The author performed the vital pulpotomy on deciduous teeth using Calvital and Dycal from calcium hydroxide, FR from condensed compound of guaiacol and formaldehyde, and FC process from formocresol and a histological examination was made on healing after pulpotomy on vital pulp of deciduous teeth. The results were as follows : 1. Formation of a necrotic layer directly below the plane of section was extensive with Calvital, FR and FC process, but slight with Dycal. 2. With Calvital, cells with a large nucleus appeared on the third day after operation and calcified tissues were observed in some. Findings of calcified barriers and dentin barrier in the early stage were seen from seven to fourteen days after operation. 3. With Dycal, slight hyalinization and cellular infiltration were observed in the pulp three days postoperatively. From 7 to 14 days, calcified barriers were formed in the plane of section and the inner most layer contained organic matters stained lightly in Eosin. After 35 days, dentin barriers were observed but still incomplete, and odontoblasts also were irregular in construction. 4. With FR, hyalinization and slight inflammatory cellular infiltration were observed in the cases in which demarcation was seen directly below the plane of section. From 7 to 14 days, findings of dentin barriers in the early stage were seen and organic matrics were seen in some of the innermost layers of the barriers. After 35 days, dentin barriers were formed and argrophilic fibers were beginning to be observed. 5. With FC, findings of inflammation in the dental pulp tissue continued as long as 35 days after operation. Although healing of the dental pulp by inflammatory granulation tissues and fibrosis, findings of internal resorption were markedly seen. 6. Internal resorption was observed with FC but not with Calvital, Dycal and FR.

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Basal lamina alterations during experimental carcinogenesis in hamster cheek pouch were investigated electron microscopically and the results obtained were as follows ; 1. Basal lamina alterations, including thinned out, discontinuity, separation of basal lamina from basal plasma membrane and reduplication were observed from the time of epithelial hyperplasia with proliferation of connective tissues of lamina propria. 2. The thinned-out and discontinuity of basal lamina were observed so more frequently and intensely as epithelial hyperplasia progressed to dysplasia that basal lamina loss was dominant observations in dysplasia stage. 3. Reduplication of basal lamina was also observed more frequently and intensely as epithelial hyperplasia progressed but was rare observations in epithelial dysplasia stage. 4. Inflammatory reaction which were indicated ultrastructurally by less compactness and disruption of the subjacent connective tissues of lamina propria was observed getting more intense as epithelial hyperplasia stage progressd to dysplasia stage. 5. In carcinoma stage, basal lamina alterations, including thinned-out, discontinuity, loss of basal lamina and reduplication were observed as continuous linear one. Dominant observations were discontinuity and loss of basal lamina and these were commonly found around the invasive tumor cell nests. Well developed reduplication of basal lamina was observed especially around the tumor cell nests of epithelial pearl formation. 6. Various forms of cytoplasmic processes of basal cell i.e., pseudopodia, bleb, etc. could be observed at the places corresponding to the region of the discontinuity and the loss of basal lamina. These cytoplasmic processes were ubiquitous findings independent of stages of carcinogenesis. 7. The results of the observation support the idea that the production of basal lamina and its functions are basically physiologic characteristic unrelated to carcinoma. 8. The basal lamina loss observed around invasive tumor cell nests indicated that the production of type IV collagenase by the tumor cells and laminin, physiologic constituents of basal lamina, may still be factors in tumor invasion. Further studies about basal lamina will elucidate the tumor cell invasion.

