic action of a mixture consisting of procaine, asparagic and glutamic acids (PAG) against the tissue damage of excised tracheal muscle of rabbit by exprosure to sulfur dioxide solution which is known in its gaseous state as one of the major causative agents of tracheal inflammation and asthma in man. Evidences were presented in this study that contraction of the smooth muscle of trachea to be induced by application of sulfur dioxide solution could be suppressed successfully by preadministration of PAG, and that the muscle which had been contracted by exposure to the agent could be restored to its original state with the administration of PAG by dilating it antagonistically. Determinative studies were further conducted on the amounts of PAG that might be required for complete dilatation of the muscle that had been contracted with varying intensities by exposure to varying amounts of sulfur dioxide solution, and results were presented.

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Because of the fact that chlorinated diphenyl compounds were originally developed as heat-exchanging medium for exclusive use in some processes of chemical industry, it is no wonder that there lacks any information with regard to its biological effect, much less with regard to human toxicity. The present study was undertaken to examine the possible toxic effect of one of such compounds marketed under the name of Kanechlor when it was administered to rats orally for 10 to 20 days period in doses ranging from 2, 500 ppm to 10, 000 ppm in 0.5 ml of solution per day. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The drug did not cause any one case of death among the total of 102 animals tested. 2. The animals failed to gain weight and showed poor appearance of hair and dullness of mobility. 3. The sucklings from mother rats given to compound likewise showed similar morbid symptoms reflecting contamination of breast milk with the compound.

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A survey was undertaken on the status of dental care which the residents of a sanatorium ranged in age from 50 to 95 years had received. Study was conducted on the total number of denture teeth, metallic crown and fillings in each quadrant of mouth and the data obtained were analyzed statistically with reference to sex and age of the subjects. Results were summarized as follows. 1. Ratio of denture teeth versus FT (%) : Sex difference was not marked with respect to the rates for all the teeth involved. The rates increased with advancing age of the subjects of both sexes until about 50 to 100 % of FT were replaced by denture teeth. 2. Ratio of metallic crown teeth versus FT (%) : With both sexes, metallic crown occupied 20 to 0 % of FT which decreased with advancing age of subjects. No marked difference was noticed between sexes in this respect. 3. Ratio of filled teeth versus FT (%) : The rates were extremely small for all the teeth in both sexes, and there was hardly difference with advancing age of the subjects. 4. Ratio of MT→FT versus MT (%) : With both sexes, 60 to 50 % of missing teeth were left untreated teeth of both jaws, regardless of sexes. 5. Ratio of teeth suffering periodontal diseases existing teeth (%) : Teeth of lower versus jaw showed higher rate than teeth of upper jaw with both subjects when compared between the same named teeth of both jaws. No age difference was noticed in this respect.

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A statistical observation was conducted on number of decayed teeth experienced and its rate against number of treated teeth (FT) in a total of 2020 subjects ranged in age from 50 to 95 who are residents of a sanatorium for the aged. Results were summarized as follows. 1. DT versus DMFT (%) : The rates for every teeth of upper and lower jaws amounted to less than 20 % which decreased with advancing age of subjects. Comparison between upper and lower jaw teeth in general did not show any appreciable difference in this respect, and so were between both sexes and individual teeth of both jaws. The rate was high especially for the anterior teeth in both jaws of the female and in upper jaw of the male but not in lower jaw where no significant difference was noticed among all teeth. 2. Mt versus DMFT (%) : The rate amounted to 70 to 90 % in the male subjects and 60 to 90 % in the female. With all the teeth in both jaws, the rates increased slightly with advancing age of the subjects. The rates for molar teeth and premolar teeth were higher than the rates for anterior teeth with both sexes. 3. FT versus DMFT (%) : The rates amounted to 50 to 60 % for all teeth of upper and lower jaws with both sexes of subjects and showed no appreciable age difference. The rates, however, were generally higher in the anterior. 4. Denture teeth versus DM→FT (%) : The rates of denture teeth against DMFT were respectively 40 to 50 % in the male subjects and 40 to 60 % in the female subjects, the value for the latter being slightly increased with adavancing age, but not for the former. The rates were higher for anterior teeth than for posterior teeth with both sexes.

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