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Organic matrix of bone consists of various substances of different chemical nature, and these constituents are thought to function actively for sustaining the bony structure since many constituents are found to act as the stimulants directed to osteocytes or its precursor cells. Therefore, if the activity of these constituents declines with aging, bone may be unable to maintain its normal form, such as recovering its anomalous form resulted from bone fracture or tooth extraction wounds in elder patients. If aging provides this failure, it may be reflected in the possible changes of the constituent activities of bone matrix itself. From this point of view, an attempt has been made to examine whether osteoinductive potential linked to bone matrices alters with aging. To detect the age-associated changes of activity of the matrix constituents, bone matrices different in age were implanted in the soft connective tissue of the rat. The bone matrices were prepared from diaphyseal bone of Wistar-male rats according to Urist (1965∿1971). Those demineralized bone (D. B.) from young adult rats (8 weeks old) and old rats (64 weeks old) were implanted subcutaneously and process of endochondral bone formation in the tissues were observed. Furthermore, additional studies were made to examine the effect of the addition of the EDTA-extractable, Ca-precipitated fraction from bovine dentin in its similar system. Following results were obtained. 1. D. B. from young adult rats induced a larger amount of bony structure than D. B. from old ones. 2. In early phase of endochondral bone formation, D. B. from old rats induced much more chondrocytes with concomitant formation of a larger amount of cartilage than D. B. from young adult rats. 3. The addition of the EDTA-extractable, Ca-precipitated fraction in this system shift the phase of appearance of chondrocytes earlier. 4. The addition of the EDTA-extractable, Ca-precipitated fraction provides an increase in calcium-contents of D. B.. The results obtained in the present study clearly indicate that the osteoinductive potential of aged D. B. is weakened. The reduction of bone mass, one of the phenomena associated with senescence, may be caused partially by these agerelated changes in the intrinsic activity of bone matrices. In clinical application of the D. B. with osteogenetic potential for treating craniofacial defects and wound after tooth extraction, the younger matrices seem to be more efficient materials.

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After excretory disturbance of saliva induced by injection of silicone impression material into the excretory duct of the submaxillary glands of dogs, the macroscopic, histopathological and histochemical investigations were undertaken from the first to 26th postoperative weeks. The following results were obtained. 1. The macroscopic findings In the early stage after operation, the submaxillary glands changed edematous with faintly red color, hereafter, it varied from white to dark brown, reduced in diameter and hardened. In the soft x-ray's findings, the radiopaque picture was shown reaching to the acinar hilus of the excretory ducts, which were expanded with time. 2. The histopathological findings After the operation, atrophy and disapperance of the acini, the dilatations of intercalated ducts, strated ducts, interlobular ducts and the proliferation of inflammatory granulation tissue occurred, which were severely changed with time. In the 8th week after the operation, the lobular structure was destroyed. In the 26th week after the operation, the proliferation of inflammatory granulation tissue was prominent and the acini, intercalated ducts, striated ducts became indistinct, while the proliferation of epithelial cells occurred. 3. The histochemical findings 1) The intense alkaline phosphatase activity was seen in the myoepithelial-cells and capillaries in the control groups. After the operation, this intense activity was maintained, showing a little variation. The slight activity was observed in the striated ducts and interlobular ducts, which gradually decreased after operation. 2) The intense acid phosphatase activity was seen in the serous cells, striated ducts and interlobular ducts in the control groups. The extremely intense activity was shown in the degenerated, atrophied acini and the remaining cells between the acini. The activity in the striated ducts and interlobular ducts gradually decreased after operation. 3) The intense succinic dehydrogenase activity was seen in the serous cells, intercalated ducts, striated ducts and interlobular ducts in the control groups. However, this activity decreased with time after the operation. In the 26th week after the operation, the cells were observed, which displayed the intense activity in the areas which would appear to be the remnant of the intercalated ducts and striated ducts. 4) The intense lactate dehydrogenase was observed in the serous cells, intercalated ducts, striated ducts and interlobular ducts and this activity in each area decreased until the third postoperative week. In the 8th week after the operation, the relatively intense activity was displayed in the contents of the lumens and ducts. In the 26th week after the operation, the intense activity was seen in the areas, which would appear to be the remnant of the acini and intercalated ducts. The slight activity was also observed in the inflammatory granulation tissues.

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The present study was carried out to examine histopathologically and neuropathologically the changes in the wound healing process of the anterior teeth and periodontal tissue after segmental mandibular osteotomy of the anterior region in 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks of the operation. A. The general findings 1. New bone formation at the osteotomy region began within one week after the osteotomy. Osteotomized bone was united with basal bone three weeks after the osteotomy. Slight enlargement of blood vessels and hyperemia in the sectioned bone segment were observed after the surgery. But those phenomena disappeared and blood supply was restored to normal condition within four weeks after the osteotomy. 2. Enlargement of blood vessels and hyperemia in the periodontal ligament of anterior teeth were also observed, but the degeneration of the periodontal ligament did not occur in early postoperative stages. Three weeks after the operation, the condition of the periodontal ligament was restored to the former state. 3. Hypertrophy of the gingival and attached epithelium were observed from 1 to 10 weeks after the osteotomy. In detached adjacent to the cortical bone, granulation tissue with inflammatory cells proliferated and attached to the alveolar bone one week after the osteotomy. But the condition of the gingivae returned to near normal. B. The neural findings 1. All nerve fibers in the sectioned bone segment disappeared one week after the osteotomy. Two weeks after the osteotomy, regeneration of the nerve fibers from the basal bone fragment had just begun. Ten weeks after the osteotomy, the nerve fibers were smaller, and the distribution of nerve fibers was less than that of the control. In the dental pulp of the anterior teeth, enlargement of blood vessels and hyperemia were observed, but the degeneration was not found in the early postoperative stages. Four weeks after the osteotomy, the condition of the dental pulp was restored to its former state. 2. Nerve fibers in the periodontal ligament had all disappeared one week after the osteotomy. Three weeks after the regeneration of nerve fibers had begun from the region of the teeth, and the distribution of nerve fibers was present througout the entire periodontal ligament. However the nerve fiber distribution was less than that of the control, even 10 weeks after the osteotomy. 3. As the anterior mental nerve was cut by surgery, the nerve fibers of the upper part of the gingiva above the anterior mental foramen disappeared one week after the osteotomy. Three weeks after the osteotomy, regenerative nerve fibers were found in those areas. Nerve fiber distribution was less than that of the control ten weeks after the osteotomy. There were no changes in the nerve fibers of the lingual gingiva after the osteotomy. 4. In the dental pulp, the nerve fibers disappeared one week after the osteotomy. The regeneration of nerve fibers proceeded more slowly than that of the periodontal tissue in the dental pulp. However a few very fine regenerative nerve fibers were observed three weeks after the osteotomy. Subsequently, the number of nerve fibers increased gradually but ten weeks after the osteotomy the regenerative nerve fiber distribution was less than that of the control. As mentioned above, no pathological changes in the lingually displaced bone were observed, and favorable regeneration of nerve fibers was found after the osteotomy. It was concluded that the alveolar osteotomy was an extremely useful method of surgical correction in orthodontics.

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A possibility, that T lymphocytes are controled in their function by a modification of surface receptor through the binding of fluid factor in periodontitis, was studied. Both LPS immunized mice and non-immunized ones were injected by LPS in gingiva, and lymphocytes were prepared from submandibular lymph nodes and spleen with time after injection. Proportions of T lymphocyte subclasses were determined both by cytotoxic test and by fluorescent antibody technique, and also antibody titers to LPS were determined. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Antibody titers in mice either immunized intravenously (iv group) or immunized intraperitoneally (ip group) were 1024 fold just before injection in gingiva. 2. In ip group the titers after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of gingival injection were 256, 1024, 512 and 512 fold respectively. In iv group those after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days were 256, 512, 256 and 256 fold respectively. The titers of ip group were relatively higher than those of iv group. 3. In immunized mice without gingival injection, ratios of suppressor T cell to helper one (Ts/Th) in spleen were 1.6 in ip group and 2.9 in iv group. Those in submandibular lymph nodes were 1.9 in ip group and 1.8 in iv group. Supressor T cell was dominant in number in both groups. 4. In ip group, Ts/Th's in spleen after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of gingival injection were 1.8, 2.3, 1.0 and 2.1, respectively. Ts/Th's in submadibular lymph nodes of the same group after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days were 1.6, 1.9, 1.6 and 2.3 respectively. In iv group, Ts/Th's in spleen after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days were 1.9, 1.6, 1.3 and 1.7, respectively. Ts/Th's in submandibular lymph nodes after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days were 1.7, 1.7, 1.6 and 2.3 respectively. 5. In submandibular lymph nodes of ip group, ranges of proportion of IgG positive T cell after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of gingival injection were 29-39%, 49-64%, 53-55% and 53-55% respectively. These values were relatively greater than that in control, 29-38%. In iv group these ranges after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days were 31-41%, 46-57%, 41-46% and 36-42% respectively. These values were little different from that in control, 37-47%. In spleen of ip group these ranges after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days were 21-34%, 36-45%, 27-39% and 21-35% respectively. These values were relatively greater than that in control, 19-27%. In spleen of iv group these ranges after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days were 22-30%, 38-56%, 37-46% and 36-47% respectively. These values were relatively greater than that in control, 15-29%. 6. Submandibular lymph nodes and spleen of immunized mice proportions of both suppressor T cell and IgG possitive one were greater than those of non-immunized mice. It was discussed that T cell in immunized mice was to be activated and/or differentiated through binding with IgG and the binding might play an important role in immunological response and control.

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Usually, diagnosis and treatment plans are made on the basis of data obtained from subjects with normal occlusion in orthodontic treatment. Morphologically, there are three types of faces for subjects with normal occlusion : convex, straight, and concave. It is therefore necessary to adjust treatment goals in accordance with the facial type to maintain stable and consistant treatment results. However, taking measures by the facial type has not yet been sufficiently pursued. Therefore, relations between antero-posterior relationships of the upper and lower jaws and tooth position were studied with regard to subjects with good occlusion. Of 1, 047 male students whose gnathostatic models, oriented facial photograms, and roentogenocephalograms were completed and in custody of the Department of Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental College, 178 subjects who had Angle class I relationships and good occlusion, both overjet and overbite, over 0.5mm and under 4.5mm were selected for the study. With use of their lateral roentogenocephalograms, linear and angular measurements were taken on 35 items and examinations including multiple regression analysis were made. The results were as follows : 1. Convexity[mm]of the materials used for this study was -7.0 to 10.0mm (1.7±3.0mm), A-B was -18.3 to 3.5mm (-5.8±4.2mm) and ∠ANB was -5.1 to 8.6°(1.9±2.4°). Within these ranges, maintenance of fairly good overjet and overbite was considered possible even with antero-posterior skeletal discrepancy of the upper and lower jaws. 2. Correlation coefficients of convexity[mm]with A-B and with ∠ANB were -0.82 and 0.96, respectively, showing strong correlation. The greater the convexity[mm]was, the greater the antero-posterior difference of the upper and lower jaws was skeletally. With smaller convexity[mm], antero-posterior difference of the upper and lower jaws was smaller. 3. Correlation coefficients of convexity[mm]with ∠FH-1 and with ∠FH-1 were -0.43 and -0.72, respectively. With greater convexity[mm], the upper central incisor tended to show lingual tipping and the lower central incisor labial tipping. With smaller convexity[mm], the trend for both incisors was reversed. 4. In multiple regression analysis, the linear measurement items N-A, N-B, and A-B with FH plane as the base were expressed by a contribution of 0.96 and over derived by angular measurements of ∠SN-FH, ∠SNA, ∠SNB, and ∠ANB with SN plane as the base. Each of FH plane and SN plane has advantages as the plane for measuring. Therefore, in making evaluation of antero-posterior relationships of the upper and lower jaws, linear measurements with use of FH plane and angular measurements with use of SN plane should be taken into consideration.

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Dentin barriers formed after pulpotomy of deciduous teeth in young dogs were investigated radiologically, photographically, microscopically, scanning electron microscopically, and with X-ray analyser. The results were as follows : I. Radiological and photographic observations 1. On the 14th day after operation, radio-opaque image appearing directly below the plane of section was observed as a linear pattern and the image in the microphotogram was observed as a low densitometrical curve as compared with primary dentin. The value equivalent to aluminium was 1.47mm. 2. On the 21st day, the radio-opaque image directly below the plane of section showed a wide belt-like pattern and the image in the microphotogram was observed as a low densitometrical curve as on the 14th day. The value equivalent to aluminium was 1.55 mm and showed an increase. 3. On the 35th day, the radio-opaque image increased its width and thickness and appeared sharply. In the microphotogram, the image appeared as a densitometrical curve with less identations and showed an increase as compared with that on the 21st day. The value equivalent to alminium was 1.70mm and showed a further increase in thickness. II. Microscopic and Scanning Electron Microscopic Investigations 1. On the 14th day after operation, formation of calcified bridges was observed microscopically in the plane of section and organic matrixes were also seen in part in the innermost layer of the bridges. Electron microscopically, granular materials of various sizes were seen in irregular arrangements on the coronal side and spiral fibrous structures were abundant around them. On the pulpal side, fusion of round and ovoid crystal structures of various sizes was observed. In the longitudinal section, although aggregation of granular calcified materials was seen, communication of the dental pulp and the coronal side was observed. 2. On the 21st day, microscopically, mixed findings of calcified bridges and early stage of formation of dentin barriers were observed. Electron microscopically, the coronal side had smooth and rough surfaces and consisted of crystalites of various sizes and thin fibrous structures. On the pulpal side, small crystalites, 0.1-1.0μm in diameter, were fused together, but many slits were still observed. In the longitudinal section, spaces were seen in the surface portion but crystal structures were fused around the spaces. On the pulpal side, openings of dentinal tubules were observed. 3. On the 35th day, formation of dentin barriers and also penetration of Korff's fibers into the barrier were observed. Electron microscopically, granular materials were dense on the coronal side and apertures, 0.1-5μm in diameter, were observed in places. Although tubular openings were seen, distinction between peritublar dentin and intertubular dentin was unclear. On the pulpal side, most portions excluding the central portion consisted of calcosherites and organization was formed. Apertures were observed in it and they were especially many at the peripheries. In the central portion, the barrier was observed as predentin-like structure. In the longitudinal section, the barrier was as dense as the root and formed flat surfaces. III. Analysis by X-ray analyser X-ray analysis of the dentin barrier formed on the 35th day showed two patterns : Ca and P were about the same in peak. The peak of Ca which is similar to primary dentin was a slightly higher than that of P.

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ラット大腿骨より破骨細胞を多く分離するために, 生後20日目まで大腿骨骨髓内の破骨細胞数を測定し, 多数分離できる日令を調べた.全骨髓細胞懸濁液を塗抹し, 巨大で多核な酸性ホスファターゼ陽性細胞を破骨細胞として計測した.本細胞数は生後3日目と16日目にピークを示す大きな変動をし, 前のピークは小さく後のピークは大きかった.本細胞の平均核数は4.6∿6.0の範囲で少し変動した.全骨髓細胞数は日々増加し, 増加率は7日目から13日目の間最も高かった.全骨髓細胞をパーコール濃度勾配遠心をし, 上層より8画分に分画した.破骨細胞は第2, 3画分に常に分画された.パーコール分画後・回収破骨細胞数は3日目に最初のピークとなった.しかし第2のピークは9日目であった.パーコール前後で第2のピークがずれたことは, 本細胞の回収率の違いにより生じたもので, 本細胞の生理状態の違いを反映したものと考えられた.全骨髓細胞は骨髓洗浄により, 骨髓細胞と骨表面細胞の2つの細胞集団に分けられた.破骨細胞は骨表面細胞中に常に回収されるため, 骨髓細胞の存在は破骨細胞分離に不利である.骨髓細胞は7日目以後増加するため, これ以後骨髓細胞の洗浄はこの選択的除去法として有効である.これらの結果は破骨細胞の回収率を高めるための適当な日令と, 他の胞胞を除く有効な方法を示している.また破骨細胞の劇的な変動は本細胞の新生, 分解または活性化, 不活性化を反映していることについて考察した.

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骨髓細胞を長期培養すると破骨細胞を生じるといわれている.これを確かめるためラット骨髓細胞培養からガラス片に多核巨細胞を出現させ, 出現条件の検討と分離破骨細胞との性質の比較を行なった.多核巨細胞は10または30%ウシ胎児血清または30%馬血清を含む培地中で多く出現したが, ラット血清を含む培地中では出現なかった.α-MEM, MEM, 199培地のうちα-MEMのときに最も多く出現した.この巨細胞は培養5日目に初めて出現し, 10日目に最大数となり以後減少した.ヒト歯牙切片上で培養すると10日目でもこの巨細胞は出現しなかった.骨髄細胞を培養したときより, 骨表面細胞を培養したときに本細胞は多く出現し, またガラスに非付着性の細胞から多く出現した.本細胞は分離破骨細胞と以下の点において異っていた.Fc及びC_3両レセプターを持つこと, カルシトニンの効果が無いこと, 骨吸収活性を示さないこと.これらの結果はこの多核巨細胞が破骨細胞と異っていることを示している.本細胞はマクロファージの多核体と考えられ, ガラスのような異物と長期間接触する間に骨髓マクロファージから形成されたものと考えられた.

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Monoamine-containing cells in taste organs of the frog were examined by fluorescence histochemistry using uptake of 5-hydroxytryptophan or 5, 6-dihydroxytryptamine. The injection of these drugs resulted in an increase in the fluorophore of this cell type. Fungiform taste organs in the tongue contained a set of about 15-25 monoamine-containing cells ; on the other hand, palatal ones contained about 5-17 cells of this type. The possibility was raised from the morphological view points that monoamine-containing cells in the frog taste organ might function as a mechanoreceptor.

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The morphological and histological characteristic of the teeth of the Afghan pika, Ochotona rufescens rufescence were studied in 12 animals, weighing about 200-300 grams. After the skulls were soft X-rayed, some were prepared for examination on a dissecting microscope and the others for non-decalcified or calcified sections. The main results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. All of the incisors and molars were rootless. 2. The labial and distal surface of the outer incisors were covered with enamel. On the other hand, it was absent on the palatal and mesial surface. For the inner incisors, the four surfaces were covered perfectly with enamel. 3. Enamel was absent on the buccal surface of the upper molars and on the lingal surface of the lower molars. 4. The longitudinal groove found in the labial surface of the outer incisors was filled comparatively thickly with cellular cementum. In the molars, except the lower M_3, bonelike cementum was supplemented along the longitudinal grooves of each lobule (the isthmus) and reinforced the connection between the two. 5. In both the incisors and molars, all of their surfaces including the filling cementum were covered with remarkably thin acellular cementum. 6. The ameloblast being in the process of forming young enamel derived from the enamel organ in the basal end were degenerated gradually toward the occlusal side and were replaced suddenly with the cementoblasts derived from the dental sac. Consequently, on the region cementum covered over enamel (on the occlusal side). Where enamel was absent, neither ameloblast nor inner enamel epithelium was observed. Instead, only short cementoblasts were seen. 7. As compared with the domestic rabbit, the following differences were pointed out. a. The upper M_3 was absent in this animal. b. The lower M_3 of the animal were of single lobule, while those of the rabbit were of double lobi. c. Distribution of enamel in the mesial and distal surfaces of the outer incisors differed slightly between the two animals. d. The region lacking the molar's enamel in the pika tended to be a very little wider than that of the rabbit.

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鹿児島県長島高校生(15∿18歳), 181名を対象に, CPITN (WHO)を用いた歯周疾患の疫学調査を行なった.その結果, 長島高校生の9割弱が歯肉出血(Code 1)以上の歯周疾患の症状を呈しており, 歯石沈着(Code 2)以上の所見が認められる者の比率でみると, 北九州の高校生より, 20% (女)∿40%(男)高かった.また, 歯周疾患の処置の必要性に関しては, 長島高校生の約90%が口腔清掃指導を必要としており, 80%以上が除石を必要としていた.しかしながら, 複雑な治療を要する者は1名もいなかった.以上の所見より, 集団歯科保健指導や管理が行なわれやすいこの時期(高校生)までに, 歯周疾患に関する徹底した指導, 教育と, スクリーニングの必要性が示唆された.

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Temporary luting cements are used for cementing the provisional prosthodontic appliance or temporarily cementing the final appliance for adjustment prior to the permanent fixation. In the latter use, primary attention should be paid on the film thickness of the cement affecting the elevation of the appliance ; however, very few data have been reported on the film thickness for temporary cements. Therefore, the film thickness of the temporary and permanent luting cements were measured in this study under a compressive load of 15 kg using a differential transducer. The film thickness was not always smaller for the cements showing smaller thickness just after the compressive load was applied. It seems that the thixotropical behavior as well as the particle size and consistency of the slurry might be reflected in the decreasing rate of the thickness with time. Significant differences could be found in the film thickness among the commercial products used but not among the cement types. The obtained film thickess was statistically classified into three groups for the permanent luting cements ; 10, 25 and 35μm ; and five groups for the temporary cements ; 2, 10, 35, 40 and 45μm.

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